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Lit.opg.

Sentence-final particles serve an important role in spoken Japanese, because they express the speaker’s mental attitudes toward a proposition and/or an interlocutor. They are acquired at early ages and occur very frequently in everyday conversation. However, there has been little proposal for a computational model of the acquisition of sentence-final particles. In this paper, we report on a study in which a robot learns how to react to utterances that have a sentence-final particle and gives appropriate responses based on rewards given by an interlocutor, and at the same time, learns the meaning of nouns. Preliminary experimental result shows that the robot learns to react correctly in response to yo, which expresses the speaker’s intention to communicate new information, and to ne, which denotes the speaker’s desire to confirm that some information is shared, and also learns the correct referents of nouns.

For robots to effectively bootstrap the acquisition of language, they must handle referential uncertainty-the problem of deciding what meaning to ascribe to a given word. Typically when socially grounding terms for space and time, the underlying sensor or representation was specified within the grammar of a conversation, which constrained language learning to words for innate features. In this paper, we demonstrate that cross-situational learning resolves the issues of referential uncertainty for bootstrapping a language for episodic space and time; therefore removing the need to specify the underlying sensors or representations a priori. The requirements for robots to be able to link words to their designated meanings are presented and analyzed within the Lingodroids-language learning robots-framework. We present a study that compares predetermined associations given a priori against unconstrained learning using cross-situational learning. This study investigates the long-term coherence, immediate usability and learning time for each condition. Results demonstrate that for unconstrained learning, the long-term coherence is unaffected, though at the cost of increased learning time and hence decreased immediate usability.

Si au début du XVIe siècle, les princes se perçoivent et restent des puissants d’empire, soumis malgré quelques heurts, à l’autorité impériale, dans une distribution hiérarchisée des pouvoirs, la Réformation offre une occasion de faire éclater la concurrence avec l’empereur. Cette rivalité politique et confessionnelle est d’autant plus forte que les divisions au sein de l’empire accroissent les chances d’élection des plus puissants : les ducs de Bavière comme l’Électeur de Saxe songent à conc...

Cet article se refere a celui de I. Finkelstein (cf. Abs. Ir. 31, 2008, c.r. n° 44) selon lequel la liste des Rapatries ne reflete pas une realite achemenide, puisque des sites importants de cette epoque manquent, mais celle plus tardive de l’epoque hasmoneenne. L’A. de ce nouvel article argumente en la faveur de l’historicite du texte biblique. La periode perse est encore difficile a reconnaitre en Judee. Certaines caracteristiques de la ceramique achemenide apparaissent en fait deja a l’epo...