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Publication . Article . 2016

Contingency and the order of nature

Nancy Cartwright;
Open Access
English
Published: 01 Aug 2016 Journal: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, volume 58, pages 56-63 (issn: 13698486, Copyright policy )
Country: United Kingdom
Abstract

Many profess faith in the universal rule of deterministic law. I urge remaining agnostic, putting into nature only what we need to account for what we know to be the case: order where, and to the extent that, we see it. Powers and mechanisms can do that job. Embracing contingency and deriving order from powers and mechanisms reduces three kinds of problems: ontological, theological, and epistemological. Ontologically, there is no puzzle about why models from various branches of natural and social science, daily life, and engineering serve us in good stead if all that's happening is physics laws playing themselves out. Also, when universal laws are replaced with a power/mechanism ontology, nothing is set irredeemably by the Big Bang or at some hyper-surface in space-time. What happens can depend on how we arrange things to exploit the powers of their parts. That may be put to significant theological advantage. The epistemological problem comes from philosopher of physics, Erhard Scheibe. Given what we take physics to teach about the universality of interaction, there is just one very large object - the entire universe - to be governed by laws of nature. How then do we ever learn those laws?

Subjects by Vocabulary

Microsoft Academic Graph classification: Epistemology Determinism Universality (philosophy) Philosophy Object (philosophy) Contingency Ontology Natural law Nothing Universal law

Subjects

History and Philosophy of Science, History, General Medicine, Animals, Biological Evolution, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Knowledge, Nature, Philosophy, Science, Theology

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K4U
Knowledge For Use [K4U]: Making the Most of Social Science to Build Better Policies
  • Funder: European Commission (EC)
  • Project Code: 667526
  • Funding stream: H2020 | ERC | ERC-ADG
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