Advanced search in Research products
Research products
arrow_drop_down
Searching FieldsTerms
Any field
arrow_drop_down
includes
arrow_drop_down
The following results are related to Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.

  • Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage
  • Publications
  • FR
  • HAL-Inserm

Date (most recent)
arrow_drop_down
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Laura Coltofean-Arizancu; Bisserka Gaydarska; Sébastien Plutniak; Laura Mary; +8 Authors

    Awareness of, and debate about, harassment, assault, bullying and intimidation (HABI) in archaeology has grown in recent years, but the issue remains under-researched. Here, the authors present the first Europe-wide survey to evaluate HABI in archaeological environments, from field to laboratory and classroom. The survey covers 18 forms of HABI, collecting more than 1000 responses from archaeologists of 49 nationalities. A total of 82 per cent of respondents report at least one HABI experience. The authors conclude that HABI is endemic in European archaeology, being experienced by all genders and ages, in multiple settings and countries. Documenting these behaviours is a critical first step to eradicating them and to achieving equity and safety in the discipline. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Paris Nanterre; ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    Access Routes
    Green
    hybrid
    3
    citations3
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Paris Nanterre; ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Claire Beaudevin; Jean-Paul Gaudillière; Christoph Gradmann;

    International audience; We look at Universal Health Coverage (UHC) through a historical investigation of the "health for all by 2000" policy adopted by the WHO in 1978. Within contemporary debates on access to care, Alma Ata is usually considered as a brief moment of well-intentioned utopia, which buckled to global health's agenda of performance metrics and targeted diseases. Such visions of primary health care (PHC) are shared references in the debates about UHC. Aiming at a less geopolitical and more local approach of the strategy's roots than the existing historiography, the paper draws from historical and ethnographic work on health policies and practices in Tanzania, Oman and Kerala (India), in which PHC was not only envisioned, but constructed as the backbone of local health systems, often prior to Alma Ata. All three states were praised for their PHC achievements. Studying them allows for emphasizing the importance of national trajectories in PHC, as well as revealing shared core issues such as the importance of access and affordability, of the focus on rural centers and the mass training of non-medical personnel, and of the articulation of vertical programs and horizontal system building. It also reveals very different trajectories in terms of duration, priorities, outcomes and international visibility.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Social Science & Med...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Social Science & Medicine
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    2
    citations2
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Social Science & Med...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Social Science & Medicine
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pasquiou, Alexandre;

    Au cours des dernières décennies, les modèles de langage (MLs) ont atteint des performances équivalentes à celles de l'homme sur plusieurs tâches. Ces modèles peuvent générer des représentations vectorielles qui capturent diverses propriétés linguistiques des mots d'un texte, telles que la sémantique ou la syntaxe. Les neuroscientifiques ont donc mis à profit ces progrès et ont commencé à utiliser ces modèles pour explorer les bases neurales de la compréhension du langage. Plus précisément, les représentations des ML calculées à partir d'une histoire sont utilisées pour modéliser les données cérébrales d'humains écoutant la même histoire, ce qui permet l'examen de plusieurs niveaux de traitement du langage dans le cerveau. Si les représentations du ML s'alignent étroitement avec une région cérébrale, il est probable que le modèle et la région codent la même information. En utilisant les données cérébrales d'IRMf de participants américains écoutant l'histoire du Petit Prince, cette thèse 1) examine les facteurs influant l'alignement entre les représentations des MLs et celles du cerveau, ainsi que 2) les limites de telles alignements. La comparaison de plusieurs MLs pré-entraînés et personnalisés (GloVe, LSTM, GPT-2 et BERT) a révélé que les Transformers s'alignent mieux aux données d'IRMf que LSTM et GloVe. Cependant, aucun d'entre eux n'est capable d'expliquer tout le signal IRMf, suggérant des limites liées au paradigme d'encodage ou aux MLs. En étudiant l'architecture des Transformers, nous avons constaté qu'aucune région cérébrale n'est mieux expliquée par une couche ou une tête d'attention spécifique. Nos résultats montrent que la nature et la quantité de données d'entraînement affectent l'alignement. Ainsi, les modèles pré-entraînés sur de petits ensembles de données ne sont pas efficaces pour capturer les activations cérébrales. Nous avons aussi montré que l'entraînement des MLs influence leur capacité à s'aligner aux données IRMf et que la perplexité n'est pas un bon prédicteur de leur capacité à s'aligner. Cependant, entraîner les MLs améliore particulièrement leur performance d'alignement dans les régions coeur de la sémantique, indépendamment de l'architecture et des données d'entraînement. Nous avons également montré que les représentations du cerveau et des MLs convergent d'abord pendant l'entraînement du modèle avant de diverger l'une de l'autre. Cette thèse examine en outre les bases neurales de la syntaxe, de la sémantique et de la sensibilité au contexte en développant une méthode qui peut sonder des dimensions linguistiques spécifiques. Cette méthode utilise des MLs restreints en information, c'est-à-dire des architectures entraînées sur des espaces de représentations contenant un type spécifique d'information. Tout d'abord, l'entraînement de MLs sur des représentations sémantiques et syntaxiques a révélé un bon alignement dans la plupart du cortex mais avec des degrés relatifs variables. La quantification de cette sensibilité relative à la syntaxe et à la sémantique a montré que les régions cérébrales les plus sensibles à la syntaxe sont plus localisées, contrairement au traitement de la sémantique qui reste largement distribué dans le cortex. Une découverte notable de cette thèse est que l'étendue des régions cérébrales sensibles à la syntaxe et à la sémantique est similaire dans les deux hémisphères. Cependant, l'hémisphère gauche a une plus grande tendance à distinguer le traitement syntaxique et sémantique par rapport à l'hémisphère droit. Dans un dernier ensemble d'expériences, nous avons conçu une méthode qui contrôle les mécanismes d'attention dans les Transformers afin de générer des représentations qui utilisent un contexte de taille fixe. Cette approche fournit des preuves de la sensibilité au contexte dans la plupart du cortex. De plus, cette analyse a révélé que les hémisphères gauche et droit avaient tendance à traiter respectivement des informations contextuelles plus courtes et plus longues. In the last decades, language models (LMs) have reached human level performance on several tasks. They can generate rich representations (features) that capture various linguistic properties such has semantics or syntax. Following these improvements, neuroscientists have increasingly used them to explore the neural bases of language comprehension. Specifically, LM's features computed from a story are used to fit the brain data of humans listening to the same story, allowing the examination of multiple levels of language processing in the brain. If LM's features closely align with a specific brain region, then it suggests that both the model and the region are encoding the same information. LM-brain comparisons can then teach us about language processing in the brain. Using the fMRI brain data of fifty US participants listening to "The Little Prince" story, this thesis 1) investigates the reasons why LMs' features fit brain activity and 2) examines the limitations of such comparisons. The comparison of several pre-trained and custom-trained LMs (GloVe, LSTM, GPT-2 and BERT) revealed that Transformers better fit fMRI brain data than LSTM and GloVe. Yet, none are able to explain all the fMRI signal, suggesting either limitations related to the encoding paradigm or to the LMs. Focusing specifically on Transformers, we found that no brain region is better fitted by specific attentional head or layer. Our results caution that the nature and the amount of training data greatly affects the outcome, indicating that using off-the-shelf models trained on small datasets is not effective in capturing brain activations. We showed that LMs' training influences their ability to fit fMRI brain data, and that perplexity was not a good predictor of brain score. Still, training LMs particularly improves their fitting performance in core semantic regions, irrespective of the architecture and training data. Moreover, we showed a partial convergence between brain's and LM's representations.Specifically, they first converge during model training before diverging from one another. This thesis further investigates the neural bases of syntax, semantics and context-sensitivity by developing a method that can probe specific linguistic dimensions. This method makes use of "information-restricted LMs", that are customized LMs architectures trained on feature spaces containing a specific type of information, in order to fit brain data. First, training LMs on semantic and syntactic features revealed a good fitting performance in a widespread network, albeit with varying relative degrees. The quantification of this relative sensitivity to syntax and semantics showed that brain regions most attuned to syntax tend to be more localized, while semantic processing remain widely distributed over the cortex. One notable finding from this analysis was that the extent of semantic and syntactic sensitive brain regions was similar across hemispheres. However, the left hemisphere had a greater tendency to distinguish between syntactic and semantic processing compared to the right hemisphere. In a last set of experiments we designed "masked-attention generation", a method that controls the attention mechanisms in transformers, in order to generate latent representations that leverage fixed-size context. This approach provides evidence of context-sensitivity across most of the cortex. Moreover, this analysis found that the left and right hemispheres tend to process shorter and longer contextual information respectively.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL-Inserm; INRIA a ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Christel Gérardin; Arthur Mageau; Arsène Mékinian; Xavier Tannier; +1 Authors

    Background Reliable and interpretable automatic extraction of clinical phenotypes from large electronic medical record databases remains a challenge, especially in a language other than English. Objective We aimed to provide an automated end-to-end extraction of cohorts of similar patients from electronic health records for systemic diseases. Methods Our multistep algorithm includes a named-entity recognition step, a multilabel classification using medical subject headings ontology, and the computation of patient similarity. A selection of cohorts of similar patients on a priori annotated phenotypes was performed. Six phenotypes were selected for their clinical significance: P1, osteoporosis; P2, nephritis in systemic erythematosus lupus; P3, interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis; P4, lung infection; P5, obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome; and P6, Takayasu arteritis. We used a training set of 151 clinical notes and an independent validation set of 256 clinical notes, with annotated phenotypes, both extracted from the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris data warehouse. We evaluated the precision of the 3 patients closest to the index patient for each phenotype with precision-at-3 and recall and average precision. Results For P1-P4, the precision-at-3 ranged from 0.85 (95% CI 0.75-0.95) to 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-1), the recall ranged from 0.53 (95% CI 0.50-0.55) to 0.83 (95% CI 0.81-0.84), and the average precision ranged from 0.58 (95% CI 0.54-0.62) to 0.88 (95% CI 0.85-0.90). P5-P6 phenotypes could not be analyzed due to the limited number of phenotypes. Conclusions Using a method close to clinical reasoning, we built a scalable and interpretable end-to-end algorithm for extracting cohorts of similar patients.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ JMIR Medical Informa...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    JMIR Medical Informatics
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    JMIR Medical Informatics
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ JMIR Medical Informa...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      JMIR Medical Informatics
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      JMIR Medical Informatics
      Article . 2022
      Data sources: DOAJ
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Catherine Tallon-Baudry;

    International audience; Subjective experiences often feel rich, yet are most often quantified with simple metrics, such as a few levels on a predefined scale. What are the dimensions and topological organization of subjective experience? How do they relate to behavioral output, how do they map onto the classical cognitive domains?

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Trends in Cognitive ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Trends in Cognitive Sciences
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    2
    citations2
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Cossin, Sébastien;

    Le développement des technologies numériques a conduit à la numérisation des informations médicales et à la dématérialisation des dossiers papiers en dossiers patients informatisés (DPI). Les données générées dans un hôpital contiennent des informations précieuses pour la recherche médicale. Les hôpitaux ont mis en place des entrepôts de données (EDS) pour faciliter l’utilisation secondaire des données. Dans un EDS, les chercheurs ont besoin d’identifier les patients éligibles à une étude clinique et de retourner au DPI pour remplir le cahier d’observation électronique d’une étude. La principale difficulté réside dans le caractère non structuré des informations médicales présentes sous forme de texte libre. Des méthodes de traitement automatique de la langue sont nécessaires pour structurer les données afin de faciliter leur interrogation et leur extraction. L’objectif de cette thèse était de développer des outils et des méthodes pour aider les chercheurs à mener des études de faisabilité et à trouver des informations dans un DPI. Les principales contributions de cette thèse sont les suivantes: une terminologie sur les médicaments en langue française. De nombreuses études s’intéressent à l’utilisation, l’efficacité et à la tolérance des médicaments en vie réelle. Les médicaments permettent aussi d’identifier certaines maladies. L’absence d’une terminologie normalisée du médicament a conduit à la construction de Romedi, référentiel ouvert du médicament, qui offre de bonnes performances pour détecter et identifier les médicaments dans les données hospitalières. Un annotateur sémantique scalable à un entrepôt de données. L’annotation sémantique consiste à relier des séquences de mots d’un document aux concepts d’une terminologie. Elle permet la détection et l’indexation de concepts médicaux. Comment indexer des millions de documents d’un EDS avec des terminologies médicales contenant plusieurs centaines de milliers de termes ? Dans ce travail, nous proposons un nouvel algorithme, IAMsystem, scalable à l’échelle d’un entrepôt de données et dont la complexité dépend peu de la taille d’une terminologie. Un inventaire de sens des abréviations médicales. Les abréviations sont largement utilisées en médecine. Elles ajoutent de la complexité aux tâches de traitement automatique de la langue et doivent être prises en compte par un annotateur sémantique. Ce travail présente deux algorithmes pour détecter automatiquement des abréviations à partir d’un corpus de documents médicaux et propose le premier inventaire d’abréviations issu de données hospitalières en langue française. Une stratégie d’appariements de données hospitalières avec les certificats de décès Le statut vital des individus est d’une importance capitale pour de nombreuses études épidémiologiques et les études de faisabilité ont besoin de connaître si les patients éligibles sont vivants ou décédés. Les grands volumes de données nécessitent de recourir à un stratagème pour diminuer le nombre de comparaisons. Nous montrons qu’un modèle d’espace vectoriel offre d’excellents résultats pour diminuer le nombre de comparaisons et qu’il est possible de générer automatiquement un gold standard à partir de données hospitalières pour apparier données hospitalières et certificats de décès par apprentissage automatique. Une interface pour la revue des DPI. Une interface, SmartCRF, a été développée pour rechercher rapidement des informations dans un DPI. Elle est constituée d’une ligne de vie, d’un moteur de recherche, d’une visionneuse de documents et d’un système de recommandation. Par rapport au logiciel métier, elle permet de diminuer le temps passé à vérifier les critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion d’une étude de faisabilité et elle facilite le remplissage d’un cahier d’observation électronique. The development of digital technologies has led to the digitization of medical information and the transformation of paper records into electronic health records (EHRs). The data generated in a hospital contains valuable information for medical research. Hospitals have set up clinical data warehouses (CDW) to facilitate the secondary use of the data. In a CDW, researchers need to identify eligible patients for a clinical study and return to an EHR to complete the electronic case report form of a study. The main difficulty is the unstructured nature of the free text medical information. Natural language processing methods are needed to structure the data to facilitate its interrogation and retrieval. The objective of this thesis was to develop tools and methods to help researchers conduct feasibility studies and find information in an EHR. The main contributions of this thesis are the following: A French drug terminology. Many studies are looking at the use, efficacy, and tolerance of medicines in daily life. Medicines can also help to identify some diseases. The lack of a standardized drug terminology has led to the construction of Romedi, a French drug terminology, which offers good performance in detecting and identifying drugs in hospital data. A scalable semantic annotator. Semantic annotation consists of linking sequences of words in a document to concepts of a terminology. It enables the detection and indexing of medical concepts. How to index millions of documents in a CDW with medical terminologies containing several hundred thousand terms? In this work, we propose a new algorithm, IAMsystem, which is scalable to the size of a data warehouse and whose complexity depends little on the size of a terminology. An inventory of French medical abbreviations. Abbreviations are widely used in medicine. They add complexity to natural language processing tasks and must be taken into account by a semantic annotator. This work presents two algorithms to automatically detect abbreviations from a corpus of medical documents and offers the first inventory of abbreviations extracted from French hospital data. Linking hospital records to death certificates. The vital status of individuals is of central importance for many epidemiological studies and feasibility studies need to know whether eligible patients are alive or dead. Large volumes of data require a strategy to reduce the number of comparisons. We show that a vector space model offers excellent results in reducing the number of comparisons and that it is possible to automatically generate a gold standard from hospital data for linking hospital data and death certificates by machine learning. A web application to support the review of EHRs An interface, SmartCRF, has been developed to quickly search for information in an EHR. It comprises a lifeline, a search engine, a document viewer, and a recommendation system. Compared to the hospital software, it reduces the time spent on checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria of a feasibility study and facilitates the completion of an electronic case report.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL-Insermarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-Inserm
    Other literature type . 2022
    Data sources: HAL-Inserm
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL-Insermarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-Inserm
      Other literature type . 2022
      Data sources: HAL-Inserm
  • Authors: Spire, Alexis; Herlin-Giret, Camille;

    International audience; Focusing on parties who consider themselves aggrieved following the purchase of a tax-exempt product, this article studies the ordinary relationship with the court and how this can evolve, before, during and after a hearing. The confrontation with lawyers and the technical nature of the proceedings tend to reinforce the feeling of dispossession among ordinary people. The succession of experiences up until the judgement nonetheless reveals the various social uses of the law and the variable relationships to the judicial institution.; Centré sur les justiciables s’estimant lésé·es suite à l’achat d’un bien défiscalisé, cet article étudie le rapport ordinaire à la justice et son évolution – avant, pendant et après l’audience. La confrontation avec les avocat·es et la technicité de la procédure tendent à renforcer le sentiment de dépossession des profanes. La succession des expériences jusqu’à la réception du jugement révèle néanmoins des usages sociaux différents du droit et des rapports variables envers l’institution judiciaire.

    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    visibility77
    visibilityviews77
    downloaddownloads4
    Powered by Usage counts
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Giuseppe Digilio; Sara Lacerda; Begoña Lavin Plaza; Alkystis Phinikaridou;

    AbstractDysregulated remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) can lead to excessive accumulation of ECM proteins (primarily collagen, elastin/ tropoelastin, fibronectin and fibrin) resulting in tissue fibrosis. In many pathologies, changes in the molecular pattern of ECM components have been related to the progression and severity of fibrosis. Thus, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes sensing specific ECM components hold promise for accurate staging of fibrotic diseases. This paper focuses on gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCA) targeted to ECM components, including structural proteins and enzymes. According to available examples, they can be grouped into: 1) GBCA conjugated to targeting vectors that recognize and non‐covalently bind to specific sites on the molecular target; 2) GBCA carrying a reactive chemical function able to bind covalently to the complementary chemical function of the molecular target; and 3) enzyme‐responsive probes, whose relaxivity and pharmacokinetics change after enzymatic processing. Pros and cons of each approach are discussed.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Analysis & Sensingarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Analysis & Sensing
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Analysis & Sensingarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Analysis & Sensing
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: C.E. Morris; C. Lacroix; C. Chandeysson; C. Guilbaud; +7 Authors

    Rivers, creeks, streams are integrators of biological, chemical and physical processes occurring in a catchment linking land cover from the headwaters to the outlet. The dynamics of human and animal pathogens in catchments have been widely studied in a large variety of contexts allowing the optimization of disease risk reduction. In parallel, there is an emerging awareness that crop pathogens might also be disseminated via surface waters especially when they are used for irrigation. However, there are no studies on the extent to which potential plant pathogens are present – nor about their dynamics - along the full course of a catchment. Here we have compared the seasonal dynamics of populations of the Pseudomonas syringae (Psy) and the Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) species complexes along a 270 km stretch of the Durance River from the upstream alpine reaches to the downstream agricultural production areas at the confluence with the Rhone River at Avignon. Among 168 samples collected at 21 sites in fall, winter, spring and summer of 2016 and 2017, Psy strains were detected at all sampling sites and in 156 of the samples at population densities up to 105 bacteria L-1. In contrast, SRP strains were detected in 98 of the samples, mostly from the southern part of the river, at population densities that did not exceed 3 ´ 104 bacteria L-1. Among the biological and chemical parameters that were characterized at each sampling site, temperature was the only factor that explained a significant amount of the variability in population size for both species complexes. Psy densities decreased with increasing temperature whereas SRP densities increased with increasing temperature. River-borne populations of SRP were composed mainly of Pectobacterium versatile and P. aquaticum that have little known epidemiological importance. Only a few strains of Pectobacterium and Dickeya species reputed for their epidemiological impact were observed. In contrast, Psy populations at all sites were dominated by a genetic lineage of phylogroup 2 known from other studies for its broad host range and its geographic and habitat ubiquity. Our observations suggest that surveillance of river water for SRP could be leveraged to signal diagnostic and management reactions to avoid disease outbreaks. In contrast, the constant presence of Psy throughout the catchment in absence of regular and widespread disease outbreaks due to this group of bacteria suggests that surveillance should focus on future changes in land use, river water conditions and agronomic practices that could destabilize the mechanisms currently holding Psy outbreaks in check. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Peer Community Journ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Peer Community Journal
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Peer Community Journal
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
    https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.0...
    Preprint . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    4
    citations4
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Carole M. Smadja; Etienne Loire; Pierre Caminade; Dany Severac; +2 Authors

    Deciphering the genetic bases of behavioural traits is essential to understanding how they evolve and contribute to adaptation and biological diversification, but it remains a substantial challenge, especially for behavioural traits with polygenic architectures. In this study, we developed a population genomics approach coupled with functional predictions to address the evolution and genetic basis of olfactory-based assortative mate preferences in the house mouse, suspected to have evolved as a response to selection against hybridisation. We used whole genome resequencing data and the C2 statistic of the program BAYPASS, which contrasts allele frequencies corrected for population structure, to characterize genetic differentiation between sets of populations with strong contrast in behaviour (expressing or not assortative mate preferences) and we identified some regions of the genome showing the expected significant and consistent association with behavioural divergence. A series of Olfactory and Vomeronasal Receptor genes, among the most differentiated genomic regions and in line with functional predictions, stand out as the prime candidates underlying this olfactory-based behavioural divergence. These genes form large gene clusters in the genome, with two main candidate clusters extending up to 1.8 Mb. Variant analyses indicate a potential dual role of regulatory and protein-coding changes in the evolution of choosiness. This study shows that combining expectations on the genomic patterns of divergence with functional expectations represents a promising route to unravelling the genetic architecture of complex trait variation and provides novel insights into the role of olfactory and vomeronasal receptors in mammal adaptation and speciation. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL-Inserm; Mémoires...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Peer Community Journal
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Peer Community Journal
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.0...
    Preprint . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    2
    citations2
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
Advanced search in Research products
Research products
arrow_drop_down
Searching FieldsTerms
Any field
arrow_drop_down
includes
arrow_drop_down
The following results are related to Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Laura Coltofean-Arizancu; Bisserka Gaydarska; Sébastien Plutniak; Laura Mary; +8 Authors

    Awareness of, and debate about, harassment, assault, bullying and intimidation (HABI) in archaeology has grown in recent years, but the issue remains under-researched. Here, the authors present the first Europe-wide survey to evaluate HABI in archaeological environments, from field to laboratory and classroom. The survey covers 18 forms of HABI, collecting more than 1000 responses from archaeologists of 49 nationalities. A total of 82 per cent of respondents report at least one HABI experience. The authors conclude that HABI is endemic in European archaeology, being experienced by all genders and ages, in multiple settings and countries. Documenting these behaviours is a critical first step to eradicating them and to achieving equity and safety in the discipline. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Paris Nanterre; ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    Access Routes
    Green
    hybrid
    3
    citations3
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Paris Nanterre; ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Claire Beaudevin; Jean-Paul Gaudillière; Christoph Gradmann;

    International audience; We look at Universal Health Coverage (UHC) through a historical investigation of the "health for all by 2000" policy adopted by the WHO in 1978. Within contemporary debates on access to care, Alma Ata is usually considered as a brief moment of well-intentioned utopia, which buckled to global health's agenda of performance metrics and targeted diseases. Such visions of primary health care (PHC) are shared references in the debates about UHC. Aiming at a less geopolitical and more local approach of the strategy's roots than the existing historiography, the paper draws from historical and ethnographic work on health policies and practices in Tanzania, Oman and Kerala (India), in which PHC was not only envisioned, but constructed as the backbone of local health systems, often prior to Alma Ata. All three states were praised for their PHC achievements. Studying them allows for emphasizing the importance of national trajectories in PHC, as well as revealing shared core issues such as the importance of access and affordability, of the focus on rural centers and the mass training of non-medical personnel, and of the articulation of vertical programs and horizontal system building. It also reveals very different trajectories in terms of duration, priorities, outcomes and international visibility.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Social Science & Med...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Social Science & Medicine
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    2
    citations2
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Social Science & Med...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Social Science & Medicine
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pasquiou, Alexandre;

    Au cours des dernières décennies, les modèles de langage (MLs) ont atteint des performances équivalentes à celles de l'homme sur plusieurs tâches. Ces modèles peuvent générer des représentations vectorielles qui capturent diverses propriétés linguistiques des mots d'un texte, telles que la sémantique ou la syntaxe. Les neuroscientifiques ont donc mis à profit ces progrès et ont commencé à utiliser ces modèles pour explorer les bases neurales de la compréhension du langage. Plus précisément, les représentations des ML calculées à partir d'une histoire sont utilisées pour modéliser les données cérébrales d'humains écoutant la même histoire, ce qui permet l'examen de plusieurs niveaux de traitement du langage dans le cerveau. Si les représentations du ML s'alignent étroitement avec une région cérébrale, il est probable que le modèle et la région codent la même information. En utilisant les données cérébrales d'IRMf de participants américains écoutant l'histoire du Petit Prince, cette thèse 1) examine les facteurs influant l'alignement entre les représentations des MLs et celles du cerveau, ainsi que 2) les limites de telles alignements. La comparaison de plusieurs MLs pré-entraînés et personnalisés (GloVe, LSTM, GPT-2 et BERT) a révélé que les Transformers s'alignent mieux aux données d'IRMf que LSTM et GloVe. Cependant, aucun d'entre eux n'est capable d'expliquer tout le signal IRMf, suggérant des limites liées au paradigme d'encodage ou aux MLs. En étudiant l'architecture des Transformers, nous avons constaté qu'aucune région cérébrale n'est mieux expliquée par une couche ou une tête d'attention spécifique. Nos résultats montrent que la nature et la quantité de données d'entraînement affectent l'alignement. Ainsi, les modèles pré-entraînés sur de petits ensembles de données ne sont pas efficaces pour capturer les activations cérébrales. Nous avons aussi montré que l'entraînement des MLs influence leur capacité à s'aligner aux données IRMf et que la perplexité n'est pas un bon prédicteur de leur capacité à s'aligner. Cependant, entraîner les MLs améliore particulièrement leur performance d'alignement dans les régions coeur de la sémantique, indépendamment de l'architecture et des données d'entraînement. Nous avons également montré que les représentations du cerveau et des MLs convergent d'abord pendant l'entraînement du modèle avant de diverger l'une de l'autre. Cette thèse examine en outre les bases neurales de la syntaxe, de la sémantique et de la sensibilité au contexte en développant une méthode qui peut sonder des dimensions linguistiques spécifiques. Cette méthode utilise des MLs restreints en information, c'est-à-dire des architectures entraînées sur des espaces de représentations contenant un type spécifique d'information. Tout d'abord, l'entraînement de MLs sur des représentations sémantiques et syntaxiques a révélé un bon alignement dans la plupart du cortex mais avec des degrés relatifs variables. La quantification de cette sensibilité relative à la syntaxe et à la sémantique a montré que les régions cérébrales les plus sensibles à la syntaxe sont plus localisées, contrairement au traitement de la sémantique qui reste largement distribué dans le cortex. Une découverte notable de cette thèse est que l'étendue des régions cérébrales sensibles à la syntaxe et à la sémantique est similaire dans les deux hémisphères. Cependant, l'hémisphère gauche a une plus grande tendance à distinguer le traitement syntaxique et sémantique par rapport à l'hémisphère droit. Dans un dernier ensemble d'expériences, nous avons conçu une méthode qui contrôle les mécanismes d'attention dans les Transformers afin de générer des représentations qui utilisent un contexte de taille fixe. Cette approche fournit des preuves de la sensibilité au contexte dans la plupart du cortex. De plus, cette analyse a révélé que les hémisphères gauche et droit avaient tendance à traiter respectivement des informations contextuelles plus courtes et plus longues. In the last decades, language models (LMs) have reached human level performance on several tasks. They can generate rich representations (features) that capture various linguistic properties such has semantics or syntax. Following these improvements, neuroscientists have increasingly used them to explore the neural bases of language comprehension. Specifically, LM's features computed from a story are used to fit the brain data of humans listening to the same story, allowing the examination of multiple levels of language processing in the brain. If LM's features closely align with a specific brain region, then it suggests that both the model and the region are encoding the same information. LM-brain comparisons can then teach us about language processing in the brain. Using the fMRI brain data of fifty US participants listening to "The Little Prince" story, this thesis 1) investigates the reasons why LMs' features fit brain activity and 2) examines the limitations of such comparisons. The comparison of several pre-trained and custom-trained LMs (GloVe, LSTM, GPT-2 and BERT) revealed that Transformers better fit fMRI brain data than LSTM and GloVe. Yet, none are able to explain all the fMRI signal, suggesting either limitations related to the encoding paradigm or to the LMs. Focusing specifically on Transformers, we found that no brain region is better fitted by specific attentional head or layer. Our results caution that the nature and the amount of training data greatly affects the outcome, indicating that using off-the-shelf models trained on small datasets is not effective in capturing brain activations. We showed that LMs' training influences their ability to fit fMRI brain data, and that perplexity was not a good predictor of brain score. Still, training LMs particularly improves their fitting performance in core semantic regions, irrespective of the architecture and training data. Moreover, we showed a partial convergence between brain's and LM's representations.Specifically, they first converge during model training before diverging from one another. This thesis further investigates the neural bases of syntax, semantics and context-sensitivity by developing a method that can probe specific linguistic dimensions. This method makes use of "information-restricted LMs", that are customized LMs architectures trained on feature spaces containing a specific type of information, in order to fit brain data. First, training LMs on semantic and syntactic features revealed a good fitting performance in a widespread network, albeit with varying relative degrees. The quantification of this relative sensitivity to syntax and semantics showed that brain regions most attuned to syntax tend to be more localized, while semantic processing remain widely distributed over the cortex. One notable finding from this analysis was that the extent of semantic and syntactic sensitive brain regions was similar across hemispheres. However, the left hemisphere had a greater tendency to distinguish between syntactic and semantic processing compared to the right hemisphere. In a last set of experiments we designed "masked-attention generation", a method that controls the attention mechanisms in transformers, in order to generate latent representations that leverage fixed-size context. This approach provides evidence of context-sensitivity across most of the cortex. Moreover, this analysis found that the left and right hemispheres tend to process shorter and longer contextual information respectively.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL-Inserm; INRIA a ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Christel Gérardin; Arthur Mageau; Arsène Mékinian; Xavier Tannier; +1 Authors

    Background Reliable and interpretable automatic extraction of clinical phenotypes from large electronic medical record databases remains a challenge, especially in a language other than English. Objective We aimed to provide an automated end-to-end extraction of cohorts of similar patients from electronic health records for systemic diseases. Methods Our multistep algorithm includes a named-entity recognition step, a multilabel classification using medical subject headings ontology, and the computation of patient similarity. A selection of cohorts of similar patients on a priori annotated phenotypes was performed. Six phenotypes were selected for their clinical significance: P1, osteoporosis; P2, nephritis in systemic erythematosus lupus; P3, interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis; P4, lung infection; P5, obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome; and P6, Takayasu arteritis. We used a training set of 151 clinical notes and an independent validation set of 256 clinical notes, with annotated phenotypes, both extracted from the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris data warehouse. We evaluated the precision of the 3 patients closest to the index patient for each phenotype with precision-at-3 and recall and average precision. Results For P1-P4, the precision-at-3 ranged from 0.85 (95% CI 0.75-0.95) to 0.99 (95% CI 0.98-1), the recall ranged from 0.53 (95% CI 0.50-0.55) to 0.83 (95% CI 0.81-0.84), and the average precision ranged from 0.58 (95% CI 0.54-0.62) to 0.88 (95% CI 0.85-0.90). P5-P6 phenotypes could not be analyzed due to the limited number of phenotypes. Conclusions Using a method close to clinical reasoning, we built a scalable and interpretable end-to-end algorithm for extracting cohorts of similar patients.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ JMIR Medical Informa...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    JMIR Medical Informatics
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    JMIR Medical Informatics
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ JMIR Medical Informa...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      JMIR Medical Informatics
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      JMIR Medical Informatics
      Article . 2022
      Data sources: DOAJ
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Catherine Tallon-Baudry;

    International audience; Subjective experiences often feel rich, yet are most often quantified with simple metrics, such as a few levels on a predefined scale. What are the dimensions and topological organization of subjective experience? How do they relate to behavioral output, how do they map onto the classical cognitive domains?

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Trends in Cognitive ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Trends in Cognitive Sciences
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    2
    citations2
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Cossin, Sébastien;

    Le développement des technologies numériques a conduit à la numérisation des informations médicales et à la dématérialisation des dossiers papiers en dossiers patients informatisés (DPI). Les données générées dans un hôpital contiennent des informations précieuses pour la recherche médicale. Les hôpitaux ont mis en place des entrepôts de données (EDS) pour faciliter l’utilisation secondaire des données. Dans un EDS, les chercheurs ont besoin d’identifier les patients éligibles à une étude clinique et de retourner au DPI pour remplir le cahier d’observation électronique d’une étude. La principale difficulté réside dans le caractère non structuré des informations médicales présentes sous forme de texte libre. Des méthodes de traitement automatique de la langue sont nécessaires pour structurer les données afin de faciliter leur interrogation et leur extraction. L’objectif de cette thèse était de développer des outils et des méthodes pour aider les chercheurs à mener des études de faisabilité et à trouver des informations dans un DPI. Les principales contributions de cette thèse sont les suivantes: une terminologie sur les médicaments en langue française. De nombreuses études s’intéressent à l’utilisation, l’efficacité et à la tolérance des médicaments en vie réelle. Les médicaments permettent aussi d’identifier certaines maladies. L’absence d’une terminologie normalisée du médicament a conduit à la construction de Romedi, référentiel ouvert du médicament, qui offre de bonnes performances pour détecter et identifier les médicaments dans les données hospitalières. Un annotateur sémantique scalable à un entrepôt de données. L’annotation sémantique consiste à relier des séquences de mots d’un document aux concepts d’une terminologie. Elle permet la détection et l’indexation de concepts médicaux. Comment indexer des millions de documents d’un EDS avec des terminologies médicales contenant plusieurs centaines de milliers de termes ? Dans ce travail, nous proposons un nouvel algorithme, IAMsystem, scalable à l’échelle d’un entrepôt de données et dont la complexité dépend peu de la taille d’une terminologie. Un inventaire de sens des abréviations médicales. Les abréviations sont largement utilisées en médecine. Elles ajoutent de la complexité aux tâches de traitement automatique de la langue et doivent être prises en compte par un annotateur sémantique. Ce travail présente deux algorithmes pour détecter automatiquement des abréviations à partir d’un corpus de documents médicaux et propose le premier inventaire d’abréviations issu de données hospitalières en langue française. Une stratégie d’appariements de données hospitalières avec les certificats de décès Le statut vital des individus est d’une importance capitale pour de nombreuses études épidémiologiques et les études de faisabilité ont besoin de connaître si les patients éligibles sont vivants ou décédés. Les grands volumes de données nécessitent de recourir à un stratagème pour diminuer le nombre de comparaisons. Nous montrons qu’un modèle d’espace vectoriel offre d’excellents résultats pour diminuer le nombre de comparaisons et qu’il est possible de générer automatiquement un gold standard à partir de données hospitalières pour apparier données hospitalières et certificats de décès par apprentissage automatique. Une interface pour la revue des DPI. Une interface, SmartCRF, a été développée pour rechercher rapidement des informations dans un DPI. Elle est constituée d’une ligne de vie, d’un moteur de recherche, d’une visionneuse de documents et d’un système de recommandation. Par rapport au logiciel métier, elle permet de diminuer le temps passé à vérifier les critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion d’une étude de faisabilité et elle facilite le remplissage d’un cahier d’observation électronique. The development of digital technologies has led to the digitization of medical information and the transformation of paper records into electronic health records (EHRs). The data generated in a hospital contains valuable information for medical research. Hospitals have set up clinical data warehouses (CDW) to facilitate the secondary use of the data. In a CDW, researchers need to identify eligible patients for a clinical study and return to an EHR to complete the electronic case report form of a study. The main difficulty is the unstructured nature of the free text medical information. Natural language processing methods are needed to structure the data to facilitate its interrogation and retrieval. The objective of this thesis was to develop tools and methods to help researchers conduct feasibility studies and find information in an EHR. The main contributions of this thesis are the following: A French drug terminology. Many studies are looking at the use, efficacy, and tolerance of medicines in daily life. Medicines can also help to identify some diseases. The lack of a standardized drug terminology has led to the construction of Romedi, a French drug terminology, which offers good performance in detecting and identifying drugs in hospital data. A scalable semantic annotator. Semantic annotation consists of linking sequences of words in a document to concepts of a terminology. It enables the detection and indexing of medical concepts. How to index millions of documents in a CDW with medical terminologies containing several hundred thousand terms? In this work, we propose a new algorithm, IAMsystem, which is scalable to the size of a data warehouse and whose complexity depends little on the size of a terminology. An inventory of French medical abbreviations. Abbreviations are widely used in medicine. They add complexity to natural language processing tasks and must be taken into account by a semantic annotator. This work presents two algorithms to automatically detect abbreviations from a corpus of medical documents and offers the first inventory of abbreviations extracted from French hospital data. Linking hospital records to death certificates. The vital status of individuals is of central importance for many epidemiological studies and feasibility studies need to know whether eligible patients are alive or dead. Large volumes of data require a strategy to reduce the number of comparisons. We show that a vector space model offers excellent results in reducing the number of comparisons and that it is possible to automatically generate a gold standard from hospital data for linking hospital data and death certificates by machine learning. A web application to support the review of EHRs An interface, SmartCRF, has been developed to quickly search for information in an EHR. It comprises a lifeline, a search engine, a document viewer, and a recommendation system. Compared to the hospital software, it reduces the time spent on checking the inclusion and exclusion criteria of a feasibility study and facilitates the completion of an electronic case report.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL-Insermarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-Inserm
    Other literature type . 2022
    Data sources: HAL-Inserm
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL-Insermarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-Inserm
      Other literature type . 2022
      Data sources: HAL-Inserm
  • Authors: Spire, Alexis; Herlin-Giret, Camille;

    International audience; Focusing on parties who consider themselves aggrieved following the purchase of a tax-exempt product, this article studies the ordinary relationship with the court and how this can evolve, before, during and after a hearing. The confrontation with lawyers and the technical nature of the proceedings tend to reinforce the feeling of dispossession among ordinary people. The succession of experiences up until the judgement nonetheless reveals the various social uses of the law and the variable relationships to the judicial institution.; Centré sur les justiciables s’estimant lésé·es suite à l’achat d’un bien défiscalisé, cet article étudie le rapport ordinaire à la justice et son évolution – avant, pendant et après l’audience. La confrontation avec les avocat·es et la technicité de la procédure tendent à renforcer le sentiment de dépossession des profanes. La succession des expériences jusqu’à la réception du jugement révèle néanmoins des usages sociaux différents du droit et des rapports variables envers l’institution judiciaire.

    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    visibility77
    visibilityviews77
    downloaddownloads4
    Powered by Usage counts
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Giuseppe Digilio; Sara Lacerda; Begoña Lavin Plaza; Alkystis Phinikaridou;

    AbstractDysregulated remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) can lead to excessive accumulation of ECM proteins (primarily collagen, elastin/ tropoelastin, fibronectin and fibrin) resulting in tissue fibrosis. In many pathologies, changes in the molecular pattern of ECM components have been related to the progression and severity of fibrosis. Thus, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes sensing specific ECM components hold promise for accurate staging of fibrotic diseases. This paper focuses on gadolinium‐based contrast agents (GBCA) targeted to ECM components, including structural proteins and enzymes. According to available examples, they can be grouped into: 1) GBCA conjugated to targeting vectors that recognize and non‐covalently bind to specific sites on the molecular target; 2) GBCA carrying a reactive chemical function able to bind covalently to the complementary chemical function of the molecular target; and 3) enzyme‐responsive probes, whose relaxivity and pharmacokinetics change after enzymatic processing. Pros and cons of each approach are discussed.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Analysis & Sensingarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Analysis & Sensing
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    0
    citations0
    popularityAverage
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Analysis & Sensingarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Analysis & Sensing
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC
      Data sources: Crossref
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: C.E. Morris; C. Lacroix; C. Chandeysson; C. Guilbaud; +7 Authors

    Rivers, creeks, streams are integrators of biological, chemical and physical processes occurring in a catchment linking land cover from the headwaters to the outlet. The dynamics of human and animal pathogens in catchments have been widely studied in a large variety of contexts allowing the optimization of disease risk reduction. In parallel, there is an emerging awareness that crop pathogens might also be disseminated via surface waters especially when they are used for irrigation. However, there are no studies on the extent to which potential plant pathogens are present – nor about their dynamics - along the full course of a catchment. Here we have compared the seasonal dynamics of populations of the Pseudomonas syringae (Psy) and the Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) species complexes along a 270 km stretch of the Durance River from the upstream alpine reaches to the downstream agricultural production areas at the confluence with the Rhone River at Avignon. Among 168 samples collected at 21 sites in fall, winter, spring and summer of 2016 and 2017, Psy strains were detected at all sampling sites and in 156 of the samples at population densities up to 105 bacteria L-1. In contrast, SRP strains were detected in 98 of the samples, mostly from the southern part of the river, at population densities that did not exceed 3 ´ 104 bacteria L-1. Among the biological and chemical parameters that were characterized at each sampling site, temperature was the only factor that explained a significant amount of the variability in population size for both species complexes. Psy densities decreased with increasing temperature whereas SRP densities increased with increasing temperature. River-borne populations of SRP were composed mainly of Pectobacterium versatile and P. aquaticum that have little known epidemiological importance. Only a few strains of Pectobacterium and Dickeya species reputed for their epidemiological impact were observed. In contrast, Psy populations at all sites were dominated by a genetic lineage of phylogroup 2 known from other studies for its broad host range and its geographic and habitat ubiquity. Our observations suggest that surveillance of river water for SRP could be leveraged to signal diagnostic and management reactions to avoid disease outbreaks. In contrast, the constant presence of Psy throughout the catchment in absence of regular and widespread disease outbreaks due to this group of bacteria suggests that surveillance should focus on future changes in land use, river water conditions and agronomic practices that could destabilize the mechanisms currently holding Psy outbreaks in check. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Peer Community Journ...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Peer Community Journal
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Peer Community Journal
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
    https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.0...
    Preprint . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    4
    citations4
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Carole M. Smadja; Etienne Loire; Pierre Caminade; Dany Severac; +2 Authors

    Deciphering the genetic bases of behavioural traits is essential to understanding how they evolve and contribute to adaptation and biological diversification, but it remains a substantial challenge, especially for behavioural traits with polygenic architectures. In this study, we developed a population genomics approach coupled with functional predictions to address the evolution and genetic basis of olfactory-based assortative mate preferences in the house mouse, suspected to have evolved as a response to selection against hybridisation. We used whole genome resequencing data and the C2 statistic of the program BAYPASS, which contrasts allele frequencies corrected for population structure, to characterize genetic differentiation between sets of populations with strong contrast in behaviour (expressing or not assortative mate preferences) and we identified some regions of the genome showing the expected significant and consistent association with behavioural divergence. A series of Olfactory and Vomeronasal Receptor genes, among the most differentiated genomic regions and in line with functional predictions, stand out as the prime candidates underlying this olfactory-based behavioural divergence. These genes form large gene clusters in the genome, with two main candidate clusters extending up to 1.8 Mb. Variant analyses indicate a potential dual role of regulatory and protein-coding changes in the evolution of choosiness. This study shows that combining expectations on the genomic patterns of divergence with functional expectations represents a promising route to unravelling the genetic architecture of complex trait variation and provides novel insights into the role of olfactory and vomeronasal receptors in mammal adaptation and speciation. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL-Inserm; Mémoires...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Peer Community Journal
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Peer Community Journal
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.0...
    Preprint . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    addClaim

    This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

    You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.
    2
    citations2
    popularityTop 10%
    influenceAverage
    impulseAverage
    BIP!Powered by BIP!
    more_vert