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The animalisation of women is a recurrent strategy of dehumanisation in Manosphere discourses. Its normalisation as a social phenomenon and its popularity are rooted in short and sententious genres (proverbs, sayings, etc.), which have significantly contributed to reaffirming the status quo of domination largely assigned to men in myths and philosophical theories. This article analyses the use of misogynistic zoomorphism in Burbuja.info, a Spanish economic forum whose extreme neoliberal perspective provides a suitable breeding ground for sexism. The corpus was constructed by identifying the most frequent examples of zoomorphism detected in an initial search of the approximately six million comments posted in the forum between 1 January 2022 and 31 May 2023. The research combines different digital techniques for the construction and quantitative analysis of the corpus with a qualitative analysis of examples of misogynistic zoomorphism. The analysis reveals that, while hostile sexist comments do a systematic comparison of women with the most undesirable traits culturally associated with animals, the positive aspects are never transferred to figurative use. The research also highlights the role played by some rhetorical strategies in the discursive construction of misogyny, such as metaphorical use of humour. This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (Spain) under the Grant PID2019-105613GB-C31 ‘Mapping of Hate Speech in Spain’ research project.

L’article proposa un replantejament del paper de les terres gironines en la cultura trobadoresca, centrat sobretot en les circumstàncies de la possible etapa inicial de l’activitat de Cerverí (el moment en què es va convertir en Cerverí de Girona), la interpretació del sentit de la ruta de la seva Recepta de xarob i, finalment, la reconstrucció d’un cercle poètic entorn de la catedral de Girona. Per a tots aquests aspectes, combina l’anàlisi literària amb les dades històriques, tot recollint informació dispersa i inèdita sobre els personatges rellevants. En resulten exemples evidents de la implicació de la noblesa amb la cultura trobadoresca i de la manera com la lírica dels trobadors reflecteix les xarxes familiars i polítiques, i així complementa la visió que tradicionalment s’ha tingut de les relacions entre la noblesa i la reialesa en moments de conflicte. This article proposes a reassessment of the role played by the Girona area in troubadour culture, focusing in particular on the circumstances surrounding a possible initial stage in Cerverí’s career (when he became Cerverí de Girona), on interpreting the route described in his Recepta de xarob and, finally, on reconstructing a poetry circle centred upon the cathedral of Girona. By combining literary analysis and historical data, which bring together scattered and unpublished details about the figures studied, we are able to provide clear examples of the nobility’s engagement in the fostering of troubadour culture. As the troubadours’ lyrical poetry reflects a network of political and family exchanges, the article complements the traditional vision of the relationship between the monarchy and the nobility in times of conflict. Aquest treball s’inscriu dins dels projectes de recerca finançats “Cultura escrita cortés en la Corona de Aragón: materialidad, transmisión y recepción” (PID2019-109214GB-I00) i “Troubadours and European Identity: The Role of Catalan Courts” (Recercaixa 2015 ACUP 00127).

Los traslados preventivos de familias y autoridades fuera de las ciudades en periodos de epidemia son una constante histórica que puede comprobarse en la Cataluña de la baja Edad Media. A lo largo de la secuencia de brotes posteriores a la Peste Negra y hasta inicios del siglo XVI se documenta esta dinámica en el conjunto de la red urbana catalana y de otros territorios de la Corona de Aragón. En el presente artículo se examinan lo que no siempre fueron huidas desesperadas, sino reacciones que se acaban integrando con relativa normalidad en el funcionamiento de las instituciones. Asimismo, se evalúan el alcance y los límites de utilizar estos traslados al entorno rural en momentos de contagio como indicador para avanzar en la reconstrucción de la secuencia epidémica de la Cataluña del siglo XV centrándonos en los casos significativos de las ciudades de Barcelona y Girona a partir de dos fuentes complementarias, vinculadas a sus respectivos gobiernos municipales. The preventive transfers of families and authorities out of towns in periods of epidemics are a historical constant that can be seen in Catalonia in the late Middle Ages. During the sequence of outbreaks following the Black Death and up to the beginning of the sixteenth century, this dynamic is documented throughout the Catalan urban network and in other territories of the Crown of Aragon. This article examines escapes that were not always desperate, but rather reactions that were ultimately integrated relatively normally into the functioning of institutions. It also assesses the extent and limits of the use these movements to the countryside at times of contagion as a parameter in order to reconstruct the epidemic sequence in fifteenth-century Catalonia, focusing on the significant cases of the cities of Barcelona and Girona from two complementary sources linked to their respective municipal governments. Este trabajo se ha preparado en el marco del proyecto “Más allá de la Peste Negra. Epidemias y crisis de mortalidad en el nordeste peninsular, siglos XI-XVI: reconstrucción de ciclos, medición de efectos y análisis de respuestas, EPIDEMED” (PID2020-117839GB-I00) y en el seno del grupo de investigación “ARQHISTEC - Economies alimentàries i dinàmiques de població a la Mediterrània occidental: grup d’arqueologia i història de les societats premodernes” (2021 SGR 01607).

Despite substantial evidence that media fans are increasingly travelling to the filming locations for movies and TV series, research on core tribal fan film tourists’ travel motivations remains limited. This paper contributes to the scarce literature on this question with a study of the fan tourism phenomenon inspired by the fiction TV series Game of Thrones. The study is based on 68 semi-structured in-depth interviews with fans of the series; specifically, core fan community members who have travelled to one or more of the series’ filming locations. A thematic analysis of the interview responses reveals three main travel motivations: affective identification with characters; the existence of parallels between fiction and history; and the desire to feel part of a collective identity. The findings suggest that tourism motivated by Game of Thrones is the result of a profound emotional and narrative attachment to the series on the part of fans, with a combination of playful and serious elements. On the theoretical level, this paper contributes to the scholarly literature on fan film tourism. It also reveals that a better understanding of fans’ needs could support tourist destination managers in the creation of added value for fan film tourists. This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and Spanish State Research Agency [project ‘Qualitative and quantitative analysis of tourism-inducing factors of audiovisual fiction, and their effects on audiences and potential tourists’. PID2020-112668GB I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033]; and European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement [grant number 843473].

Terracing is found widely in the Mediterranean and in other hilly and mountainous regions of the world. Yet while archaeological attention to these ‘mundane’ landscape features has grown, they remain understudied, particularly in Northern Europe. Here, the authors present a multidisciplinary study of terraces in the Breamish Valley, Northumberland. The results date their construction to the Early to Middle Bronze Age, when they were built by cutting back the hillside, stone clearance and wall construction. Environmental evidence points to their use for cereal cultivation. The authors suggest that the construction and use of these terraces formed part of an Early to Middle Bronze Age agricultural intensification, which may have been both demographically and culturally driven.

As the share of renewable energy grows worldwide, flexible energy production from peak-operating hydropower and the phenomenon of hydropeaking have received increasing attention. In this study, we collected open research questions from 220 experts in river science, practice, and policy across the globe using an online survey available in six languages related to hydropeaking. We used a systematic method of determining expert consensus (Delphi method) to identify 100 high-priority questions related to the following thematic fields: (a) hydrology, (b) physico-chemical properties of water, (c) river morphology and sediment dynamics, (d) ecology and biology, (e) socio-economic topics, (f) energy markets, (g) policy and regulation, and (h) management and mitigation measures. The consensus list of high-priority questions shall inform and guide researchers in focusing their efforts to foster a better science-policy interface, thereby improving the sustainability of peak-operating hydropower in a variety of settings. We find that there is already a strong understanding of the ecological impact of hydropeaking and efficient mitigation techniques to support sustainable hydropower. Yet, a disconnect remains in its policy and management implementation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 187 ISSN:1364-0321

Because forests provide a myriad of essential services to society, sustainable forest management that considers and promotes the multifunctional role of forests is of key importance. Understanding how forests have been and are being managed is essential to learn how current forest landscapes have been shaped and how management could be improved to better address all societal needs. Spain makes for an interesting case study due to its dramatic expansion in forest cover over the last 150 years following ambitious national reforestation and afforestation initiatives, as well as for its diversity of forest ecosystems and management approaches. However, a national-level assessment of such a development is currently missing. Therefore, our objective was to document and analyse the development of forest management practices in Spain since the mid-20th century. We developed narratives to describe the trends in 11 indicators of forest management decision-making and practices. Results show that while some decisions have evolved towards promoting multifunctionality (e.g., soil cultivation), others have intensified to maximize production at the expense of other ecosystem services (e.g., naturalness of tree species) and others have not changed much during the past 80 years (e.g., type of regeneration). The analysis also showed that some of the indicators have been conditioned by technological innovations (e.g., machine operation) and by the development of certain policies and legislation (e.g., the application of chemical agents). Based on these trends, we identified the main challenges that forest management in general, and in Spain in particular, may face as well as some decisions that may have to be reconsidered (cutting regime, tree maturity, naturalness of tree species) if the country wants to transition towards alternative silvicultural approaches that promote multifunctionality. In addition, a transition towards mixed-species, uneven-aged forests alongside with genetic improvement of tree species would also facilitate rising to one of the main challenges that forest management faces: to develop a climate-smart forestry that contributes to the mitigation of and adaptation to global change. SdM benfitted from a Serra-Húnter Fellowship provided by the Government of Catalonia. PJV contributed to this research as part of the GenTree project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 676876. ME and SdM also contributed to this research as part of the SUPERB project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 101036849.