The dataset of morphological traits of birds based on Fauna Sinica is extracted by using special tools after digitizing the related records of the book Fauna Sinica (Aves 7). This dataset contains 85 species of birds belonging to 13 families of 5 orders recorded in the book, including Caprimulgiformes, Apodiformes, Trogoniformes, Coraciiformes, and Piciformes. Each record in this dataset is the extraction of single morphological characteristics from morphology, biology, distribution, measurement, and other morphological description data of different species/Subspecies in different genders and various developmental stages, mainly in shape, color, and texture. This dataset provides basic data for the biological research of these birds groups, such as biogeography and phylogeny, and also provides valuable corpus resources for natural language processing and understanding research.