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  • Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage
  • 2013-2022
  • Publications
  • Ukrainian

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    Stratigraphic complexes of the Lower Precambrian are everywhere metamorphosed. That is why the stratigraphic dismemberment of the Lower Precambrian has always been inextricably linked with the study of metamorphism. For some time, metamorphism was even used as a sign of the relative age of stratigenic metamorphic complexes according to the principle – “the higher the degree of metamorphism, the older the complex”. The high-temperature complexes of granulite and amphibolite facies belonged to the Archean, while the less metamorphosed complexes belonged to the Proterozoic. But already at the beginning of the widespread use of methods of isotope dating of metamorphic shield complexes, the most ancient age determinations were obtained from weakly metamorphosed complexes. After that, the degree of metamorphism was no longer taken into account in the stratigraphic dismemberment of the shield basement. The degree of metamorphism of the complexes has not been taken into account for a long ago when compiling official stratigraphic schemes of the Precambrian of the Ukrainian Shield, in which isotope dating plays a leading role. This led, according to many geologists, to distortions in the schemes of the real stratigraphy of the basement of the region. The authors of the article believe that the degree of metamorphism can still be used in the development of the stratigraphy of the Ukrainian Shield and, above all, in the stratigraphic study of individual megablocks. The possibility of such use of metamorphism is considered in the cycle of publications in which this is the first article. The article presents the characteristics of stratigraphy and metamorphism of all megablocks of the Ukrainian Shield. In the structure of the megablocks of the Ukrainian Shield, as well as all the shields of ancient platforms, the following stratigenic metamorphic complexes of the Lower Precambrian have been established, differing in the type and degree of metamorphism: a) granulite-gneiss, b) amphibolite-gneiss, c) greenstone (metavolcanogenic), d) ferruginoussiliceous- shale (metavolcanogenic-chemogenic-terrigenous), e) gneiss-shale (metacarbonate-terrigenous). It has been established that in all megablocks granulite-gneiss complexes are represented and are the most ancient, and all younger complexes are always less metamorphosed than the previous ones. Thus, the relationship between the degree of metamorphism and relative age in individual megablocks is preserved, but this feature cannot be extended to the entire shield. Coeval complexes of neighboring megablocks may have different degrees of metamorphism, and younger complexes of one of the megablocks are sometimes more intensely metamorphosed than older ones in the neighboring megablock. Стратиграфічні підрозділи нижнього докембрію представлені винятково різними метаморфічними комплексами. Саме тому стратиграфічне розчленування нижнього докембрію від самого початку було нерозривно пов’язане з вивченням метаморфізму. Певний час метаморфізм навіть використовувався як ознака відносного віку стратигенних метаморфічних комплексів за принципом «чим вищий ступінь метаморфізму, тим давніший комп- лекс». Високотемпературні комплекси гранулітової та амфіболітової фацій відносили до архею, а менш метаморфізовані – до протерозою. Однак вже на початку широкого застосування методів ізотопного датування метаморфічних комплексів щитів найдавніші визначення віку отримано зі слабко метаморфізованих комплексів. Після цього ступінь метаморфізму не брали до уваги під час стратиграфічного розчленування фундаменту щитів. Ступінь метаморфізму комплексів вже давно не враховується і під час складання офіційних стратиграфічних схем докембрію Українського щита, в яких провідну роль відіграє ізотопне датування. Це призвело, на думку багатьох геологів, до спотворень у схемах реальної стратиграфії фундаменту регіону. Автори статті вважають, що ступінь метаморфізму все ж таки може бути використаний у процесі розробки стратиграфії Українського щита, насамперед під час стратиграфічного вивчення окремих мегаблоків. Можливість такого застосування метаморфізму розглянуто у циклі публікацій, яку розпочинає ця стаття. У ній наведено характеристику стратиграфії та метаморфізму всіх мегаблоків Українського щита. У будові мегаблоків Українського щита, як і всіх щитів давніх платформ, визначено такі стратигенні метаморфічні комплекси нижнього докембрію, які відрізняються типом та ступенем метаморфізму: а) грануліто-гнейсові, б) амфіболіто-гнейсові, в) зеленокам’яні (метавулканогенні), г) залізисто-кременисто-сланцеві (метавулканогенно-хемогенно-теригенні), д) гнейсо-сланцеві (метакарбонатно-теригенні). Визначено, що у всіх мегаблоках представлені та є найдавнішими грануліто-гнейсові комплекси, а молодші комплекси завжди слабше метаморфізовані за попередні. Отже, зв’язок ступеня метаморфізму та відносного віку в окремих мегаблоках зберігається, проте ця ознака не може поширюватися на весь щит. Одновікові комплекси сусідніх мегаблоків можуть мати різний ступінь метаморфізму, при цьому молодші комплекси одного з мегаблоків інколи інтенсивніше метаморфізовані за давніші в сусідньому мегаблоці.

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    Authors: Romanenkova Yuliia;

    The purpose of the article is to study the main trends in the use of paragon pearls in the jewellery manufacture of Western European countries, starting from the 16th century. Methods. The main scientific research methods include historical, chronological, complex, and comparative methods of art studies analysis to fully and thoroughly cover the phenomenon of the use of paragons in the jewellery art of the post-Renaissance era in the leading countries of Western Europe. Results. Since the end of the 15th century, pearls were among the most popular materials used by jewellers in England, Italy, Germany, Flanders, and France to create products both from the category of personal jewellery of various types and for decorating, for example, interior jewellery compositions. The article provides reasons for the popularity of baroque pearls, paragon pearls, and stylistic characteristics of products of the 16th century, inherited in later times as well. The article describes a number of the most characteristic examples of various types of products using paragons during the Renaissance and Mannerism, primarily pendants; later, fantasy compositions were increasingly added to them, and paperweights became popular. The article highlights the popularity of the 16th-century products in the 19th century, and the spread of Renaissance works modified in the 19th century – due to the high demand, Renaissance jewellery was decorated with additional details in the 19th century and this gave them a new life. New 19th-century products with paragons in the style of the Renaissance are also analysed. The principle motifs of the decoration of products using paragons, as well as stylistic features of certain products of the time, are revealed. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the fact that in a large number of domestic art studies works there is a lack of those devoted to the jewellery art of Western Europe of the given era in general, and, in particular, there are no works that separately highlight the phenomenon of products using paragons, although this was one of the most popular phenomena in the world of jewellery of that period.

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    The purpose of the article is to study the main trends in the use of paragon pearls in the jewellery manufacture of Western European countries, starting from the 16th century. Methods. The main scientific research methods include historical, chronological, complex, and comparative methods of art studies analysis to fully and thoroughly cover the phenomenon of the use of paragons in the jewellery art of the post-Renaissance era in the leading countries of Western Europe. Results. Since the end of the 15th century, pearls were among the most popular materials used by jewellers in England, Italy, Germany, Flanders, and France to create products both from the category of personal jewellery of various types and for decorating, for example, interior jewellery compositions. The article provides reasons for the popularity of baroque pearls, paragon pearls, and stylistic characteristics of products of the 16th century, inherited in later times as well. The article describes a number of the most characteristic examples of various types of products using paragons during the Renaissance and Mannerism, primarily pendants; later, fantasy compositions were increasingly added to them, and paperweights became popular. The article highlights the popularity of the 16th-century products in the 19th century, and the spread of Renaissance works modified in the 19th century – due to the high demand, Renaissance jewellery was decorated with additional details in the 19th century and this gave them a new life. New 19th-century products with paragons in the style of the Renaissance are also analysed. The principle motifs of the decoration of products using paragons, as well as stylistic features of certain products of the time, are revealed. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the fact that in a large number of domestic art studies works there is a lack of those devoted to the jewellery art of Western Europe of the given era in general, and, in particular, there are no works that separately highlight the phenomenon of products using paragons, although this was one of the most popular phenomena in the world of jewellery of that period. Мета статті – дослідити основні тенденції застосування перлів-парагонів у виготовленні ювелірних виробів держав Західної Європи, починаючи з XVI ст. Методи дослідження. До основних методів ведення наукового пошуку в цій розвідці належать історичний, хронологічний, комплексний, компаративний методи мистецтвознавчого аналізу з метою максимально повного, ґрунтовного висвітлення феномену використання парагонів у ювелірному мистецтві постренесансової доби на теренах провідних держав Західної Європи. Результати. Починаючи з кінця XV ст., перли належали до найпопулярніших матеріалів, якими користувалися ювеліри Англії, Італії, Німеччини, Фландрії, Франції для створення виробів як із категорії особистих прикрас різних типів, так і для декорування, наприклад, інтер’єрних ювелірних композицій. Наведено причини популярності барокових перлів, перлів-парагонів, стилістичні характеристики виробів XVI ст., успадковані і в пізніші часи. Подано аналіз низки найхарактерніших прикладів різних типів виробів із використанням парагонів за часів Ренесансу та маньєризму, передусім – підвісок; згодом до них усе частіше додавалися фантазійні композиції, стає популярним прес-пап’є. Акцентовано популярність виробів XVI ст. у ХІХ ст., поширення змінених у ХІХ ст. ренесансових творів завдяки доповненням – через великий попит прикраси доби Відродження прикрашали додатковими деталями у ХІХ ст. та давали їм нове життя. Проаналізовано також і нові вироби з парагонами у ХІХ ст. у стилістиці доби Ренесансу. Виявлено провідні мотиви декору виробів із використанням парагонів, а також і стилістичні ознаки певних виробів доби. Наукова новизна статті визначається тим, що в масиві вітчизняних мистецтвознавчих розвідок обмаль праць, присвячених ювелірному мистецтву Західної Європи означеної доби загалом, і ,зокрема, відсутні роботи, що окремо висвітлюють феномен виробів із використанням парагонів, хоча це було одним із найпопулярніших явищ у ювелірному світі того періоду.

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    Authors: Poplavska Myroslava;

    The purpose of the research is to consider the modern developments of foreign scholars and analyse the issues they raise in connection with the international legal protection of cultural heritage during the armed conflict. The research methodology is based, firstly, on the principles of historiographical analysis and synthesis, which provide the possibility of the critical consideration of the work of scholars allowing us to compare the results obtained and establish the completeness of the study of the topic, and, secondly, on the system and structural approach, which makes it possible to present the subject of the international legal protection of cultural values in the scholars’ works in the form of a complex of related and interrelated problems that need to be solved. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that within the framework of the article for the first time the modern research and approaches of foreign scholars in the field of the international legal protection of cultural heritage during the armed conflict are analysed. Conclusions. The article demonstrates that the protection of cultural heritage during armed conflicts is a relevant and important field of research in the 21st century. It is proved that the change in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the threat to cultural heritage in connection with the scale of destruction and illegal trade of the cultural values committed by terrorist groups and countries recently directs research interest in the direction of studying the work of the UN Security Council and UNESCO, in-depth analysis of international law doctrines, improvement of the legislative framework in terms of protecting intangible heritage during wars and armed conflicts and individual criminal responsibility, post-conflict cultural heritage reconstruction, etc.

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    The purpose of the research is to consider the modern developments of foreign scholars and analyse the issues they raise in connection with the international legal protection of cultural heritage during the armed conflict. The research methodology is based, firstly, on the principles of historiographical analysis and synthesis, which provide the possibility of the critical consideration of the work of scholars allowing us to compare the results obtained and establish the completeness of the study of the topic, and, secondly, on the system and structural approach, which makes it possible to present the subject of the international legal protection of cultural values in the scholars’ works in the form of a complex of related and interrelated problems that need to be solved. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that within the framework of the article for the first time the modern research and approaches of foreign scholars in the field of the international legal protection of cultural heritage during the armed conflict are analysed. Conclusions. The article demonstrates that the protection of cultural heritage during armed conflicts is a relevant and important field of research in the 21st century. It is proved that the change in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the threat to cultural heritage in connection with the scale of destruction and illegal trade of the cultural values committed by terrorist groups and countries recently directs research interest in the direction of studying the work of the UN Security Council and UNESCO, in-depth analysis of international law doctrines, improvement of the legislative framework in terms of protecting intangible heritage during wars and armed conflicts and individual criminal responsibility, post-conflict cultural heritage reconstruction, etc. Мета дослідження – розгляд сучасних напрацювань зарубіжних вчених й аналіз проблем, які в них піднімаються, у зв’язку з міжнародно-правовим захистом культурної спадщини під час збройного конфлікту. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується, по-перше, на принципах історіографічного аналізу та синтезу, які забезпечують можливість критичного розгляду наукового доробку вчених, дозволяючи порівняти отримані ними результати і встановити повноту вивчення теми, по-друге, на системно-структурному підході, який дає змогу представити тематику міжнародно-правового захисту культурних цінностей у працях вчених у вигляді комплексу пов’язаних та взаємообумовлених проблем, що потребують вирішення. Результати і висновки. Продемонстровано, що захист культурної спадщини під час збройних конфліктів є актуальною та важливою сферою дослідження у ХХІ столітті. Доведено, що зміна кількісно-якісних показників загрози, які постали перед культурною спадщиною у зв’язку із масштабами руйнування та незаконної торгівлі культурними цінностями, вчиненої терористичними групами і країнами останнім часом, спрямовує дослідницький інтерес у напрямку вивчення роботи Ради Безпеки ООН та ЮНЕСКО, поглибленого аналізу доктрин міжнародного права, удосконалення законодавчої бази в частині захисту саме нематеріальної спадщини під час війн і збройних конфліктів та індивідуальної кримінальної відповідальності, постконфліктної реконструкції культурної спадщини та ін. Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що в рамках статті вперше проаналізовані сучасні дослідження і підходи зарубіжних вчених у галузі міжнародно-правового захисту культурної спадщини під час збройного конфлікту.

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    Authors: Vorozheikin Yevhen;

    The purpose of the article is to explore the possibilities of interaction between cultural studies and digital humanities to understand the vectors of further development of both fields in the context of studying issues actualised by digital culture. The research methodology involves the use of such general scientific methods as analysis and synthesis. The method of analysis is used to determine the features and potential of digital humanities and cultural studies, and the synthesis method is used to establish links between these disciplines within possible variations of cooperation and mutual enrichment. The significance of the work is the identification of common interests and several ways of practical interaction between digital humanities and cultural studies. The scientific novelty of the work is to identify common interests and ways of practical interaction between digital humanities and cultural studies. Conclusions. It is noted that digital humanities is an interdisciplinary field that aims to combine the humanities with new technologies and computational methods. Based on the analysis of tools and activities of digital humanities and conceptual approaches in the field of cultural studies, the following interaction options are identified and analysed: research of social networks, application of the distant reading method using the Voyant Tools programme to determine cultural regularities within one text or between several texts, visual research using the method of cultural analytics by L. Manovich, digitisation of cultural heritage, popularisation of cultural studies through the use of modern multimedia forms of information presentation. Among modern multimedia forms, special attention is paid to the possibilities of audiovisual essays. It is noted that cultural studies can supplement the technical toolkit of digital humanities with an expert assessment of cultural processes caused by new digital technologies.

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    The purpose of the article is to verify the utilitarianism of Alfred Barr’s concept of the chronological frames of museumification of modern art for the formation of a potential collection of the Ukrainian Museum of Modern Art. Research methodology. The following methods are used: skeptical empiricism, extrapolation, deductive logic, and scientific criticism. Scientific novelty. The article is the first attempt to adapt the MoMA’s conceptual experience to solving the problem of defining the chronological frames of a potential collection of the Ukrainian Museum of Modern Art. Despite the lack of coincidence of cultural and historical contexts, A. Barr’s chronological concept can be considered as an initial hypothetical framework for the development of a temporal coordinate system for the museumification process. Formally, the process of circumscription of chronological boundaries can be presented as follows: M is the year of the beginning of museumification; R is the reference chronological point of the museum object. R = M-8. T — Barr’s “torpedo” — is the period of the object of museumification. T(x) [tail] = R-75. T(h) [head] = R+25. T = T(x) + T (h). The torpedo “movement” phase = T+25 if M+8. Conclusions. The approach using two chronological tracks is due to the fact that the “torpedo” must be in permanent motion on the way to the future. Every eight years from the beginning of museumification, the chronology of the object of museumification is pushed forward by twenty-five years. Taking into account the similarities in the work of museum institutes around the world, A. Barr’s formula is relevant to modern Ukrainian realities. Given 2022 (although the creation of the Museum of Modern Art this year is unlikely), the following chronological sequence can be proposed: 1939 – 1964 – 1989 – 2014 – 2039. Each of the above dates, except for the last one, is significant for Ukraine, Europe, and sometimes the world as a whole, and also affects artistic culture. Мета дослідження — верифікувати утилітарність концепції Альфреда Барра про хронологічні межі музеєфікації сучасного мистецтва для формування потенційної колекції Українського музею сучасного мистецтва. Методи. Застосовано такі методи: скептичний емпіризм, екстраполяцію, дедуктивну логіку, науковий критицизм. Наукова новизна. Уперше здійснено спробу адаптації концептуального досвіду МoМА до розв’язання проблеми визначення хронологічних меж потенційного зібрання Українського музею сучасного мистецтва. Попри відсутність збігів культурно-історичних контекстів хронологічну концепцію А. Барра можна розглядати як початковий гіпотетичний каркас для розробки темпоральної системи координат під час музеєфікації. Формально процес визначення хронологічних меж можна подати так: М — рік початку музеєфікації; R — реперна хронологічна точка предмета музеєфікації. R = M-8. T — баррівська «торпеда» — період предмета музеєфікації. T(х) [хвіст] = R-75. T(г) [голова] = R + 25. Т = Т(х) + Т(г). Фаза «руху торпеди» = T + 25, якщо M + 8. Висновки. Підхід з використанням двох хронологічних треків обумовлено тим, що «торпеда» має перебувати в перманентному русі на шляху до майбутнього. Кожні вісім років від початку музеєфікації хронологія предмета музеєфікації відсувається на двадцять п’ять років уперед. Отже, допустимою є екстраполяція формули А. Барра на сучасні українські реалії з урахуванням подібності в роботі музейних інститутів по всьому світу. З огляду на 2022 р. (хоча створення музею сучасного мистецтва в цьому році є малоймовірним) можна запропонувати таку хронологічну послідовність: 1939 р. – 1964 р. – 1989 р. – 2014 р. – 2039 р. Кожна з наведених дат, крім останньої, є знаковою для України, Європи, а подекуди й світу в цілому, а також впливає на художню культуру.

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    Authors: Osiievska Yuliia;

    The purpose of the article is to analyse the current situation with the cultural heritage in Kirovohrad Oblast and reveal the possible problems connected with their further updating from the point of peculiarities of historical-cultural landscape of the region. The research methodology is based, firstly, on the dialogue paradigm according to which the dialogue appears as the important mechanism of the culture-forming function of cultural heritage and as an effective mechanism of contemporary culture and society development, secondly, on the cultural approach that makes it possible to reveal a heuristic potential of the regional cultural heritage as the object of project activity and, thirdly, on the methods of analysis and data systematisation that have helped to explain and understand the historical-cultural context and current situation with heritage objects. Scientific novelty. In the article, for the first time, the cultural heritage of Kirovohrad Oblast as the subject of research is considered as an assets and resource of socio-cultural region development on the modern stage and also connected with that updating issues. Conclusions. The author has proved that within innovative projects of integration of cultural heritage in current socio-cultural contexts of Ukraine that take place in many cities, Kirovohrad Oblast is still poorly represented in terms of attracting the objects of cultural heritage to various projects of socio-cultural development of territories. It is proved that among the main problems which prevent its realisation and “revitalisation” in new conditions, can be highlighted the following: slow objects’ certification; lack of funding; unsatisfactory condition of roads; underdevelopment of recreational and tourist infrastructure; deterioration of the social situation due to the war; low level of infrastructure development of the service market, information and popularisation among the population of European countries; lack of results of the assessment of the historical and cultural potential of the region, project and programme (creative clusters) support and scientific and methodological justification for the modernisation of cultural heritage, etc.

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    Authors: Rudenko Serhii; Prokudina Kateryna;

    The purpose of the article is to verify the utilitarianism of Alfred Barr’s concept of the chronological frames of museumification of modern art for the formation of a potential collection of the Ukrainian Museum of Modern Art. Research methodology. The following methods are used: skeptical empiricism, extrapolation, deductive logic, and scientific criticism. Scientific novelty. The article is the first attempt to adapt the MoMA’s conceptual experience to solving the problem of defining the chronological frames of a potential collection of the Ukrainian Museum of Modern Art. Despite the lack of coincidence of cultural and historical contexts, A. Barr’s chronological concept can be considered as an initial hypothetical framework for the development of a temporal coordinate system for the museumification process. Formally, the process of circumscription of chronological boundaries can be presented as follows: M is the year of the beginning of museumification; R is the reference chronological point of the museum object. R = M-8. T — Barr’s “torpedo” — is the period of the object of museumification. T(x) [tail] = R-75. T(h) [head] = R+25. T = T(x) + T (h). The torpedo “movement” phase = T+25 if M+8. Conclusions. The approach using two chronological tracks is due to the fact that the “torpedo” must be in permanent motion on the way to the future. Every eight years from the beginning of museumification, the chronology of the object of museumification is pushed forward by twenty-five years. Taking into account the similarities in the work of museum institutes around the world, A. Barr’s formula is relevant to modern Ukrainian realities. Given 2022 (although the creation of the Museum of Modern Art this year is unlikely), the following chronological sequence can be proposed: 1939 – 1964 – 1989 – 2014 – 2039. Each of the above dates, except for the last one, is significant for Ukraine, Europe, and sometimes the world as a whole, and also affects artistic culture.

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    The purpose of the article is to analyse the current situation with the cultural heritage in Kirovohrad Oblast and reveal the possible problems connected with their further updating from the point of peculiarities of historical-cultural landscape of the region. The research methodology is based, firstly, on the dialogue paradigm according to which the dialogue appears as the important mechanism of the culture-forming function of cultural heritage and as an effective mechanism of contemporary culture and society development, secondly, on the cultural approach that makes it possible to reveal a heuristic potential of the regional cultural heritage as the object of project activity and, thirdly, on the methods of analysis and data systematisation that have helped to explain and understand the historical-cultural context and current situation with heritage objects. Scientific novelty. In the article, for the first time, the cultural heritage of Kirovohrad Oblast as the subject of research is considered as an assets and resource of socio-cultural region development on the modern stage and also connected with that updating issues. Conclusions. The author has proved that within innovative projects of integration of cultural heritage in current socio-cultural contexts of Ukraine that take place in many cities, Kirovohrad Oblast is still poorly represented in terms of attracting the objects of cultural heritage to various projects of socio-cultural development of territories. It is proved that among the main problems which prevent its realisation and “revitalisation” in new conditions, can be highlighted the following: slow objects’ certification; lack of funding; unsatisfactory condition of roads; underdevelopment of recreational and tourist infrastructure; deterioration of the social situation due to the war; low level of infrastructure development of the service market, information and popularisation among the population of European countries; lack of results of the assessment of the historical and cultural potential of the region, project and programme (creative clusters) support and scientific and methodological justification for the modernisation of cultural heritage, etc. Мета статті — проаналізувати сучасний стан культурної спадщини на Кіровоградщині та виявити можливі проблеми, пов’язані з її подальшою актуалізацією з огляду на особливості історико-культурного ландшафту області. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на діалогічній парадигмі, згідно з якою діалог є важливим механізмом реалізації культуротворчої функції культурної спадщини та ефективним компонентом розвитку сучасної культури й соціуму; культурологічному підході, що дав змогу виявити евристичний потенціал культурної спадщини області як об’єкта проєктної діяльності; методах аналізу і систематизації даних, які допомогли роз’яснити й зрозуміти історико-культурний контекст і сучасний стан об’єктів спадщини. Наукова новизна. У статті вперше розглянуто культурну спадщину Кіровоградщини як актив і ресурс соціокультурного розвитку області на сучасному етапі, а також пов’язані з цим проблеми її актуалізації. Висновки. Виявлено, що на фоні реалізації інноваційних проєктів інтеграції культурної спадщини в багатьох містах у сучасний соціокультурний контекст України, Кіровоградщина поки що зостається слабо представленою в плані залучення об’єктів культурної спадщини до різних проєктів соціокультурного розвитку територій. Доведено, що серед основних проблем, які стоять на заваді її актуалізації та ревіталізації у новітніх умовах, можна виділити наступні: повільна паспортизація об’єктів; нестача фінансування; незадовільний стан автомобільних доріг; нерозвиненість об’єктів рекреаційно- туристичної інфраструктури; погіршення соціальної ситуації через війну; низький рівень розвитку інфраструктури ринку послуг, інформатизації та популяризації серед населення європейських країн; відсутність результатів оцінювання історико-культурного потенціалу області, проєктно-програмного (креативні кластери) супроводу та науково-методичного обґрунтування модернізації культурної спадщини тощо.

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    Stratigraphic complexes of the Lower Precambrian are everywhere metamorphosed. That is why the stratigraphic dismemberment of the Lower Precambrian has always been inextricably linked with the study of metamorphism. For some time, metamorphism was even used as a sign of the relative age of stratigenic metamorphic complexes according to the principle – “the higher the degree of metamorphism, the older the complex”. The high-temperature complexes of granulite and amphibolite facies belonged to the Archean, while the less metamorphosed complexes belonged to the Proterozoic. But already at the beginning of the widespread use of methods of isotope dating of metamorphic shield complexes, the most ancient age determinations were obtained from weakly metamorphosed complexes. After that, the degree of metamorphism was no longer taken into account in the stratigraphic dismemberment of the shield basement. The degree of metamorphism of the complexes has not been taken into account for a long ago when compiling official stratigraphic schemes of the Precambrian of the Ukrainian Shield, in which isotope dating plays a leading role. This led, according to many geologists, to distortions in the schemes of the real stratigraphy of the basement of the region. The authors of the article believe that the degree of metamorphism can still be used in the development of the stratigraphy of the Ukrainian Shield and, above all, in the stratigraphic study of individual megablocks. The possibility of such use of metamorphism is considered in the cycle of publications in which this is the first article. The article presents the characteristics of stratigraphy and metamorphism of all megablocks of the Ukrainian Shield. In the structure of the megablocks of the Ukrainian Shield, as well as all the shields of ancient platforms, the following stratigenic metamorphic complexes of the Lower Precambrian have been established, differing in the type and degree of metamorphism: a) granulite-gneiss, b) amphibolite-gneiss, c) greenstone (metavolcanogenic), d) ferruginoussiliceous- shale (metavolcanogenic-chemogenic-terrigenous), e) gneiss-shale (metacarbonate-terrigenous). It has been established that in all megablocks granulite-gneiss complexes are represented and are the most ancient, and all younger complexes are always less metamorphosed than the previous ones. Thus, the relationship between the degree of metamorphism and relative age in individual megablocks is preserved, but this feature cannot be extended to the entire shield. Coeval complexes of neighboring megablocks may have different degrees of metamorphism, and younger complexes of one of the megablocks are sometimes more intensely metamorphosed than older ones in the neighboring megablock. Стратиграфічні підрозділи нижнього докембрію представлені винятково різними метаморфічними комплексами. Саме тому стратиграфічне розчленування нижнього докембрію від самого початку було нерозривно пов’язане з вивченням метаморфізму. Певний час метаморфізм навіть використовувався як ознака відносного віку стратигенних метаморфічних комплексів за принципом «чим вищий ступінь метаморфізму, тим давніший комп- лекс». Високотемпературні комплекси гранулітової та амфіболітової фацій відносили до архею, а менш метаморфізовані – до протерозою. Однак вже на початку широкого застосування методів ізотопного датування метаморфічних комплексів щитів найдавніші визначення віку отримано зі слабко метаморфізованих комплексів. Після цього ступінь метаморфізму не брали до уваги під час стратиграфічного розчленування фундаменту щитів. Ступінь метаморфізму комплексів вже давно не враховується і під час складання офіційних стратиграфічних схем докембрію Українського щита, в яких провідну роль відіграє ізотопне датування. Це призвело, на думку багатьох геологів, до спотворень у схемах реальної стратиграфії фундаменту регіону. Автори статті вважають, що ступінь метаморфізму все ж таки може бути використаний у процесі розробки стратиграфії Українського щита, насамперед під час стратиграфічного вивчення окремих мегаблоків. Можливість такого застосування метаморфізму розглянуто у циклі публікацій, яку розпочинає ця стаття. У ній наведено характеристику стратиграфії та метаморфізму всіх мегаблоків Українського щита. У будові мегаблоків Українського щита, як і всіх щитів давніх платформ, визначено такі стратигенні метаморфічні комплекси нижнього докембрію, які відрізняються типом та ступенем метаморфізму: а) грануліто-гнейсові, б) амфіболіто-гнейсові, в) зеленокам’яні (метавулканогенні), г) залізисто-кременисто-сланцеві (метавулканогенно-хемогенно-теригенні), д) гнейсо-сланцеві (метакарбонатно-теригенні). Визначено, що у всіх мегаблоках представлені та є найдавнішими грануліто-гнейсові комплекси, а молодші комплекси завжди слабше метаморфізовані за попередні. Отже, зв’язок ступеня метаморфізму та відносного віку в окремих мегаблоках зберігається, проте ця ознака не може поширюватися на весь щит. Одновікові комплекси сусідніх мегаблоків можуть мати різний ступінь метаморфізму, при цьому молодші комплекси одного з мегаблоків інколи інтенсивніше метаморфізовані за давніші в сусідньому мегаблоці.

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    Authors: Romanenkova Yuliia;

    The purpose of the article is to study the main trends in the use of paragon pearls in the jewellery manufacture of Western European countries, starting from the 16th century. Methods. The main scientific research methods include historical, chronological, complex, and comparative methods of art studies analysis to fully and thoroughly cover the phenomenon of the use of paragons in the jewellery art of the post-Renaissance era in the leading countries of Western Europe. Results. Since the end of the 15th century, pearls were among the most popular materials used by jewellers in England, Italy, Germany, Flanders, and France to create products both from the category of personal jewellery of various types and for decorating, for example, interior jewellery compositions. The article provides reasons for the popularity of baroque pearls, paragon pearls, and stylistic characteristics of products of the 16th century, inherited in later times as well. The article describes a number of the most characteristic examples of various types of products using paragons during the Renaissance and Mannerism, primarily pendants; later, fantasy compositions were increasingly added to them, and paperweights became popular. The article highlights the popularity of the 16th-century products in the 19th century, and the spread of Renaissance works modified in the 19th century – due to the high demand, Renaissance jewellery was decorated with additional details in the 19th century and this gave them a new life. New 19th-century products with paragons in the style of the Renaissance are also analysed. The principle motifs of the decoration of products using paragons, as well as stylistic features of certain products of the time, are revealed. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the fact that in a large number of domestic art studies works there is a lack of those devoted to the jewellery art of Western Europe of the given era in general, and, in particular, there are no works that separately highlight the phenomenon of products using paragons, although this was one of the most popular phenomena in the world of jewellery of that period.

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    The purpose of the article is to study the main trends in the use of paragon pearls in the jewellery manufacture of Western European countries, starting from the 16th century. Methods. The main scientific research methods include historical, chronological, complex, and comparative methods of art studies analysis to fully and thoroughly cover the phenomenon of the use of paragons in the jewellery art of the post-Renaissance era in the leading countries of Western Europe. Results. Since the end of the 15th century, pearls were among the most popular materials used by jewellers in England, Italy, Germany, Flanders, and France to create products both from the category of personal jewellery of various types and for decorating, for example, interior jewellery compositions. The article provides reasons for the popularity of baroque pearls, paragon pearls, and stylistic characteristics of products of the 16th century, inherited in later times as well. The article describes a number of the most characteristic examples of various types of products using paragons during the Renaissance and Mannerism, primarily pendants; later, fantasy compositions were increasingly added to them, and paperweights became popular. The article highlights the popularity of the 16th-century products in the 19th century, and the spread of Renaissance works modified in the 19th century – due to the high demand, Renaissance jewellery was decorated with additional details in the 19th century and this gave them a new life. New 19th-century products with paragons in the style of the Renaissance are also analysed. The principle motifs of the decoration of products using paragons, as well as stylistic features of certain products of the time, are revealed. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the fact that in a large number of domestic art studies works there is a lack of those devoted to the jewellery art of Western Europe of the given era in general, and, in particular, there are no works that separately highlight the phenomenon of products using paragons, although this was one of the most popular phenomena in the world of jewellery of that period. Мета статті – дослідити основні тенденції застосування перлів-парагонів у виготовленні ювелірних виробів держав Західної Європи, починаючи з XVI ст. Методи дослідження. До основних методів ведення наукового пошуку в цій розвідці належать історичний, хронологічний, комплексний, компаративний методи мистецтвознавчого аналізу з метою максимально повного, ґрунтовного висвітлення феномену використання парагонів у ювелірному мистецтві постренесансової доби на теренах провідних держав Західної Європи. Результати. Починаючи з кінця XV ст., перли належали до найпопулярніших матеріалів, якими користувалися ювеліри Англії, Італії, Німеччини, Фландрії, Франції для створення виробів як із категорії особистих прикрас різних типів, так і для декорування, наприклад, інтер’єрних ювелірних композицій. Наведено причини популярності барокових перлів, перлів-парагонів, стилістичні характеристики виробів XVI ст., успадковані і в пізніші часи. Подано аналіз низки найхарактерніших прикладів різних типів виробів із використанням парагонів за часів Ренесансу та маньєризму, передусім – підвісок; згодом до них усе частіше додавалися фантазійні композиції, стає популярним прес-пап’є. Акцентовано популярність виробів XVI ст. у ХІХ ст., поширення змінених у ХІХ ст. ренесансових творів завдяки доповненням – через великий попит прикраси доби Відродження прикрашали додатковими деталями у ХІХ ст. та давали їм нове життя. Проаналізовано також і нові вироби з парагонами у ХІХ ст. у стилістиці доби Ренесансу. Виявлено провідні мотиви декору виробів із використанням парагонів, а також і стилістичні ознаки певних виробів доби. Наукова новизна статті визначається тим, що в масиві вітчизняних мистецтвознавчих розвідок обмаль праць, присвячених ювелірному мистецтву Західної Європи означеної доби загалом, і ,зокрема, відсутні роботи, що окремо висвітлюють феномен виробів із використанням парагонів, хоча це було одним із найпопулярніших явищ у ювелірному світі того періоду.

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    Authors: Poplavska Myroslava;

    The purpose of the research is to consider the modern developments of foreign scholars and analyse the issues they raise in connection with the international legal protection of cultural heritage during the armed conflict. The research methodology is based, firstly, on the principles of historiographical analysis and synthesis, which provide the possibility of the critical consideration of the work of scholars allowing us to compare the results obtained and establish the completeness of the study of the topic, and, secondly, on the system and structural approach, which makes it possible to present the subject of the international legal protection of cultural values in the scholars’ works in the form of a complex of related and interrelated problems that need to be solved. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that within the framework of the article for the first time the modern research and approaches of foreign scholars in the field of the international legal protection of cultural heritage during the armed conflict are analysed. Conclusions. The article demonstrates that the protection of cultural heritage during armed conflicts is a relevant and important field of research in the 21st century. It is proved that the change in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the threat to cultural heritage in connection with the scale of destruction and illegal trade of the cultural values committed by terrorist groups and countries recently directs research interest in the direction of studying the work of the UN Security Council and UNESCO, in-depth analysis of international law doctrines, improvement of the legislative framework in terms of protecting intangible heritage during wars and armed conflicts and individual criminal responsibility, post-conflict cultural heritage reconstruction, etc.

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    The purpose of the research is to consider the modern developments of foreign scholars and analyse the issues they raise in connection with the international legal protection of cultural heritage during the armed conflict. The research methodology is based, firstly, on the principles of historiographical analysis and synthesis, which provide the possibility of the critical consideration of the work of scholars allowing us to compare the results obtained and establish the completeness of the study of the topic, and, secondly, on the system and structural approach, which makes it possible to present the subject of the international legal protection of cultural values in the scholars’ works in the form of a complex of related and interrelated problems that need to be solved. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that within the framework of the article for the first time the modern research and approaches of foreign scholars in the field of the international legal protection of cultural heritage during the armed conflict are analysed. Conclusions. The article demonstrates that the protection of cultural heritage during armed conflicts is a relevant and important field of research in the 21st century. It is proved that the change in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the threat to cultural heritage in connection with the scale of destruction and illegal trade of the cultural values committed by terrorist groups and countries recently directs research interest in the direction of studying the work of the UN Security Council and UNESCO, in-depth analysis of international law doctrines, improvement of the legislative framework in terms of protecting intangible heritage during wars and armed conflicts and individual criminal responsibility, post-conflict cultural heritage reconstruction, etc. Мета дослідження – розгляд сучасних напрацювань зарубіжних вчених й аналіз проблем, які в них піднімаються, у зв’язку з міжнародно-правовим захистом культурної спадщини під час збройного конфлікту. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується, по-перше, на принципах історіографічного аналізу та синтезу, які забезпечують можливість критичного розгляду наукового доробку вчених, дозволяючи порівняти отримані ними результати і встановити повноту вивчення теми, по-друге, на системно-структурному підході, який дає змогу представити тематику міжнародно-правового захисту культурних цінностей у працях вчених у вигляді комплексу пов’язаних та взаємообумовлених проблем, що потребують вирішення. Результати і висновки. Продемонстровано, що захист культурної спадщини під час збройних конфліктів є актуальною та важливою сферою дослідження у ХХІ столітті. Доведено, що зміна кількісно-якісних показників загрози, які постали перед культурною спадщиною у зв’язку із масштабами руйнування та незаконної торгівлі культурними цінностями, вчиненої терористичними групами і країнами останнім часом, спрямовує дослідницький інтерес у напрямку вивчення роботи Ради Безпеки ООН та ЮНЕСКО, поглибленого аналізу доктрин міжнародного права, удосконалення законодавчої бази в частині захисту саме нематеріальної спадщини під час війн і збройних конфліктів та індивідуальної кримінальної відповідальності, постконфліктної реконструкції культурної спадщини та ін. Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що в рамках статті вперше проаналізовані сучасні дослідження і підходи зарубіжних вчених у галузі міжнародно-правового захисту культурної спадщини під час збройного конфлікту.

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    Authors: Vorozheikin Yevhen;

    The purpose of the article is to explore the possibilities of interaction between cultural studies and digital humanities to understand the vectors of further development of both fields in the context of studying issues actualised by digital culture. The research methodology involves the use of such general scientific methods as analysis and synthesis. The method of analysis is used to determine the features and potential of digital humanities and cultural studies, and the synthesis method is used to establish links between these disciplines within possible variations of cooperation and mutual enrichment. The significance of the work is the identification of common interests and several ways of practical interaction between digital humanities and cultural studies. The scientific novelty of the work is to identify common interests and ways of practical interaction between digital humanities and cultural studies. Conclusions. It is noted that digital humanities is an interdisciplinary field that aims to combine the humanities with new technologies and computational methods. Based on the analysis of tools and activities of digital humanities and conceptual approaches in the field of cultural studies, the following interaction options are identified and analysed: research of social networks, application of the distant reading method using the Voyant Tools programme to determine cultural regularities within one text or between several texts, visual research using the method of cultural analytics by L. Manovich, digitisation of cultural heritage, popularisation of cultural studies through the use of modern multimedia forms of information presentation. Among modern multimedia forms, special attention is paid to the possibilities of audiovisual essays. It is noted that cultural studies can supplement the technical toolkit of digital humanities with an expert assessment of cultural processes caused by new digital technologies.

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    The purpose of the article is to verify the utilitarianism of Alfred Barr’s concept of the chronological frames of museumification of modern art for the formation of a potential collection of the Ukrainian Museum of Modern Art. Research methodology. The following methods are used: skeptical empiricism, extrapolation, deductive logic, and scientific criticism. Scientific novelty. The article is the first attempt to adapt the MoMA’s conceptual experience to solving the problem of defining the chronological frames of a potential collection of the Ukrainian Museum of Modern Art. Despite the lack of coincidence of cultural and historical contexts, A. Barr’s chronological concept can be considered as an initial hypothetical framework for the development of a temporal coordinate system for the museumification process. Formally, the process of circumscription of chronological boundaries can be presented as follows: M is the year of the beginning of museumification; R is the reference chronological point of the museum object. R = M-8. T — Barr’s “torpedo” — is the period of the object of museumification. T(x) [tail] = R-75. T(h) [head] = R+25. T = T(x) + T (h). The torpedo “movement” phase = T+25 if M+8. Conclusions. The approach using two chronological tracks is due to the fact that the “torpedo” must be in permanent motion on the way to the future. Every eight years from the beginning of museumification, the chronology of the object of museumification is pushed forward by twenty-five years. Taking into account the similarities in the work of museum institutes around the world, A. Barr’s formula is relevant to modern Ukrainian realities. Given 2022 (although the creation of the Museum of Modern Art this year is unlikely), the following chronological sequence can be proposed: 1939 – 1964 – 1989 – 2014 – 2039. Each of the above dates, except for the last one, is significant for Ukraine, Europe, and sometimes the world as a whole, and also affects artistic culture. Мета дослідження — верифікувати утилітарність концепції Альфреда Барра про хронологічні межі музеєфікації сучасного мистецтва для формування потенційної колекції Українського музею сучасного мистецтва. Методи. Застосовано такі методи: скептичний емпіризм, екстраполяцію, дедуктивну логіку, науковий критицизм. Наукова новизна. Уперше здійснено спробу адаптації концептуального досвіду МoМА до розв’язання проблеми визначення хронологічних меж потенційного зібрання Українського музею сучасного мистецтва. Попри відсутність збігів культурно-історичних контекстів хронологічну концепцію А. Барра можна розглядати як початковий гіпотетичний каркас для розробки темпоральної системи координат під час музеєфікації. Формально процес визначення хронологічних меж можна подати так: М — рік початку музеєфікації; R — реперна хронологічна точка предмета музеєфікації. R = M-8. T — баррівська «торпеда» — період предмета музеєфікації. T(х) [хвіст] = R-75. T(г) [голова] = R + 25. Т = Т(х) + Т(г). Фаза «руху торпеди» = T + 25, якщо M + 8. Висновки. Підхід з використанням двох хронологічних треків обумовлено тим, що «торпеда» має перебувати в перманентному русі на шляху до майбутнього. Кожні вісім років від початку музеєфікації хронологія предмета музеєфікації відсувається на двадцять п’ять років уперед. Отже, допустимою є екстраполяція формули А. Барра на сучасні українські реалії з урахуванням подібності в роботі музейних інститутів по всьому світу. З огляду на 2022 р. (хоча створення музею сучасного мистецтва в цьому році є малоймовірним) можна запропонувати таку хронологічну послідовність: 1939 р. – 1964 р. – 1989 р. – 2014 р. – 2039 р. Кожна з наведених дат, крім останньої, є знаковою для України, Європи, а подекуди й світу в цілому, а також впливає на художню культуру.

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    Authors: Osiievska Yuliia;

    The purpose of the article is to analyse the current situation with the cultural heritage in Kirovohrad Oblast and reveal the possible problems connected with their further updating from the point of peculiarities of historical-cultural landscape of the region. The research methodology is based, firstly, on the dialogue paradigm according to which the dialogue appears as the important mechanism of the culture-forming function of cultural heritage and as an effective mechanism of contemporary culture and society development, secondly, on the cultural approach that makes it possible to reveal a heuristic potential of the regional cultural heritage as the object of project activity and, thirdly, on the methods of analysis and data systematisation that have helped to explain and understand the historical-cultural context and current situation with heritage objects. Scientific novelty. In the article, for the first time, the cultural heritage of Kirovohrad Oblast as the subject of research is considered as an assets and resource of socio-cultural region development on the modern stage and also connected with that updating issues. Conclusions. The author has proved that within innovative projects of integration of cultural heritage in current socio-cultural contexts of Ukraine that take place in many cities, Kirovohrad Oblast is still poorly represented in terms of attracting the objects of cultural heritage to various projects of socio-cultural development of territories. It is proved that among the main problems which prevent its realisation and “revitalisation” in new conditions, can be highlighted the following: slow objects’ certification; lack of funding; unsatisfactory condition of roads; underdevelopment of recreational and tourist infrastructure; deterioration of the social situation due to the war; low level of infrastructure development of the service market, information and popularisation among the population of European countries; lack of results of the assessment of the historical and cultural potential of the region, project and programme (creative clusters) support and scientific and methodological justification for the modernisation of cultural heritage, etc.

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    Authors: Rudenko Serhii; Prokudina Kateryna;

    The purpose of the article is to verify the utilitarianism of Alfred Barr’s concept of the chronological frames of museumification of modern art for the formation of a potential collection of the Ukrainian Museum of Modern Art. Research methodology. The following methods are used: skeptical empiricism, extrapolation, deductive logic, and scientific criticism. Scientific novelty. The article is the first attempt to adapt the MoMA’s conceptual experience to solving the problem of defining the chronological frames of a potential collection of the Ukrainian Museum of Modern Art. Despite the lack of coincidence of cultural and historical contexts, A. Barr’s chronological concept can be considered as an initial hypothetical framework for the development of a temporal coordinate system for the museumification process. Formally, the process of circumscription of chronological boundaries can be presented as follows: M is the year of the beginning of museumification; R is the reference chronological point of the museum object. R = M-8. T — Barr’s “torpedo” — is the period of the object of museumification. T(x) [tail] = R-75. T(h) [head] = R+25. T = T(x) + T (h). The torpedo “movement” phase = T+25 if M+8. Conclusions. The approach using two chronological tracks is due to the fact that the “torpedo” must be in permanent motion on the way to the future. Every eight years from the beginning of museumification, the chronology of the object of museumification is pushed forward by twenty-five years. Taking into account the similarities in the work of museum institutes around the world, A. Barr’s formula is relevant to modern Ukrainian realities. Given 2022 (although the creation of the Museum of Modern Art this year is unlikely), the following chronological sequence can be proposed: 1939 – 1964 – 1989 – 2014 – 2039. Each of the above dates, except for the last one, is significant for Ukraine, Europe, and sometimes the world as a whole, and also affects artistic culture.

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    The purpose of the article is to analyse the current situation with the cultural heritage in Kirovohrad Oblast and reveal the possible problems connected with their further updating from the point of peculiarities of historical-cultural landscape of the region. The research methodology is based, firstly, on the dialogue paradigm according to which the dialogue appears as the important mechanism of the culture-forming function of cultural heritage and as an effective mechanism of contemporary culture and society development, secondly, on the cultural approach that makes it possible to reveal a heuristic potential of the regional cultural heritage as the object of project activity and, thirdly, on the methods of analysis and data systematisation that have helped to explain and understand the historical-cultural context and current situation with heritage objects. Scientific novelty. In the article, for the first time, the cultural heritage of Kirovohrad Oblast as the subject of research is considered as an assets and resource of socio-cultural region development on the modern stage and also connected with that updating issues. Conclusions. The author has proved that within innovative projects of integration of cultural heritage in current socio-cultural contexts of Ukraine that take place in many cities, Kirovohrad Oblast is still poorly represented in terms of attracting the objects of cultural heritage to various projects of socio-cultural development of territories. It is proved that among the main problems which prevent its realisation and “revitalisation” in new conditions, can be highlighted the following: slow objects’ certification; lack of funding; unsatisfactory condition of roads; underdevelopment of recreational and tourist infrastructure; deterioration of the social situation due to the war; low level of infrastructure development of the service market, information and popularisation among the population of European countries; lack of results of the assessment of the historical and cultural potential of the region, project and programme (creative clusters) support and scientific and methodological justification for the modernisation of cultural heritage, etc. Мета статті — проаналізувати сучасний стан культурної спадщини на Кіровоградщині та виявити можливі проблеми, пов’язані з її подальшою актуалізацією з огляду на особливості історико-культурного ландшафту області. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на діалогічній парадигмі, згідно з якою діалог є важливим механізмом реалізації культуротворчої функції культурної спадщини та ефективним компонентом розвитку сучасної культури й соціуму; культурологічному підході, що дав змогу виявити евристичний потенціал культурної спадщини області як об’єкта проєктної діяльності; методах аналізу і систематизації даних, які допомогли роз’яснити й зрозуміти історико-культурний контекст і сучасний стан об’єктів спадщини. Наукова новизна. У статті вперше розглянуто культурну спадщину Кіровоградщини як актив і ресурс соціокультурного розвитку області на сучасному етапі, а також пов’язані з цим проблеми її актуалізації. Висновки. Виявлено, що на фоні реалізації інноваційних проєктів інтеграції культурної спадщини в багатьох містах у сучасний соціокультурний контекст України, Кіровоградщина поки що зостається слабо представленою в плані залучення об’єктів культурної спадщини до різних проєктів соціокультурного розвитку територій. Доведено, що серед основних проблем, які стоять на заваді її актуалізації та ревіталізації у новітніх умовах, можна виділити наступні: повільна паспортизація об’єктів; нестача фінансування; незадовільний стан автомобільних доріг; нерозвиненість об’єктів рекреаційно- туристичної інфраструктури; погіршення соціальної ситуації через війну; низький рівень розвитку інфраструктури ринку послуг, інформатизації та популяризації серед населення європейських країн; відсутність результатів оцінювання історико-культурного потенціалу області, проєктно-програмного (креативні кластери) супроводу та науково-методичного обґрунтування модернізації культурної спадщини тощо.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Питання культурологі...arrow_drop_down
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