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Aleksander Nevski pühakulugu
Copyright policy )Aleksander Nevski pühakulugu
The article gives an insight into the hagiology (Old Russian житие) of Alexander Nevsky (ca. 1220–1263), Grand Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir. It was probably put down in the 1280s, at the Nativity Monastery in Vladimir, where his body was initially buried and where, in the late 14th century, he was canonised. The hagiology was written by an unknown author. About twenty versions of the hagiology, dating back to the 14th–19th centuries, have been preserved, and all in all, about 500 manuscript texts. The unknown author did not describe Alexander Nevsky’s entire life but focused on certain details essential for the hagiology, such as the Battle of the Neva, driving out the German invaders from Pskov, the Battle on the Ice, a campaign in the Lithuanian territories, and diplomatic relations with the Golden Horde and Vatican. The ruler is depicted as an ideal hero – a brave commander, a wise politician, and a skilful diplomat. The author has not attempted to show Nevsky as a real person but has rather constructed him as a good Christian, a saint, and a pious man, who believes in Christ and therefore defeats all the enemies of Russia. The hagiology of Alexander Nevsky is a pathetic work written in the superlative, which, based on the then canons, glorifies the hero, yet includes many inconsistencies and exaggerations. It is especially important to emphasise that the story strongly overestimates the Battle of the Neva (1240) and the Battle on the Ice (1242), which were actually of local importance only. In the description of the Battle of the Neva an interesting detail is an Izhorian called Pelkoinen (in the hagiology Пелгусий) or Pelkoi (Пелгуй). These names are the first recordings of words in Izhorian. It can be concluded that Alexander Nevsky’s hagiology was a significant religious work in Russian political and church history, which aimed, through overestimating the hero’s deeds, to create and canonise the figure of an ideal ruler, which in turn helped to strengthen Russian statehood and Russians’ national identity.
Library of Congress Subject Headings: lcsh:Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology lcsh:GN301-674
Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Philosophy media_common.quotation_subject Orthodoxy History of religions Middle Ages Religious studies media_common
orthodoxy, Cultural Studies, votes, russia, middle ages, hagiology, izhorians, Anthropology, history of religions, history
orthodoxy, Cultural Studies, votes, russia, middle ages, hagiology, izhorians, Anthropology, history of religions, history
Library of Congress Subject Headings: lcsh:Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology lcsh:GN301-674
Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Philosophy media_common.quotation_subject Orthodoxy History of religions Middle Ages Religious studies media_common
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1930. aastatest. Kuna tegu on ajaloolise isikuga, kajastuvad pühakuloos para1 Artikli teemal on siinkirjutaja pidanud kaks ettekannet: “Aleksander Nevski pühakulugu Venemaa ideoloogia alustekstina” (Eesti Akadeemilise Usundiloo Seltsi aastakonverentsil Tartus 28. mail 2010) ning ““Katõ ilma veere pääl” pärast muinasaja loojangut. Ettekanne Aleksander Nevski pühakuloo valguses” (Eesti Muinastaideseltsi aastakoosolekul Lahemaal 4. oktoobril 2014). Autor tänab anonüümseid retsensente rohkete kasulike märkuste ja soovituste eest.
2 Merjalased ja muromlased on venelastesse sulandunud soome-ugri hõimud vepslaste ja mordvalaste asuala vahel. Merjalased, keda esmakordselt mainitakse 6. sajandil, elasid praeguste linnade Moskva, Kostroma, Jaroslavli ja Vladimiri ümbruses. Üksikud merjakeelsed asulad püsisid 17. sajandini. Osa muromlasi kuulus Muromi-Rjazani vürstiriiki, mille pealinnaks oli Murom. Muromlased hääbusid pärast 10. sajandit.
3 Jõe ja rahva nimi Ižora on pärast laenamist teinud vanavene keeles läbi olulisi muutusi. Sõna pärineb üsna tõenäoliselt läänemeresoome kujust *Inkere. Viimasest on arenenud Ingerimaa ja ingerlased; venekeelsest nimest on saanud isurid. Ingeri päritolu kohta leidub ka muid seletusi (vt Nissilä 1961).
4 Siit pärineb vene keele vahendusel ka eesti paskaak 'pätt, suli' (EES 356).
Ohotnikova, Valentina 1987 = Okhotnikova, V. I. Povest' o zhitii Aleksandra Nevskogo.
Likhachev, D. S. (toim). Slovar' knizhnikov i knizhnosti drevnei Rusi (XI - pervaia polovina XV v.). Leningrad: Nauka, lk 354-363.
Pautkin, Aleksei 2008 = Pautkin, A. A. Povest' o zhitii Aleksandra Nevskogo. Demin, Anatolii (toim). Istoriia drevnerusskoi literatury. Analiticheskoe posobie. Moskva: Iazyki slavianskikh kul'tur, lk 96-102.
Pühakute 2014 = Pühakute elulood vürstide Venemaal (10.-16. sajand). Tallinn: Püha Issidori Õigeusu Kirjastusselts.
Schenk, Frithjof Benjamin 2007 = Shenk, Frit'of Ben'iamin. Aleksandr Nevskii v russkoi kul'turnoi pamiati: Sviatoi, pravitel', natsional'nyi geroi (1263-2000). Moskva: Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie.
Selart, Anti 2000. Aleksander Nevski. Märkmeid ühe püha suurvürsti postuumse karjääri kohta. Akadeemia 1, lk 115-148.
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).0 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Average influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Average citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).0 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Average influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Average
Popularity provided by BIP!The article gives an insight into the hagiology (Old Russian житие) of Alexander Nevsky (ca. 1220–1263), Grand Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir. It was probably put down in the 1280s, at the Nativity Monastery in Vladimir, where his body was initially buried and where, in the late 14th century, he was canonised. The hagiology was written by an unknown author. About twenty versions of the hagiology, dating back to the 14th–19th centuries, have been preserved, and all in all, about 500 manuscript texts. The unknown author did not describe Alexander Nevsky’s entire life but focused on certain details essential for the hagiology, such as the Battle of the Neva, driving out the German invaders from Pskov, the Battle on the Ice, a campaign in the Lithuanian territories, and diplomatic relations with the Golden Horde and Vatican. The ruler is depicted as an ideal hero – a brave commander, a wise politician, and a skilful diplomat. The author has not attempted to show Nevsky as a real person but has rather constructed him as a good Christian, a saint, and a pious man, who believes in Christ and therefore defeats all the enemies of Russia. The hagiology of Alexander Nevsky is a pathetic work written in the superlative, which, based on the then canons, glorifies the hero, yet includes many inconsistencies and exaggerations. It is especially important to emphasise that the story strongly overestimates the Battle of the Neva (1240) and the Battle on the Ice (1242), which were actually of local importance only. In the description of the Battle of the Neva an interesting detail is an Izhorian called Pelkoinen (in the hagiology Пелгусий) or Pelkoi (Пелгуй). These names are the first recordings of words in Izhorian. It can be concluded that Alexander Nevsky’s hagiology was a significant religious work in Russian political and church history, which aimed, through overestimating the hero’s deeds, to create and canonise the figure of an ideal ruler, which in turn helped to strengthen Russian statehood and Russians’ national identity.