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The epidemiology of attacks on statues: New Zealand as a case study

Authors: Nick Wilson; Amanda C. Jones; Andrea Teng; George Thomson;

The epidemiology of attacks on statues: New Zealand as a case study

Abstract

Objectives We aimed to describe the epidemiology of statue attacks along with statue representativeness relative to modern day demographics in one case study country: New Zealand. Methods We performed Internet searches for the existence of outdoor statues of named individuals and historical attacks in New Zealand (NZ), combined a national survey with field visits to all identified statues to examine for injuries and repairs. Results Of the 123 statues identified, nearly a quarter (n = 28, 23%) had been attacked at least once (total of 45 separate attack events), with the number of attacks increasing from the 1990s. Attacks involved paint/graffiti (14% of all statues at least once), nose removal/damage (7%), decapitation (5%), and total destruction (2%). The risk of attack was relatively higher for statues of royalty (50%), military personnel (33%), explorers (29%), and politicians (25%), compared to other reasons for fame (eg, 0% for sports players). Statue subjects involved in colonialism or direct harm to Māori (Indigenous population), had 6.61 (95%CI: 2.30 to 19.9) greater odds (adjusted odds ratio) of being attacked than other subjects. Most of the statue subjects were of men (87%) and Europeans (93%). Other ethnicities were 6% Māori (comprising 15% of the population) and 1% each for Asian and Pacific peoples, who comprise 12% and 7% of the population respectively. Conclusions This national survey found an association between statue attacks and the role of statue subjects in colonialism or direct harm to the Indigenous population. Furthermore, the demography of the statue subjects may represent historical and current social power relationships—with under-representation of women and non-European ethnic groups.

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Subjects by Vocabulary

Microsoft Academic Graph classification: History Ethnic group Colonialism Epidemiology education.field_of_study Statue medicine.medical_specialty Population Indigenous medicine education Odds ratio Quarter (United States coin) Demography

Keywords

Epidemiology, Social Sciences, Geographical locations, Cultural Anthropology, Governments, Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, Sociology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Multidisciplinary, Q, Statistics, R, Europe, Religion, Military Personnel, Indigenous Populations, Physical Sciences, Medicine, Regression Analysis, Crime, Anatomy, Research Article, Science, Political Science, Oceania, Nose, Research and Analysis Methods, Humans, Statistical Methods, Demography, Biology and Life Sciences, Face, Anthropology, Medical Risk Factors, People and places, Head, Armed Forces, Mathematics, New Zealand

26. Heath R, Waymerb D. Public relations intersections: Statues, monuments, and narrative continuity. Public Relations Review. 2019; 45(5): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0363811118305642.

27. Knudsen BT, Anderson C. Affective politics and colonial heritage, Rhodes Must Fall at UCT and Oxford. International Journal of Heritage Studies. 2019; 25(3):239-58.

Whelan Y. The construction and destruction of a colonial landscape: monuments to British monarchs in Dublin before and after independence. J Hist Geogr. 2002; 28(4):508-33. https://doi.org/10.1006/jhge.

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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