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A rare and unusual large solitary discoidal fossil has been discovered on a paving slab quarried from the cyclothems of the Central Clare Group (Kinderscoutian, Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous), western Ireland. The fossil impression consists of a smooth raised inner discoidal area, surrounded by a slightly lower relief outer ring, ca. 130–135 mm in diameter, with eight prominent equidistant ovoid raised nodes towards the outermost margin. The octoradial body plan of this enigmatic specimen suggests a cnidarian connection and, as it is preserved as a positive hyporelief cast, it is tentatively interpreted as the resting trace of a large benthic anemone, which was either partially or fully infaunal. The discoidal fossil is interesting palaeoecologically; it occurs within the well-known Liscannor flag-stone, which consists of thinly bedded, fine-grained sandstone that is extensively covered by prominent, sinuous to meandering, horizontal grazing trails attributed to Psammichnites plummeri. This sedimentary facies likely represents mouth-bar sedimentation on a delta front of a river-dominated delta. The discoidal impression occurs on a portion of the slab where these trace fossils are relatively scarce. Uncertainty surrounds the classification and interpretation of the disc due to its relatively simple morphological form, coupled with a lack of unequivocally diagnostic features — a problem commonly encountered in studies of discoidal fossils from both the Ediacaran and the Phanerozoic

Abstract Deep neural network algorithms are becoming intimately involved in the politics of the border, and are themselves bordering devices in that they classify, divide and demarcate boundaries in data. Deep learning involves much more than the deployment of technologies at the border, and is reordering what the border means, how the boundaries of political community can be imagined. Where the biometric border rendered the border mobile through its inscription in the body, the deep border generates the racialized body in novel forms that extend the reach of state violence. The deep border is written through the machine learning models that make the world in their own image – as clusters of attributes and feature spaces from which data examples can be drawn. The ‘depth’ that becomes imaginable in computer science models of the indefinite multiplication of layers in a neural network begins to resonate with state desires for a reach into the attributes of population. The border is spatially reimagined as a set of always possible functions, features, and clusters – as a ‘line of best fit’ where the fraught politics of the border can be condensed and resolved.

The strongly varying benthic δ18O levels of the early and mid-Miocene (23 to 14 Myr ago) are primarily caused by a combination of changes in Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) volume and deep-ocean temperatures. These factors are coupled since AIS changes affect deep-ocean temperatures. It has recently been argued that this is due to changes in ice sheet area rather than volume because area changes affect the surface albedo. This finding would be important when the transient AIS grows relatively faster in extent than in thickness, which we test here. We analyse simulations of Miocene AIS variability carried out using the three-dimensional ice sheet model IMAU-ICE forced by warm (high CO2, no ice) and cold (low CO2, large East AIS) climate snapshots. These simulations comprise equilibrium and idealized quasi-orbital transient runs with strongly varying CO2 levels (280 to 840 ppm). Our simulations show a limited direct effect of East AIS changes on Miocene orbital-timescale benthic δ18O variability because of the slow build-up of volume. However, we find that relative to the equilibrium ice sheet size, the AIS area adapts significantly faster and more strongly than volume to the applied forcing variability. Consequently, during certain intervals the ice sheet is receding at the margins, while ice is still building up in the interior. That means the AIS does not adapt to a changing equilibrium size at the same rate or with the same sign everywhere. Our results indicate that the Miocene Antarctic Ice Sheet affects deep-ocean temperatures more than its volume suggests.

AbstractParticipatory and collaborative approaches in sustainability science and public health research contribute to co-producing evidence that can support interventions by involving diverse societal actors that range from individual citizens to entire communities. However, existing philosophical accounts of evidence are not adequate to deal with the kind of evidence generated and used in such approaches. In this paper, we present an account of evidence as clues for action through participatory and collaborative research inspired by philosopher Susan Haack’s theory of evidence. Differently from most accounts of evidence for use in policies and interventions, our account combines action-oriented (the how) and actors-oriented (the who) considerations. We build on Haack’s theory and on the analysis of examples of participatory and collaborative research in sustainability science and public health research to flesh out six procedural criteria for the generation and mobilization of evidence in and from participatory research. Action-oriented criteria invite to look at evidence from a (a) foundherentist, (b) gradational and (c) quasi-holistic perspective. Actors-oriented criteria point out that evidence generation and utilization are (d) social, (e) personal, and (f) embedded. We suggest that these criteria may reinforce participatory and collaborative approaches to evidence co-production when addressing complex problems in sustainability science and public health allowing for the generation of a kind of practical objectivity.

In the global history of contemporary meteorological infrastructure, the focus is often on either Cold War computers and satellites or nineteenth-century international organizations (Edwards 2010)Footnote1. I would like to propose another vital infrastructural project on which the later existence of American and Soviet satellites and computers depended: structural weather balloon campaigns, organized mainly on the European mainland between 1890 and 1933. Three recent monographs can help us create a new agenda for a history of the German-speaking world as a key site for the sudden emergence of new meteorological infrastructure

This article examines a case of medieval adaptation which is not usually considered as a translation but forms part of a translation continuum in that is loosely adapts its base text into a different context through the insertion of translated extracts into a new narrative. Such ‘translation’ results in an interplay between rewriting and respect for authority which produces new works which are paradoxically both original and derivative at the same time. A particularly illustrative case in that regard is the insertion of translated extracts from the geographical section of the twelfth-century Latin encyclopaedia Imago mundi into vernacular works of different genres. This article takes as its case study the incorporation of Imago mundi material into Juan de Mena’s Laberinto de Fortuna

Semantic web technology is increasingly being used in projects of humanities researchers, such as historians and literary scholars. This technology makes it easier to access large-scale data sets from the cultural heritage world, such as the indexes on persons and locations of the Amsterdam City Archives. Semantic web technology also facilitates the integration of different data sources into knowledge graphs, which in turn enables cross-data set analyzes that were previously infeasible. This makes it possible, for example, to reconstruct someone's life on the basis of primary archival sources. However, the integration of different historical data sets entails a number of complications. Because the majority of these archival data sets are aimed at providing quick and easy access, it is likely that the same person is included multiple times within a single data set, or may also appear multiple times in different data sets, each time with a new entry and unique identifier. Until these unique entries are resolved and the duplicate entities are disambiguated, it is not yet possible to conduct this type of investigation. This dissertation offers a solution to this problem and describes a method to reduce, if not solve, the number of duplicates in a set of knowledge graphs by clustering these unique entries, where each cluster represents a single real life object. To this end, it describes the application of so-called `embeddings': a technique for making computer-readable representations of entities such as nodes in a knowledge graph. The method described in this thesis constructs the embeddings such that a high similarity between two nodes is indicative of a duplicate. However, relying on these pairwise matches is not without risks. For example, the application of a threshold value can lead to a transitivity violation. That is, the entity pairs $(A, B)$ and $(B, C)$ can both have high similarity, but this need not be the case for pair $(A, C)$. To address this issue, we employ algorithms that make use of the pairwise similarities to find clusters that conform as best as possible to the computed similarities. Nevertheless, it happens that these clustering algorithms produce false positives and negatives. To counteract this and significantly improve the clustering results, this work describes the use of domain-specific knowledge and constraints to detect and correct clustering errors. An example of such a restriction is that one cannot marry oneself or that a person is first baptized and then buried.

Abstract: This essay addresses the status of voice and print in dialect poetry through a study of its mid-nineteenth-century heyday in British literature. Dialect poems are often imagined to render oral forms into print, so that their writtenness appears secondary and belated. This essay argues differently, proposing that the Victorian poets it considers—William Barnes, Janet Hamilton, and Ralph Ditchfield—instead develop original forms of expression from the interaction of speech and text. Rather than needing to be liberated from print by voice, Victorian dialect poems play on the difficulty of their being spoken, thriving on the difference between types of language and varieties of audience.