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So-called ‘forgotten’ or ‘orphan’ crops are an important component of strategies aimed at preserving and promoting biodiversity. Knowledge of historical cultivation, usage, and geographic and evolutionary trajectories of plants, that is, crop history research, is important for the long-term success of such efforts. However, research biases in the crops chosen for study may present hurdles. This review attempts to systematically identify patterns in crop species representativeness within archaeology-based crop history research. A meta-analysis and synthesis of archaeo- botanical evidence (and lack thereof) is presented for 268 species known to have been cultivated for food prior to 1492 CE from the Mediterranean region to South Asia. We identified 39 genera with known crop plants in this geographical and histor- ical context that are currently absent from its archaeobotanical record, constituting ‘orphan’ crops of archaeobotany. In addition, a worldwide synthesis of crop species studied using geometric morphometric, archaeogenetic and stable isotope analyses of archaeological plant remains is presented, and biases in the species represented in these disciplines are discussed. Both disciplinary methodological biases and economic agenda-based biases affecting species representativeness in crop history research are apparent. This study also highlights the limited geographic diffusion of most crops and the potential for deeper historical perspectives on how crops become marginal- ized and ‘forgotten’. L'agrobiodiversité est un puissant levier d'action de l'agriculture durable à l'échelle mondiale. La culture, la conservation et la réintroduction de diverses espèces végétales, y compris les cultures ‘oubliées’ et ‘sous-utilisées’, contribuent à l'agrobiodiversité mondiale, aux écosystèmes vivants et à la production alimentaire durable. Ces actions bénéficient des connaissances traditionnelles et historiques des trajectoires évolutives et culturelles des plantes cultivées. Cette étude représente une première tentative de mesure systématique de la représentativité des espèces dans les études des restes archéologiques de plantes. Les résultats indiquent que, en plus des sources de biais méthodologiques spécifiques à la discipline, les biais agricoles modernes peuvent se répliquer dans la recherche sur l'histoire des cultures et influencer la compréhension des ‘cultures oubliées’. Reconnaître ces biais est un premier pas vers leur rectification et la promotion de l'agrobiodiversité dans la recherche et les applications pratiques. International audience

L’article étudie la fonction et la nature des proverbes cités dans les « Colloques familiers » contenus dans L’Interprete sinottico, quatrième partie de La Novissima grammatica delle tré lingue italiana, francese e spagnuola (1668) de Giovanni Alessandro Lonchamps. Après avoir montré qu’au XVIIe siècle en Italie, comme partout en Europe, il existait un grand intérêt pour la langue et la culture françaises et que le proverbe était à l’époque un fait de langue à la mode, l’auteur étudie les proverbes qui se trouvent dans les « Colloques familiers » utilisés pour faciliter l’apprentissage du français, de l’italien et de l’espagnol. Quel genre de proverbes sont utilisés comme exemples dans ces dialogues ? De quelle manière sont-ils présentés ? Et surtout, sont-ils attestés ou bien ont-ils été traduits d’une langue à l’autre ? This article studies the function and nature of the proverbs quoted in the “Colloques familiers” contained in L’Interprete sinottico, fourth part of La Novissima grammatica delle tré lingue italiana, francese e spagnuola (1668) by Giovanni Alessandro Lonchamps. After showing that in the 17th century in Italy, as everywhere in Europe, there was a strong interest in the French language and culture and that the proverbs were quoted all the time, the author studies the proverbs found in the “Colloques familiers” used to facilitate the learning of French, Italian and Spanish. What kinds of proverbs are used as examples in these dialogues? How are they presented? And above all, are they attested or were they translated from one language to another?

Lo studio indaga l’Italiano Lingua Ereditaria (ILE) focalizzandosi su un aspetto che è stato finora poco approfondito dalle sempre più numerose ricerche sul tema: le strategie didattiche più adatte ai parlanti ereditari, per i quali l’italiano fa parte del patrimonio linguistico personale e familiare e ha uno status peculiare rispetto alle altre lingue. Il contributo illustra le potenzialità edulinguistiche dei messaggi pubblicitari che promuovono il territorio italiano nell’insegnamento dell’ILE e sottolinea come questi testi possano coinvolgere in maniera profonda gli studenti che hanno origini italiane e sono legati a specifiche aree dell’Italia per rapporti familiari, conoscenze culturali, esperienze personali e aspetti identitari. In tale prospettiva, si discutono i vantaggi edulinguistici dei messaggi pubblicitari, con particolare riferimento alla promozione turistica, commerciale, relativa alle produzioni locali, e istituzionale del territorio. Si esemplificano, inoltre, pubblicità di diverse aree italiane, come input motivante ed efficace per lo sviluppo tanto di conoscenze culturali e sensibilità interculturale quanto di competenze sociopragmatiche, lessicali e grammaticali. Promotion of the territory and identity aspects in the teaching of Italian as a hereditary language The study investigates Italian Heritage Language (IHL) by focusing on an aspect that has so far been little addressed by the increasing research on the topic: which are the most suitable language teaching strategies for heritage speakers, for which Italian is part of personal and familiar linguistic inheritance and displays a peculiar status with respect to the other languages. The paper points out the edulinguistic potential of commercials promoting the Italian territory in the teaching of ILE, emphasizing how these texts can deeply engage learners who have Italian origins and are linked to specific areas of Italy by family relationships, cultural knowledge, personal experiences, and identity features. In this perspective, the edulinguistic advantages of advertisements are discussed, with specific reference to the touristic, commercial, related to local products, and institutional promotion of the territory. Furthermore, ads of different Italian areas are exemplified as engaging and effective input for the development of cultural knowledge and intercultural sensitivity, as well as sociopragmatic, lexical and grammatical competence.

Abstract This article surveys and analyzes classical performances staged between 1928 and 1938 in the archeological areas of Agrigento and Paestum, and underlines similarities and differences between them to evaluate the impact of Fascist ideology on their organization. Indeed, these performances were much more concerned with staging ancient poetry recitations, pantomimes, choreographies, and parades rather than entire plays, as these were effective conduits for Fascism’s visual aesthetics, which was aimed at enhancing the archeological settings that hosted them. The events organized in Agrigento were meant to extend the presence of classical performances in ancient theaters and monuments other than Syracuse under the supervision of the National Institute of Ancient Drama (INDA) and other national and international artists, while the performances staged in Paestum were intended to promote international tourism in Italy, which included the programmatic restoration and renovation of ancient monuments.

Research in pharmacogenomics and precision medicine has recently introduced the concept of Polygenic Scores (PGSs), namely, indexes that aggregate the effects that many genetic variants are predicted to have on individual disease risk. The popularity of PGSs is increasing rapidly, but surprisingly little attention has been paid to the idealisations they make about phenotypic development. Indeed, PGSs rely on quantitative genetics models and methods, which involve considerable theoretical assumptions that have been questioned on various grounds. This comes with epistemological and ethical concerns about the use of PGSs in clinical decision-making. In this paper, I investigate to what extent idealisations in genetics models can impact the data gathering and clinical interpretation of genomics findings, particularly the calculation and predictive accuracy of PGSs. Although idealisations are considered ineliminable components of scientific models, they may be legitimate or not depending on the epistemic aims of a model. I thus analyse how various idealisations have been introduced in classical models and progressively readapted throughout the history of genetic theorising. Notably, this process involved important changes in the epistemic purpose of such idealisations, which raises the question of whether they are legitimate in the context of contemporary genomics.

Abstract The assessment of indoor thermal comfort is increasingly shifting from statistical to personalized models and therefore there is a growing interest in collecting feedback on occupants’ perceptions and preferences. Occupant Voting Systems (OVS) are emerging as a widely used tool in Post Occupancy Evaluations (POE) but the level of occupants’ interaction with these data collection devices, their scientific accuracy, and the integration of feedback data with building management systems, especially in residential buildings, still need to be further explored. This paper presents a study conducted on five dwellings, located in Italy, where smart home switches were used as feedback buttons to collect the thermal sensation of the occupants. These buttons were integrated into an open-source smart home platform, MOQA. The developed system is described in its technical features, highlighting the amount of information collected, the response rate and its interoperability with smart home systems. The results show that OVSs still have limitations in terms of occupant engagement and it is still rather complicated to correlate ratings with environmental variables. However, an easier integration, here described, with smart home systems would partially overcome these problems, turning the OVS into a useful tool for both users and research purposes.

Riassunto Questo articolo discute l’immagine degli Argivi negli Eraclidi di Euripide, nonché il ruolo del dramma nella costruzione dell’identità della polis ateniese attraverso l’uso delle sue memorie collettive. Euristeo e gli Argivi rappresentano l’‘altro’ nella struttura drammatica, e nello specifico potevano rievocare la memoria dei Persiani di Dario e di Serse. In ultima analisi, in questo modo il dramma contribuisce a costruire una ‘storia intenzionale’ ateniese attraverso diverse dimensioni temporali (il passato del mito, il passato recente della polis, il suo presente e il suo futuro).