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The project takes place in Karakoy neighborhood. The area has been a commerce center for centuries since it is a waterfront neighourhood but has been neglected through the years. The aim is to revitalize the area without damaging the existing culture, texture, and formation. The main function is commerce with workshops where masters can teach students the work that passed through the centuries.the project is a design that brings the traces of the past into the present, presenting the existing formation in a contemporary manner. It incorporates local materials and sustainable construction elements, offering a functional design that aligns with the mentality of a city-within-a-city in terms of functionality. Structurally, it ensures the continuity of the neighborhood, displaying a vision that harmonizes with the region and nature.

The study focuses on the case of the Church Santa Maria de Barberà de la Conca, a three-nave baroque masonry Church, built during 18th century, located in Catalonia. Because of the significant damage that the Church is suffering, and the fact that the ground movement and the opening of cracks are continuing, it is necessary to quickly implement stabilization or strengthening solutions because the Church is threatened with collapse. The severely damaged Rose Chapel was demolished recently, and the Church and its surroundings are closed. The study also describes the current monitoring of progressively growing soil cracks. Existing structure calculation was done based on graphic static analysis, a simple, fast, convenient, and straightforward method to determine the Church's stability in the initial state versus the stability in the currently damaged stage. The second goal of the graphic static analysis was to determine the internal forces and base reactions as input for the strengthening solution calculation. By considering possible alternative solutions for the strengthening of the Church, it was established that it is necessary to strengthen the Church at the foundation level. A chosen solution with sufficient capacity to resist the large tensile forces that the movements of the soil may cause can be provided in the form of a prestressed concrete grillage rigidly connected to the existing masonry walls. The solution is designed as a reversible one, in the way that the transverse prestressing is without grouting. Additionally, the maintenance plan and monitoring of the prestressed structure is foreseen to monitor the level of force achieved with the strengthening solution. Finally, repair and strengthening operations designed for the rest of the structure (walls, pillars, arches, and vaults) are briefly described to stabilize the Church entirely and restore it, enabling its public use again.

In the context of advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP), this study delves into the interpretability domain, aiming to understand the logic behind models' decision making process. It focuses on three NLP tasks - Question Answering (QA), Text Summarization (TS), and Error Detection (ED). BERT and DistilBERT models were fine-tuned to address each task. The research introduces tailor-made datasets, placing special emphasis on the ED task for misspelling to enhance transparency. Additionally, novel faithfulness metrics are introduced to assess interpretability methods. A variety of gradient-based methods and an attention-based method, Aggregation of Layer-wise Token-to-token Interactions (ALTI), were evaluated. ALTI outperformed the gradient-based methods in all tasks albeit its higher computational cost. Integrated Gradients (IG) showed the highest variability, performing well in shorter ED sequences but less so in longer QA and TS sequences. The work stresses the need to broaden the task spectrum in interpretability evaluations and the significance of ensuring the robustness of emerging metrics.

El present treball consisteix en una preparació succinta d'una assignatura optativa, d'un trimestre i mig de durada, destinada a quart de la ESO, i aplicant les modificacions curriculars previstes en la Llei d'Educació de Catalunya. Els continguts estan relacionats amb els currículums tant de Geografia i Història com de Tecnologia i Digitalització, però centrats en determinats invents i avenços de la ciència i la tècnica al llarg de les edats. Es dona una notable importància al treball autònom de l'alumnat i la seva capacitat per buscar informació que li permeti construir de manera sòlida i fonamentada els seus coneixements. Així mateix també són aspectes a remarcar el paper destacat del treball en grup i l'avaluació contínua. Finalment, les activitats han estat pensades per poder ser traslladables o adaptables a centres diversos i que puguin ser complementàries d'altres matèries.

Con el ánimo de hacer estructuras cada vez más seguras, los ingenieros buscamos día a día nuevas técnicas y nuevos métodos que permitan minimizar los riesgos y las probabilidades de fallo de las edificaciones y sus elementos ante eventos naturales. Tal es el caso de las acciones generadas por las fuerzas producto de presiones de viento y sismos, las cuales actúan sobre las fachadas de los edificios que en la gran mayoría de los casos están constituidas por muros en obra de fábrica. En ocasiones se generan daños que llevan al colapso de los elementos no estructurales, debido a la baja o nula ductilidad que presenta un muro de fabrica sin ningún tipo de reforzamiento. Es por ello que este trabajo está enfocado en investigar el comportamiento a flexión fuera del plano de muros de fábrica no armados y muros de fábrica armada, para este caso se ha comparado dos diferentes alternativas de refuerzo de junta horizontal, una la convencional mediante cerchas o escalerillas conformadas por barras de acero, y la otra mediante una técnica específica con una malla compuesta de alambres de acero de alta resistencia entretejidos con fibra de vidrio (Murfor compact, de Bekaert), para ello se ha dividido los 15 muros de fabrica en 5 grupos: 4 fábricas tipo URM (muros de fabrica no armadas), 2 fábricas tipo RM-2M con Murfor® RND/Z-4-080 de 2 armaduras de tendel (separación 0.6 m), 2 fábricas tipo RM-2MC con Murfor® Compact I-80 de 2 armaduras de tendel (separación 0.6 m), 2 fábricas tipo RM-3M con Murfor® RND/Z-4-080 de 3 armaduras de tendel (separación 0.4 m) y 4 fábricas tipo RM-3MC con Murfor® Compact I-80 de 3 armaduras de tendel (separación 0.4 m). With the aim of making structures increasingly safer, engineers seek new techniques and methods every day that allow minimizing the risks and probabilities of failure of buildings and their elements in the face of natural events. This is the case with the actions generated by forces resulting from wind pressures and earthquakes, which act on the facades of buildings that in the majority of cases are made up of masonry walls. On occasions, damages are generated that lead to the collapse of non-structural elements, due to the low or zero ductility presented by an un-reinforced masonry wall. That is why this work is focused on investigating the out-of-plane flexural behavior of unreinforced and reinforced masonry walls. For this case, two different alternatives for horizontal joint reinforcement have been compared: the conventional method using steel bars formed as trusses or ladders, and the other using a specific technique with a composite mesh made up of high-strength steel wires woven with fiberglass (Murfor compact, from Bekaert). For this purpose, the 15 masonry walls have been divided into 5 groups: 4 URM-type masonry walls (unreinforced masonry walls), 2 RM-2M-type masonry walls with Murfor® RND/Z-4-080 reinforcement and 2 tendons (0.6 m spacing), 2 RM-2MC-type masonry walls with Murfor® Compact I-80 reinforcement and 2 tendons (0.6 m spacing), 2 RM-3M-type masonry walls with Murfor® RND/Z-4-080 reinforcement and 3 tendons (0.4 m spacing), and 4 RM-3MC-type masonry walls with Murfor® Compact I-80 reinforcement and 3 tendons (0.4 m spacing). Amb l'ànim de fer estructures cada cop més segures, els enginyers busquem dia a dia noves tècniques i nous mètodes que permetin minimitzar els riscos i les probabilitats de fallada de les edificacions i els seus elements davant d'esdeveniments naturals. Aquest és el cas de les accions generades per les forces producte de pressions de vent i sismes, les quals actuen sobre les façanes dels edificis que en la gran majoria dels casos estan constituïdes per murs a obra de fàbrica. De vegades es generen danys que porten al col·lapse dels elements no estructurals, a causa de la baixa o nul·la ductilitat que presenta un mur de fàbrica sense cap mena de reforçament. És per això que aquest treball està enfocat a investigar el comportament a flexió fora del pla de murs de fàbrica no armats i murs de fàbrica armada. escaletes conformades per barres d'acer, i l'altra mitjançant una tècnica específica amb una malla composta de filferros d'acer d'alta resistència entreteixits amb fibra de vidre (Murfor compact, de Bekaert), per això s'han dividit els 15 murs de fàbrica en 5 grups: 4 fàbriques tipus URM (murs de fàbrica no armades), 2 fàbriques tipus RM-2M amb Murfor® RND/Z-4-080 de 2 armadures de tendel (separació 0.6 m), 2 fàbriques tipus RM-2MC amb Murfor® Compact I-80 de 2 armadures de tendell (separació 0.6 m), 2 fàbriques tipus RM-3M amb Murfor® RND/Z-4-080 de 3 armadures de tendell (separació 0.4 m) i 4 fàbriques tipus RM-3MC amb Murfor ® Compact I-80 de 3 armadures de tendell (separació 0.4 m).

There is no doubt that Transformers have revolutionized the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). In 2017, by replacing convolutions and recurrence with attention mechanisms, they achieved State of the art in a number of NLP tasks. One of these tasks is Natural Language Inference (NLI), which tests whether a hypothesis is true (entailment), false (contradiction), or undetermined (neutral) given a premise. Zero-shot text classification tasks (0shot TC), i.e. classifying text without any single labeled instance, have greatly benefited from the fact that Transformers excel in NLI. A clear example is this master's thesis, which will provide a use case for 0shot TC in a business environment. In particular, this work has been developed while working at Fever as a Data Scientist, and its main objective has been to label Fever's products using 0shot TC. The main contribution of this work is creating a ML model flexible enough to quickly adapt to business needs. In other words, developing a model where labels can be added and removed at ease and it can be extended to other areas (cross domain). Furthermore, Large Language Models will prove that generalization is possible even in a low resource setting. Lastly, it should be noted that this thesis is presented as a self-contained document and it can be understood by a reader with no prior knowledge of Machine Learning and Fever's business. The bulk of the thesis consists of an exhaustive study of the application of 0shot TC in this particular business problem, as well as the posterior optimization of the models used. In addition, semi supervision will be applied to improve performance in an environment without tagged data.

The establishment of the green line in Cyprus, followed by the invasion as well as the installment of Turkish troops on the island, led to the communal separation into two separate zones. By establishing two impenetrable lines along their borders, Architecture materializes the separation of the urban zones and the deactivation of the in-between space. This thesis describes the process of understanding the urban condition through the experimentation of its opposites. Considering dialectic phenomena such as power-obsolescence, open-closed, interior- exterior, public-private, and collective-individual, the threshold becomes the main subject of research. The threshold is found as the space capable enough to link differentiated phenomena and it is applied as a concept from the urban scale to the architectural, to regulate the relationships between different entities. The project aims to investigate the value of the in-between space while displaying an alternative reality of the urban organization based on the particularities of the site. The main subject of study is the relationship between programmatic sequences and it is developed based on the act of delimitation and materialization. The methodology used for the development of the thesis is a continuous alternation between project and research. The latter is supported by case studies.