MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded noncoding RNA strands that are involved in various pathological and physiological processes. Even though they do not code for any gene, they regulate gene expression by posttranscriptional modification through cleavage or translati...

Primary thymic mucinous adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare type of thymic carcinoma that is resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. We present a case of primary thymic mucinous adenocarcinoma with disseminated metastases and rapid progression, after concurrent chemora...

Background: Breast cancer is a collection of molecularly and clinically distinct neoplastic disease. Recent research has shown that the gene expression in breast cancer can be useful when designing an optimal treatment plan and may also provide with prognostic informati...

Objective: To investigate the relationship between sorafenib resistance and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Data Sources: Literature from PubMed (ncbi) database relevant to autophagy and sorafenib resistance in HCC. Study Selection: Studies were selected ba...

Background: Intratumor hypoxia, the main factor responsible for the angiogenic switch, represents one of the major events leading to tumor progression. Tumor hypoxia leads to the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) which influences tumor angiogenesis. ...

Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are identified as more accurate and representative models of human cancers than conventional two-dimensional monolayer cell cultures. However, currently established 3D culturing techniques are technically challenging, t...

Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine small-cell carcinoma is a rare tumor accounting for only 2.5%–4% of all small-cell carcinomas, and during the past 30 years, only 160 cases of primary small-cell carcinoma of the larynx have been reported worldwide. Most previously reported...

Background: Recent studies have revealed that tellurium (Te) compounds have pharmacological and/or antioxidant properties against tumors as they have antitumor and chemoprotective properties. The toxic nature of tellurium compounds and their beneficial effects as antitu...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Recent genome-scale molecular analyses have uncovered several potential therapeutic targets for this disease, including BRAF mutation, ERBB2 amplification, and neurotropic tropomy...