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Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas
Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
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Pão-de-índio e massas vegetais: elos entre passado e presente na Amazônia indígena

Authors: Gilton Mendes dos Santos; Daniel Cangussu; Laura Pereira Furquim; Jennifer Watling; Eduardo Góes Neves;

Pão-de-índio e massas vegetais: elos entre passado e presente na Amazônia indígena

Abstract

Resumo A elaboração de tecnologia de armazenamento de alimentos pelos povos indígenas da Amazônia é um tema descrito desde os relatos dos primeiros cronistas europeus na região. Frequentemente são encontrados, de maneira fortuita ou em sítios arqueológicos, artefatos culturais denominados ‘pães-de-índio’, presentes em diversos ambientes e bacias hidrográficas e relatados pelos moradores locais como um composto de plantas processadas e enterradas, comestíveis mesmo depois de anos enterrados. A partir da década de 1980, porém, uma série de trabalhos botânicos e micológicos vem classificando estes supostos pães como um fungo do gênero Pachyma Fr., Polyporus indigenus. Este artigo apresenta evidências arqueológicas, microbotânicas e etnográficas que mostram que pães-de-índio foram compostos preparados pelo processamento de espécies frutíferas e tuberosas, amplamente descritas pelos povos indígenas. Apresentamos os resultados da primeira tentativa de extrair grãos de amido de dois desses artefatos, os quais testaram positivamente para grãos de amido de milho, pimenta, batata-mairá e outras espécies de vegetais. Este texto dedica-se a demonstrar, ainda, que pães-de-índio são o testemunho do manejo e do uso da diversidade de plantas da floresta e do emprego de um conjunto de instrumentos e técnicas de produção com fins ao armazenamento de alimento. Abstract The development of food storage technologies by indigenous peoples of the Amazon has been described since the early european chroniclers that travelled in the region. Cultural artifacts known as pães de índio ( ‘indigenous bread’) are frequently found in or nearby archaeological sites, in various environments and settings, and identified by local peoples as a compound of processed and buried plants, edible even after years of production. Since the 1980s, however, a number of botanical and mycological studies have classified these supposed breads as a fungus of the genus Pachyma Fr., Polyporus indigenus. In this paper we present archaeological, microbotanical and ethnographic evidence that shows that indigenous breads are a compounds of prepared fruit and tuberous species, widely described by indigenous peoples. We present the first attempt to extract starch grains from two of these objects, which tested positive for starch grains from maize, pepper, batata-mairá, and other vegetable species. We aim to demonstrate that such objetcts are the testimony of the management and use of forest plant diversity and of a set of production tools and techniques for food storage purposes.

Keywords

Linguistics and Language, Archeology, Vegetable pulp, Social Sciences, Arqueologia, Language and Linguistics, H, Food storage, Latin America. Spanish America, Starch grains, Amazon, Pão-de-índio, Massas vegetais, Armazenamento, F1201-3799, Grãos de amido, Amazônia, Archaeology, Anthropology, Indigenous bread

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  • citations
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    3
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Top 10%
Average
Average
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