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Cet article interroge les conditions de mise en place et surtout les modalités d’appropriation de cette nouvelle instance de représentation fusionnée que constitue le Comité Economique et Social (CSE). Il propose une approche comparée entre deux entreprises de transport urbain de voyageurs, l’une de statut public et l’autre de statut privé, qui ont cependant connu des évolutions comparables sur le plan managérial. Dans les deux cas, les syndicats ont bénéficié par le passé d’une assise forte rendue possible par une présence au quotidien sur le terrain et à une capacité à faire remonter des problèmes liés en particulier aux conditions de travail. Ils s’appuyaient pour cela sur le rôle des délégués du personnel et sur le Comité d’Hygiène, de Sécurité et des Conditions de Travail (CHSCT). La mise en place du CSE, en plus de réduire le nombre de mandats et les heures de délégation, est venue affaiblir ce maillage, créant dans les deux cas, un malaise dans la représentation. L’étude montre que c’est le moins le statut de l’entreprise qui constitue ici une clef de lecture heuristique pour comprendre la situation, bien que les syndicats aient obtenu un accord plus favorable dans la régie publique que dans l’entreprise privée, que les nouvelles conditions et modalités de représentation liée au CSE dans des configurations de travail où la proximité demeure la base même de la représentation. This article examines the conditions for setting up and, above all, the modalities of appropriation of this new merged representation body, the Economic and Social Committee (CSE). It proposes a comparative approach between two urban passenger transport companies, one with public status and the other with private status, which have nevertheless undergone comparable developments in terms of management. In both cases, the trade unions have benefited in the past from a strong base made possible by a daily presence on the ground and an ability to raise problems related in particular to working conditions. To do this, they relied on the role of shop stewards and the Health, Safety and Working Conditions Committee (CHSCT). The introduction of the CSE, in addition to reducing the number of mandates and delegation hours, has weakened this network, creating in both cases a malaise in the representation. The study shows that it is not so much the status of the company that constitutes a heuristic key to understanding the situation, although the trade unions obtained a more favourable agreement in the public sector than in the private company, as the new conditions and modalities of representation linked to the CSE in work configurations where proximity remains the very basis of representation. International audience

Abstract This paper presents a fatigue model designed to provide probabilistic-stress-life (P-S-N) curves at any probability level. Grounded in the Weibull probabilistic model’s framework, the model describes two scenarios: P-Case A, which considers deviations in stress, and P-Case B, centered on deviations in cycles to failure from the median S-N curve. A significant aspect of the proposed model is the incorporation of the Kohout-Věchet function as the representative median S-N curve, allowing for the Kohout-Vechet P-S-N curves across any probability level. To demonstrate the model’s practical relevance, an experimental example focused on specimens made from 42CrMo4+QT steel and subjected to push-pull loading is explored. Not only do the results show the robustness of the model but they also emphasize the role of the characteristic P-S-N curves, especially at lower probability level, in assuring the safety of engineering components.

Jacques Guilhaumou présente un bilan des relations entre histoire et linguistique depuis l’apparition, au cours des années 1970-1980, d’une discipline scientifique nouvelle, l’analyse du discours. Il propose ensuite deux exemples de travaux en histoire du discours situés dans le champ de la parole des « sans ». Il s’agit en premier lieu d’une description discursive sur la base d’un corpus d’entretiens de « dits exclus » et en second lieu d’une analyse performative du corpus « Le Vrai Débat » des Gilets jaunes. International audience

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Abstract The development of innovative solutions for the conservation and the protection of historic aircraft is a recent and important issue raised in the cultural heritage field and represents the goal of the PROCRAFT (Protection and Conservation of Heritage Aircraft) project. Assessing and documenting the constituent materials as well as their degradation state is necessary to determine and understand factors inducing aluminium alloy corrosion, in order to develop tailored conservation treatments and identify effective protective coatings. The first step of the project was the identification of the constituent materials of aircraft wrecks. Al-Cu-Mg alloys—Duralumin and Super Duralumin, with a higher content of Mg—were the most employed alloys for structural and non-structural parts. These materials undergo a wide range of alterations, amongst which pitting, exfoliation and galvanic corrosion. In the present work, results of the characterisation of wrecks from a North American Republic P-47D Thunderbolt, crashed in Italy in 1945, are reported and compared to wrecks from a French Breguet 765 Sahara n°504 64-PH, built in 1958. The constituent alloys resulted to be similar to the modern 2024 and 2017A alloy. In order to assess the representativeness of these modern alloys in simulating the corrosion behaviour of the historic ones, exfoliation susceptibility (ASTM G34) as well as non-destructive and destructive electrochemical tests in 0.1 M NaCl were carried out on both historic and modern alloys. These results contributed to the selection of representative substrates for the development of protective coatings as well as to the expansion of the dataset on composition and microstructure of historic Al alloys for aircraft. International audience

"Local citizens’ perceptions of their own cities are often neglected when assessing cities’ performance. Using the perceived international image and collective pride in Hong Kong as the entry point, this article aims to discover the relationship between citizens’ trust in public authorities and urban technologies. Four angles of investigation are developed: the impact of cities’ promotion of their international image on local pride; the attitudinal and demographic characteristics of proud citizens; the linkage of local pride with public trust, and digital trust. This article uses data from a Hong Kong-based territory-wide survey in 2021 to conduct the analysis. The result suggests that public trust is an elemental factor having a positive relationship with collective pride and digital trust in Hong Kong. This article also identifies the group of citizens with the least pride. Regaining the citizen's trust is the best remedy for facilitating smart city development" International audience

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