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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Cottegnies, Line;

    La réception de La Princesse de Clèves en Angleterre témoigne d’une rencontre manquée. Traduit de manière anonyme dès 1679, le roman ne rencontre pas le succès attendu. Certes, cette traduction est rééditée en 1688, mais la réception du roman est contrariée par le grand succès de l’adaptation théâtrale très libre qu’en donne le dramaturge Nathaniel Lee en 1680 au Queen’s Theatre, et dont le texte est publié en 1689. Adaptée spécifiquement au goût de la Restauration, la pièce ne reprend que quelques scènes-clés du roman, et, si le Prince et la Princesse de Clèves sont à peu près conformes à leurs modèles, le Duc de Nemours est représenté sous les traits d’un libertin, à l’image des roués (« rakes »), qui peuplaient les comédies londoniennes depuis les années 1660. Le roman passe ici clairement au second plan. Cette adaptation théâtrale semble avoir brouillé la perception de La Princesse de Clèves en Angleterre, en constituant un filtre à son appréciation. Ce n’est qu’au XVIIIe siècle, presque un demi-siècle plus tard, à l’heure de la sensibilité triomphante, que la fiction de Mme de Lafayette connaît un regain d’intêrêt en Angleterre. La Princesse de Clèves, retraduite en 1720, est alors intégrée dans plusieurs recueils de romans continentaux publiés au cours du siècle. Cet article revient sur les raisons de ce décalage dans la réception de La Princesse de Clèves, en étudiant ce moment de l’histoire littéraire anglaise, vers 1680, où les romans français sont traduits par brassées. Faut-il expliquer l’accueil relativement réservé rencontré par La Princesse de Clèves au XVIIe siècle comme procédant de la différence entre un goût anglais et un goût français ? On montrera que si le roman a très certainement pâti du brouillage créé par l’adaptation théâtrale de la pièce de 1680 ou 1681, il représentait aussi une forme de roman difficilement transposable en Angleterre en 1679. The reception of La Princesse of Clèves in England bears witness to a failed encounter. Anonymously translated in 1679, the novel did not meet with the expected success. Although the translation was republished in 1688, the novel's reception was thwarted by the great success of the very free theatrical adaptation given by the playwright Nathaniel Lee in 1680 at Queen's Theatre, the text of which was published in 1689. Adapted specifically to the tastes of the Restoration, the play takes up only a few key scenes from the novel, and while the Prince and Princess of Cleves are more or less true to their models, the Duke of Nemours is portrayed as a libertine, in line with the “rakes” who had populated London comedies since the 1660s. This theatrical adaptation seems to have blurred the perception of the French novel in England, acting as a filter for its appreciation. It was not until the eighteenth century, almost half a century later, at a time when novels of sensibility became fashionable, that Mme de Lafayette's fiction enjoyed renewed interest in England. The Princess of Cleves, retranslated in 1720, was then included in several collections of continental novels published over the course of the century. This article looks at the reasons for this gap in the reception of La Princesse de Clèves, by studying the moment in English literary history, around 1680, when French novels were translated by the dozens. Should we explain the relatively lukewarm reception of La Princesse of Clèves in the seventeenth century as a result of the difference between English and French tastes? This article shows that while the novel certainly suffered from the confusion created by the theatrical adaptation of the play in 1680 or 1681, it also represented a form of novel that was difficult to transpose to England in 1679.

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    OpenEdition
    Article . 2024
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    Etudes Epistémè
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      OpenEdition
      Article . 2024
      Data sources: OpenEdition
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      Etudes Epistémè
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Fernández Vicente, María José;

    Este trabajo busca analizar las emociones que acompañaron los procesos identitarios de los españoles instalados en Francia. Se tratará así de entender en qué medida y de qué manera los afectos y sensibilidades de estos emigrantes influyeron, no solamente en la manera en la que estos construyeron su identidad de español expatriado sino en cómo estos (re)pensaron sus estrategias migratorias durante su estancia en el país vecino.

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    INVESTIGACIONES HISTÓRICAS ÉPOCA MODERNA Y CONTEMPORÁNEA
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Authors: Dord-Crouslé, Stéphanie;

    Flaubert avait-il prévu d’inclure un chapitre sur les beaux-arts, voire sur la seule peinture, dans son dernier roman ? Certains éléments du dossier génétique de Bouvard et Pécuchet permettent de le penser mais leur examen approfondi cantonne ce dessein au stade le plus ancien de la conception scénarique du roman. L’écrivain a ensuite supprimé aussi bien la mise en pratique que l’examen critique de la peinture par ses deux personnages, laissant à la littérature la première place, y compris lorsqu’il s’agissait de penser les deux domaines esthétiques en interaction comme le montre l’utilisation que Flaubert fait des notes qu’il a relevées à la lecture des Réflexions critiques sur la poésie et sur la peinture par l’abbé Dubos (1733). Did Flaubert plan to include a chapter on the fine arts, or even on painting alone, in his last novel? Some elements in the genetic file of Bouvard et Pécuchet suggest that he did, but closer examination confines this intention to the earliest stage of the novel's scriptural conception. The writer then suppressed both the practical application and the critical examination of painting by his two characters, leaving literature in first place, even when it came to thinking about the two aesthetic domains in interaction, as shown by his use of the notes taken from the reading of Réflexions critiques sur la poésie et sur la peinture by the Abbé Dubos (1733). International audience

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    OpenEdition
    Article . 2024
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    Flaubert: Revue Critique et Génétique
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Huleux, François;

    La diversité biologique connaît un schéma d'érosion face auquel la communauté internationale tente de lutter. Depuis quelques années, les communautés locales et autochtones sont reconnues comme un modèle de conservation et d'utilisation durable de cette diversité. Elles recréent, expriment et transmettent des connaissances et pratiques de gestion des ressources naturelles depuis des temps immémoriaux pour certaines. En 2003, la Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel (ci-après « Convention PCI ») est adoptée afin de préserver ce patrimoine qui est lui aussi sur le point de disparaître en raison de l'acculturation, la mondialisation, la déforestation, etc. Malgré la relation d’interdépendance qui caractérise certains éléments du patrimoine culturel immatériel (ci-après « PCI ») avec les éléments matériels naturels auxquels ils sont associés, la Convention ne guide pas ses Parties vers la reconnaissance et préservation de cette relation. Plus précisément, elle ne guide pas ses Parties vers la conservation et l’utilisation durable de l’ensemble des éléments de la biodiversité nécessaires à la sauvegarde du PCI (réseau de vie). C’est pourquoi, certains pourraient s’interroger sur la capacité de la Convention PCI à sauvegarder le PCI associé à la biodiversité ? A l’heure de l’extinction des espèces et de la raréfaction des connaissances et pratiques « traditionnelles », il apparaît primordial de faire évoluer la mise en œuvre de la Convention par une révision de ses Directives opérationnelles chargées de préciser les engagements des Parties et régulièrement amendées par le Comité intergouvernemental de sauvegarde du PCI et l’Assemblé générale des États parties à la Convention vers une sauvegarde mieux adaptée au PCI associé à la biodiversité. L’approche par écosystème développée sous l’empire de la Convention sur la diversité biologique (ci-après « CDB ») dont les objectifs sont la conservation, l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité et le partage juste et équitable des avantages découlant de l’utilisation des ressources naturelles sert de base à cette proposition de révision des directives de la Convention PCI. L’approche permet de gérer des écosystèmes considérés comme des réseaux de vie dont les Hommes et la diversité culturelle sont un élément à part entière. The international community is trying to fight the current pattern of biodiversity erosion. In recent years, local and indigenous communities have been recognized as models in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Some of them have been recreating, expressing and transmitting knowledge and natural resources management practices for centuries. In 2003, the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (hereinafter “ICH Convention”) was adopted in order to preserve this heritage, which is also on the verge of disappearing due to acculturation, globalization, deforestation, etc. Despite the interdependent relationship which characterizes certain elements of intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter “ICH”) with the natural material elements associated to it, the Convention does not guide its Parties towards the recognition and preservation of this unique relationship. More specifically, it does not guide them towards the conservation and sustainable use of the elements of biodiversity that are necessary to the safeguarding of ICH (considered as a network of life). This is why, some might question the capacity of the ICH Convention to safeguard ICH associated with biodiversity? At a time when species and tradition knowledge and practices are going extinct, it is essential to refine the implementation of the Convention by a revision of its Operational Directives responsible for specifying the commitments of the Parties – and which are regularly amended by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of ICH and the General Assemble of State Parties to the Convention – towards a better suited safeguarding of ICH associated with biodiversity. The ecosystem approach developed for the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (hereinafter “CBD”) – whose objectives are the conservation, sustainable use of biodiversity and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits obtained from the use of natural resources – is the basis for this proposal to revise the Operation Directives of the ICH Convention. This approach allows the sustainable management of ecosystems considered as being networks of life including humans and their biodiversity.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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    https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.876...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.1515/978276...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Benedita Câmara; Teresa da Silva Lopes; Robert Fredona;

    This study analyzes the long-term power of mercantilist firms and brands in industries characterized by high uncertainty and asset specificity. It contrasts the reputation-building and protection strategies employed in two similar industries in Portugal in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; namely, those of Madeira and Port wine. The Portuguese crown created a collective brand for Port in 1756, the first regional appellation in the world. Madeira wine only received similar protection in the late twentieth century. This study argues that the Madeira wine industry relied on a different type of mercantilist proto-brand—a diffuse and multi-faceted “global” umbrella brand—of the British East India Company, which during its heyday more than rivaled the power of the Portuguese state as a product certifier and endorser.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao The Business History...arrow_drop_down
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    The Business History Review
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao The Business History...arrow_drop_down
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      The Business History Review
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Malbos, Lucie;

    While studies on port or landing sites of Northern Europe have been profoundly renewed in the last two decades thanks to archaeological discoveries, we intend to propose a general view of research on the 7th-11th century. The main aim is to suggest possible benchmarks or at least to put the Breton background into perspective with the coastal societies of Northern Europe, to raise some issues and to consider preliminary thinking on the Atlantic coast, which is the forgotten area on the matter. After a presentation of the new kind of ports appeared in the 7th-8th centuries on the coasts of the Northern seas, we will see that both their rise and then their gradual disappearance from the second half of the 9th century match with important changes, particularly economic ones.; Alors que les études concernant les sites portuaires ou d’accostage d’Europe du Nord ont été profondément renouvelées depuis une vingtaine d’années par les découvertes archéologiques, il s’agit de proposer un bilan de la recherche pour la période allant du viie au xie siècle. L’objectif est de permettre d’éventuels points de comparaison, ou du moins une mise en perspective du contexte breton avec les sociétés littorales du Nord de l’Europe, de soulever certaines questions et d’envisager quelques premières pistes de réflexion pour la façade Atlantique, parent pauvre des études en la matière. Après une présentation des ports d’un genre nouveau apparus aux viie et viiie siècle sur les littoraux des mers nordiques, on verra que leur développement de même que leur progressif effacement à partir de la seconde moitié du ixe correspondent à d’importantes mutations, notamment au plan économique.

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  • Authors: Gelin, Mathilde;

    En se fondant sur les propriétés des argiles au contact de l'eau (en particulier, le gonflement), nous décrivons comment les vestiges archéologiques mis au jour lors des fouilles peuvent être impactés par les réactions des argiles. Celles-ci, bonnes ou mauvaises pour l'architecture de terre crue, prennent de nombreuses apparences et peuvent fournir des indications pour les besoins de sa préservation. Des exemples sont pris sur des sites archéologiques (Doura-Europos, Faïlaka), décrivant les effets sur les maçonneries, que nous tentons d'expliquer à travers les réactions des argiles. Des suggestions sont données pour le choix des matériaux et des pratiques de préservation (exemples à Doura-Europos, Hégra). Il est intéressant de noter que, durant l'Antiquité « classique », les anciens bâtisseurs avaient une bonne connaissance de la terre crue et qu'ils pouvaient facilement l'utiliser. Insisting on properties of clays when in contact with water (especially the expansion), we describe how archaeological vestiges uncovered in excavations can be impacted by the reactions of clays. These, whether good or bad for earthen architecture, take numerous appearances and can provide indications for the requirements of its conservation. Examples are taken from archaeological sites (Dura-Europos, Failaka), describing the effects on masonries, that we attempt to explain through the reactions of clays. Suggestions are given for the choice of materials and conservation practices (examples from Dura-Europos, Hegra). It is interesting to note that, during ‘Classical’ Antiquity, the ancient builders had a good knowledge of earth and were highly proficient in its use. International audience

    Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
    HAL Paris Nanterre
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.691...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Arben Hajdari; Christophe J. Goddard;

    Les hommages à l'énigmatique dea Dard(…) manifestent une volonté typiquementromaine de signaler son respect d’une divinité locale, dans le cadre du contrôle dezones isolées mais stratégiques au cœur de la région illyrienne et de la province deMésie supérieure. Ces actes de piété traduisent une volonté des autorités romaines deconduire une action diplomatique auprès des populations locales, particulièrement auxabords des stationes parfois fort éloignées des légions et des officia dont ellesconstituaient un détachement. Ces dédicaces ne sauraient en tous les cas êtreconsidérées comme les preuves irréfutables de la résistance d’une identitédardanienne face à l’ordre romain. Elles laissent entendre bien-entendu que le culte deces divinités locales dont le nom nous échappe, avait survécu au cœur de la provincede Mésie supérieure. Le paradoxe tient au fait que nous connaissons mieux l’existencede ces divinités locales grâce aux hommages de militaires romains The tributes to the enigmatic dea Dard(...) show a typically Roman desire to signal one's respectfor a local deity, within the framework of the control of isolated but strategic areas in the heartof the Illyrian region and the province of Moesia superioris. These acts of piety reflect the desireon the part of the Roman authorities to carry out diplomatic action with the local population,particularly in the vicinity of the stationes, often away from the legions and officia of whichthey were a detachment. In any case, these dedications cannot be considered as irrefutable proofof the resistance of a Dardanian identity to the Roman order. They do, of course, suggest thatthe cult of these local and enigmatic deities had survived in the heart of the province of Moesiasuperioris. The paradox lies in the fact that we know more about the existence of these localdeities thanks to the tributes of Roman soldiers, even if their names remain unknown.

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    Authors: Saadany, Hadeel; Mohamed, Emad; Sarwar, Raheem;

    Biographical writing is one of the earliest and most extensive forms of Arabic literature. Some scholars tend to assume that classical Arabic biographies, widely known as Tarāǧim, arose in conjunction with the study of the reliability of the Hadith transmitters (the reciters of the Prophet Mohammad's sayings) which lead to a proliferation of biographical material collected and used to assess the transmitter's trustworthiness . However, a scrutiny of the well-known classical Arabic biographical dictionaries such as Siyaru 'A`lāmi an-Nubalā' `The Lives of the Noble Figures' for Adh-Dhahabī shows that they extend their entries to other classes of persons important to the development of particular fields such as Islamic jurisprudents, rulers, poets, philosophers or physicians. The main contribution of Arabic biographical dictionaries is the cumulative value of the thousands of life histories which construct a picture of the Islamic society in different eras. An Arabic biographical dictionary, therefore, is predominantly used by scholars to look up an eminent person's achievements and historical background. In this project, however, we explore Arabic biographies as a prosopography, rather than a biography in the strict sense. We introduce a novel method for a better understanding of Arabic biographical dictionaries by creating a network of relations among different persons. We utilise Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools to create a topological network from the unstructured data of 45,500 biographical entries collected from different dictionaries. We aim to illustrate how network analysis leveraged by NLP tools can provide scholars with innovative methods for discovering complex constellation of relations between prominent and non-prominent figures spanning over several eras and from different fields of knowledge. We also use graph visualisation as a means to effectively communicate and explore such complex constellations. Each network visualisation is purposefully designed to be as simple and robust as possible to offer scholars a way to move relatively fluidly between the large scale of biographical entries and to easily interpret the minute ties between persons of different walks of life. We make both our data and code publicly available for researchers to replicate the experiment. It can be found at:https://github.com/sadanyh/Relational-Network-for-Arabic-Tarajem

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    Authors: Woytek, Bernhard; Blet-Lemarquand, Maryse;

    Cahier thématique. Hommages à Jean-Pierre Callu, Janvier 2016; International audience; This article is a thorough study of a scarce sub-type of the C. L. CAESARES denarii, RIC (2nd edition) Augustus 208, currently known from 26 specimens. These coins bear the well-known Augustan types and legends, but metallurgical analyses as well as observations on typological details make it clear that we are in fact dealing with an unsigned restoration issue, for which an attribution to the reign of Hadrian is proposed.; Cet article livre une étude complète d’un rare sous-type de deniers C. L. CAESARES, l’émission RIC (2e édition) Auguste 208, dont 26 exemplaires sont actuellement connus. Ces monnaies portent les types et les légendes augustéens bien connus mais des analyses métallurgiques ainsi que certains détails typologiques révèlent qu’il s’agit en fait d’une émission de restauration non signée que nous proposons d’attribuer au règne d’Hadrien.

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    ZENODO
    Article . 2023
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    ZENODO
    Article . 2023
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      ZENODO
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Cottegnies, Line;

    La réception de La Princesse de Clèves en Angleterre témoigne d’une rencontre manquée. Traduit de manière anonyme dès 1679, le roman ne rencontre pas le succès attendu. Certes, cette traduction est rééditée en 1688, mais la réception du roman est contrariée par le grand succès de l’adaptation théâtrale très libre qu’en donne le dramaturge Nathaniel Lee en 1680 au Queen’s Theatre, et dont le texte est publié en 1689. Adaptée spécifiquement au goût de la Restauration, la pièce ne reprend que quelques scènes-clés du roman, et, si le Prince et la Princesse de Clèves sont à peu près conformes à leurs modèles, le Duc de Nemours est représenté sous les traits d’un libertin, à l’image des roués (« rakes »), qui peuplaient les comédies londoniennes depuis les années 1660. Le roman passe ici clairement au second plan. Cette adaptation théâtrale semble avoir brouillé la perception de La Princesse de Clèves en Angleterre, en constituant un filtre à son appréciation. Ce n’est qu’au XVIIIe siècle, presque un demi-siècle plus tard, à l’heure de la sensibilité triomphante, que la fiction de Mme de Lafayette connaît un regain d’intêrêt en Angleterre. La Princesse de Clèves, retraduite en 1720, est alors intégrée dans plusieurs recueils de romans continentaux publiés au cours du siècle. Cet article revient sur les raisons de ce décalage dans la réception de La Princesse de Clèves, en étudiant ce moment de l’histoire littéraire anglaise, vers 1680, où les romans français sont traduits par brassées. Faut-il expliquer l’accueil relativement réservé rencontré par La Princesse de Clèves au XVIIe siècle comme procédant de la différence entre un goût anglais et un goût français ? On montrera que si le roman a très certainement pâti du brouillage créé par l’adaptation théâtrale de la pièce de 1680 ou 1681, il représentait aussi une forme de roman difficilement transposable en Angleterre en 1679. The reception of La Princesse of Clèves in England bears witness to a failed encounter. Anonymously translated in 1679, the novel did not meet with the expected success. Although the translation was republished in 1688, the novel's reception was thwarted by the great success of the very free theatrical adaptation given by the playwright Nathaniel Lee in 1680 at Queen's Theatre, the text of which was published in 1689. Adapted specifically to the tastes of the Restoration, the play takes up only a few key scenes from the novel, and while the Prince and Princess of Cleves are more or less true to their models, the Duke of Nemours is portrayed as a libertine, in line with the “rakes” who had populated London comedies since the 1660s. This theatrical adaptation seems to have blurred the perception of the French novel in England, acting as a filter for its appreciation. It was not until the eighteenth century, almost half a century later, at a time when novels of sensibility became fashionable, that Mme de Lafayette's fiction enjoyed renewed interest in England. The Princess of Cleves, retranslated in 1720, was then included in several collections of continental novels published over the course of the century. This article looks at the reasons for this gap in the reception of La Princesse de Clèves, by studying the moment in English literary history, around 1680, when French novels were translated by the dozens. Should we explain the relatively lukewarm reception of La Princesse of Clèves in the seventeenth century as a result of the difference between English and French tastes? This article shows that while the novel certainly suffered from the confusion created by the theatrical adaptation of the play in 1680 or 1681, it also represented a form of novel that was difficult to transpose to England in 1679.

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    OpenEdition
    Article . 2024
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    Etudes Epistémè
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      OpenEdition
      Article . 2024
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      Etudes Epistémè
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Fernández Vicente, María José;

    Este trabajo busca analizar las emociones que acompañaron los procesos identitarios de los españoles instalados en Francia. Se tratará así de entender en qué medida y de qué manera los afectos y sensibilidades de estos emigrantes influyeron, no solamente en la manera en la que estos construyeron su identidad de español expatriado sino en cómo estos (re)pensaron sus estrategias migratorias durante su estancia en el país vecino.

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    INVESTIGACIONES HISTÓRICAS ÉPOCA MODERNA Y CONTEMPORÁNEA
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Dord-Crouslé, Stéphanie;

    Flaubert avait-il prévu d’inclure un chapitre sur les beaux-arts, voire sur la seule peinture, dans son dernier roman ? Certains éléments du dossier génétique de Bouvard et Pécuchet permettent de le penser mais leur examen approfondi cantonne ce dessein au stade le plus ancien de la conception scénarique du roman. L’écrivain a ensuite supprimé aussi bien la mise en pratique que l’examen critique de la peinture par ses deux personnages, laissant à la littérature la première place, y compris lorsqu’il s’agissait de penser les deux domaines esthétiques en interaction comme le montre l’utilisation que Flaubert fait des notes qu’il a relevées à la lecture des Réflexions critiques sur la poésie et sur la peinture par l’abbé Dubos (1733). Did Flaubert plan to include a chapter on the fine arts, or even on painting alone, in his last novel? Some elements in the genetic file of Bouvard et Pécuchet suggest that he did, but closer examination confines this intention to the earliest stage of the novel's scriptural conception. The writer then suppressed both the practical application and the critical examination of painting by his two characters, leaving literature in first place, even when it came to thinking about the two aesthetic domains in interaction, as shown by his use of the notes taken from the reading of Réflexions critiques sur la poésie et sur la peinture by the Abbé Dubos (1733). International audience

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    OpenEdition
    Article . 2024
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    Flaubert: Revue Critique et Génétique
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Huleux, François;

    La diversité biologique connaît un schéma d'érosion face auquel la communauté internationale tente de lutter. Depuis quelques années, les communautés locales et autochtones sont reconnues comme un modèle de conservation et d'utilisation durable de cette diversité. Elles recréent, expriment et transmettent des connaissances et pratiques de gestion des ressources naturelles depuis des temps immémoriaux pour certaines. En 2003, la Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel (ci-après « Convention PCI ») est adoptée afin de préserver ce patrimoine qui est lui aussi sur le point de disparaître en raison de l'acculturation, la mondialisation, la déforestation, etc. Malgré la relation d’interdépendance qui caractérise certains éléments du patrimoine culturel immatériel (ci-après « PCI ») avec les éléments matériels naturels auxquels ils sont associés, la Convention ne guide pas ses Parties vers la reconnaissance et préservation de cette relation. Plus précisément, elle ne guide pas ses Parties vers la conservation et l’utilisation durable de l’ensemble des éléments de la biodiversité nécessaires à la sauvegarde du PCI (réseau de vie). C’est pourquoi, certains pourraient s’interroger sur la capacité de la Convention PCI à sauvegarder le PCI associé à la biodiversité ? A l’heure de l’extinction des espèces et de la raréfaction des connaissances et pratiques « traditionnelles », il apparaît primordial de faire évoluer la mise en œuvre de la Convention par une révision de ses Directives opérationnelles chargées de préciser les engagements des Parties et régulièrement amendées par le Comité intergouvernemental de sauvegarde du PCI et l’Assemblé générale des États parties à la Convention vers une sauvegarde mieux adaptée au PCI associé à la biodiversité. L’approche par écosystème développée sous l’empire de la Convention sur la diversité biologique (ci-après « CDB ») dont les objectifs sont la conservation, l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité et le partage juste et équitable des avantages découlant de l’utilisation des ressources naturelles sert de base à cette proposition de révision des directives de la Convention PCI. L’approche permet de gérer des écosystèmes considérés comme des réseaux de vie dont les Hommes et la diversité culturelle sont un élément à part entière. The international community is trying to fight the current pattern of biodiversity erosion. In recent years, local and indigenous communities have been recognized as models in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Some of them have been recreating, expressing and transmitting knowledge and natural resources management practices for centuries. In 2003, the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (hereinafter “ICH Convention”) was adopted in order to preserve this heritage, which is also on the verge of disappearing due to acculturation, globalization, deforestation, etc. Despite the interdependent relationship which characterizes certain elements of intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter “ICH”) with the natural material elements associated to it, the Convention does not guide its Parties towards the recognition and preservation of this unique relationship. More specifically, it does not guide them towards the conservation and sustainable use of the elements of biodiversity that are necessary to the safeguarding of ICH (considered as a network of life). This is why, some might question the capacity of the ICH Convention to safeguard ICH associated with biodiversity? At a time when species and tradition knowledge and practices are going extinct, it is essential to refine the implementation of the Convention by a revision of its Operational Directives responsible for specifying the commitments of the Parties – and which are regularly amended by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of ICH and the General Assemble of State Parties to the Convention – towards a better suited safeguarding of ICH associated with biodiversity. The ecosystem approach developed for the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (hereinafter “CBD”) – whose objectives are the conservation, sustainable use of biodiversity and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits obtained from the use of natural resources – is the basis for this proposal to revise the Operation Directives of the ICH Convention. This approach allows the sustainable management of ecosystems considered as being networks of life including humans and their biodiversity.

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    https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.876...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.1515/978276...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Benedita Câmara; Teresa da Silva Lopes; Robert Fredona;

    This study analyzes the long-term power of mercantilist firms and brands in industries characterized by high uncertainty and asset specificity. It contrasts the reputation-building and protection strategies employed in two similar industries in Portugal in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; namely, those of Madeira and Port wine. The Portuguese crown created a collective brand for Port in 1756, the first regional appellation in the world. Madeira wine only received similar protection in the late twentieth century. This study argues that the Madeira wine industry relied on a different type of mercantilist proto-brand—a diffuse and multi-faceted “global” umbrella brand—of the British East India Company, which during its heyday more than rivaled the power of the Portuguese state as a product certifier and endorser.

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    The Business History Review
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao The Business History...arrow_drop_down
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      The Business History Review
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  • Authors: Malbos, Lucie;

    While studies on port or landing sites of Northern Europe have been profoundly renewed in the last two decades thanks to archaeological discoveries, we intend to propose a general view of research on the 7th-11th century. The main aim is to suggest possible benchmarks or at least to put the Breton background into perspective with the coastal societies of Northern Europe, to raise some issues and to consider preliminary thinking on the Atlantic coast, which is the forgotten area on the matter. After a presentation of the new kind of ports appeared in the 7th-8th centuries on the coasts of the Northern seas, we will see that both their rise and then their gradual disappearance from the second half of the 9th century match with important changes, particularly economic ones.; Alors que les études concernant les sites portuaires ou d’accostage d’Europe du Nord ont été profondément renouvelées depuis une vingtaine d’années par les découvertes archéologiques, il s’agit de proposer un bilan de la recherche pour la période allant du viie au xie siècle. L’objectif est de permettre d’éventuels points de comparaison, ou du moins une mise en perspective du contexte breton avec les sociétés littorales du Nord de l’Europe, de soulever certaines questions et d’envisager quelques premières pistes de réflexion pour la façade Atlantique, parent pauvre des études en la matière. Après une présentation des ports d’un genre nouveau apparus aux viie et viiie siècle sur les littoraux des mers nordiques, on verra que leur développement de même que leur progressif effacement à partir de la seconde moitié du ixe correspondent à d’importantes mutations, notamment au plan économique.

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  • Authors: Gelin, Mathilde;

    En se fondant sur les propriétés des argiles au contact de l'eau (en particulier, le gonflement), nous décrivons comment les vestiges archéologiques mis au jour lors des fouilles peuvent être impactés par les réactions des argiles. Celles-ci, bonnes ou mauvaises pour l'architecture de terre crue, prennent de nombreuses apparences et peuvent fournir des indications pour les besoins de sa préservation. Des exemples sont pris sur des sites archéologiques (Doura-Europos, Faïlaka), décrivant les effets sur les maçonneries, que nous tentons d'expliquer à travers les réactions des argiles. Des suggestions sont données pour le choix des matériaux et des pratiques de préservation (exemples à Doura-Europos, Hégra). Il est intéressant de noter que, durant l'Antiquité « classique », les anciens bâtisseurs avaient une bonne connaissance de la terre crue et qu'ils pouvaient facilement l'utiliser. Insisting on properties of clays when in contact with water (especially the expansion), we describe how archaeological vestiges uncovered in excavations can be impacted by the reactions of clays. These, whether good or bad for earthen architecture, take numerous appearances and can provide indications for the requirements of its conservation. Examples are taken from archaeological sites (Dura-Europos, Failaka), describing the effects on masonries, that we attempt to explain through the reactions of clays. Suggestions are given for the choice of materials and conservation practices (examples from Dura-Europos, Hegra). It is interesting to note that, during ‘Classical’ Antiquity, the ancient builders had a good knowledge of earth and were highly proficient in its use. International audience

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    HAL Paris Nanterre
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.691...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Arben Hajdari; Christophe J. Goddard;

    Les hommages à l'énigmatique dea Dard(…) manifestent une volonté typiquementromaine de signaler son respect d’une divinité locale, dans le cadre du contrôle dezones isolées mais stratégiques au cœur de la région illyrienne et de la province deMésie supérieure. Ces actes de piété traduisent une volonté des autorités romaines deconduire une action diplomatique auprès des populations locales, particulièrement auxabords des stationes parfois fort éloignées des légions et des officia dont ellesconstituaient un détachement. Ces dédicaces ne sauraient en tous les cas êtreconsidérées comme les preuves irréfutables de la résistance d’une identitédardanienne face à l’ordre romain. Elles laissent entendre bien-entendu que le culte deces divinités locales dont le nom nous échappe, avait survécu au cœur de la provincede Mésie supérieure. Le paradoxe tient au fait que nous connaissons mieux l’existencede ces divinités locales grâce aux hommages de militaires romains The tributes to the enigmatic dea Dard(...) show a typically Roman desire to signal one's respectfor a local deity, within the framework of the control of isolated but strategic areas in the heartof the Illyrian region and the province of Moesia superioris. These acts of piety reflect the desireon the part of the Roman authorities to carry out diplomatic action with the local population,particularly in the vicinity of the stationes, often away from the legions and officia of whichthey were a detachment. In any case, these dedications cannot be considered as irrefutable proofof the resistance of a Dardanian identity to the Roman order. They do, of course, suggest thatthe cult of these local and enigmatic deities had survived in the heart of the province of Moesiasuperioris. The paradox lies in the fact that we know more about the existence of these localdeities thanks to the tributes of Roman soldiers, even if their names remain unknown.

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    Authors: Saadany, Hadeel; Mohamed, Emad; Sarwar, Raheem;

    Biographical writing is one of the earliest and most extensive forms of Arabic literature. Some scholars tend to assume that classical Arabic biographies, widely known as Tarāǧim, arose in conjunction with the study of the reliability of the Hadith transmitters (the reciters of the Prophet Mohammad's sayings) which lead to a proliferation of biographical material collected and used to assess the transmitter's trustworthiness . However, a scrutiny of the well-known classical Arabic biographical dictionaries such as Siyaru 'A`lāmi an-Nubalā' `The Lives of the Noble Figures' for Adh-Dhahabī shows that they extend their entries to other classes of persons important to the development of particular fields such as Islamic jurisprudents, rulers, poets, philosophers or physicians. The main contribution of Arabic biographical dictionaries is the cumulative value of the thousands of life histories which construct a picture of the Islamic society in different eras. An Arabic biographical dictionary, therefore, is predominantly used by scholars to look up an eminent person's achievements and historical background. In this project, however, we explore Arabic biographies as a prosopography, rather than a biography in the strict sense. We introduce a novel method for a better understanding of Arabic biographical dictionaries by creating a network of relations among different persons. We utilise Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools to create a topological network from the unstructured data of 45,500 biographical entries collected from different dictionaries. We aim to illustrate how network analysis leveraged by NLP tools can provide scholars with innovative methods for discovering complex constellation of relations between prominent and non-prominent figures spanning over several eras and from different fields of knowledge. We also use graph visualisation as a means to effectively communicate and explore such complex constellations. Each network visualisation is purposefully designed to be as simple and robust as possible to offer scholars a way to move relatively fluidly between the large scale of biographical entries and to easily interpret the minute ties between persons of different walks of life. We make both our data and code publicly available for researchers to replicate the experiment. It can be found at:https://github.com/sadanyh/Relational-Network-for-Arabic-Tarajem

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    Authors: Woytek, Bernhard; Blet-Lemarquand, Maryse;

    Cahier thématique. Hommages à Jean-Pierre Callu, Janvier 2016; International audience; This article is a thorough study of a scarce sub-type of the C. L. CAESARES denarii, RIC (2nd edition) Augustus 208, currently known from 26 specimens. These coins bear the well-known Augustan types and legends, but metallurgical analyses as well as observations on typological details make it clear that we are in fact dealing with an unsigned restoration issue, for which an attribution to the reign of Hadrian is proposed.; Cet article livre une étude complète d’un rare sous-type de deniers C. L. CAESARES, l’émission RIC (2e édition) Auguste 208, dont 26 exemplaires sont actuellement connus. Ces monnaies portent les types et les légendes augustéens bien connus mais des analyses métallurgiques ainsi que certains détails typologiques révèlent qu’il s’agit en fait d’une émission de restauration non signée que nous proposons d’attribuer au règne d’Hadrien.

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    ZENODO
    Article . 2023
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