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Orbital- and millennial-scale environmental changes between 64 and 20 ka BP recorded in Black Sea sediments

Authors: Lyudmila S. Shumilovskikh; Dominik Fleitmann; Norbert R Nowaczyk; Hermann Behling; Fabienne Marret; Antje Wegwerth; Helge W Arz;

Orbital- and millennial-scale environmental changes between 64 and 20 ka BP recorded in Black Sea sediments

Abstract

High-resolution pollen and dinoflagellate cyst records from sediment core M72/5-25-GC1 were used to reconstruct vegetation dynamics in northern Anatolia and surface conditions of the Black Sea between 64 and 20 ka BP. During this period, the dominance of Artemisia in the pollen record indicates a steppe landscape and arid climate conditions. However, the concomitant presence of temperate arboreal pollen suggests the existence of glacial refugia in northern Anatolia. Long-term glacial vegetation dynamics reveal two major arid phases similar to 64-55 and 40-32 ka BP, and two major humid phases similar to 54-45 and 28-20 ka BP, correlating with higher and lower summer insolation, respectively. Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycles are clearly indicated by the 25-GC1 pollen record. Greenland interstadials are characterized by a marked increase in temperate tree pollen, indicating a spread of forests due to warm/wet conditions in northern Anatolia, whereas Greenland stadials reveal cold and arid conditions as indicated by spread of xerophytic biomes. There is evidence for a phase lag of similar to 500 to 1500 yr between initial warming and forest expansion, possibly due to successive changes in atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic sector. The dominance of Pyxidinopsis psilata and Spiniferites cruciformis in the dinocyst record indicates brackish Black Sea conditions during the entire glacial period. The decrease of marine indicators (marine dinocysts, acritarchs) at similar to 54 ka BP and increase of freshwater algae (Pediastrum, Botryococcus) from 32 to 25 ka BP reveals freshening of the Black Sea surface water. This freshening is possibly related to humid phases in the region, to connection between Caspian Sea and Black Sea, to seasonal freshening by floating ice, and/or to closer position of river mouths due to low sea level. In the southern Black Sea, Greenland interstadials are clearly indicated by high dinocyst concentrations and calcium carbonate content, as a result of an increase in primary productivity. Heinrich events show a similar impact on the environment in the northern Anatolia/Black Sea region as Greenland stadials.

Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2013

Countries
Germany, France, Switzerland
Subjects by Vocabulary

Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Steppe medicine.disease_cause Pediastrum Pollen medicine Dinocyst Glacial period Stadial Sea level geography geography.geographical_feature_category Brackish water biology biology.organism_classification Oceanography Geology

Library of Congress Subject Headings: lcsh:Environmental protection lcsh:Environmental pollution lcsh:TD169-171.8 lcsh:Environmental sciences lcsh:GE1-350 lcsh:TD172-193.5

Keywords

Stratigraphy, Environmental protection, Environmental pollution, TD169-171.8, GE1-350, 550 Earth sciences & geology, Global and Planetary Change, Paleontology, Environmental sciences, vegetation dynamics; environmental changes, TD172-193.5

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
40
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
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