Abstract Automatic question generation is one of the most challenging tasks of Natural Language Processing. It requires “bidirectional” language processing: first, the system has to understand the input text (Natural Language Understanding), and it then has to generate ...

In this article, we introduce a unique data set containing all written communication published by the German Bundestag between 1949 and 2017. Increasing numbers of scholars make use of protocols of parliamentary speeches, parliamentary questions or the texts of legislat...

Abstract The fact about the way God has described himself or how Muslims regard God’s traits is a significant point because that is the path to know the truth about God in his own words, and the verification of Muslims understanding of God through their thoughts and beh...

With the plain text descriptions of design patterns, developers could better learn and understand the definitions and usage scenarios of design patterns. To facilitate the automatic usage of these descriptions, e.g., recommending design patterns by free-text queries, de...

Text simplification (TS) reduces the complexity of the text to improve its readability and understandability, while possibly retaining its original information content. Over time, TS has become an essential tool in helping those with low literacy levels, non-native lear...

Gesture typing is a method of typing words on a touch-based keyboard by creating a continuous trace passing through the relevant keys. This work is aimed at developing a keyboard that supports gesture typing in Indic languages. We begin by noting that when dealing with ...

Computer-aided translation tools based on translation memories are widely used to assist professional translators. A translation memory (TM) consists of a set of translation units (TU) made up of source- and target-language segment pairs. For the translation of a new so...

In the geomatics field, modelling and georeferencing complex speleological structures are some of the most challenging issues. The use of conventional survey methods (for example, those employing total stations or terrestrial laser scanner) becomes more difficult, espec...

As a structured representation of the image content, the visual scene graph (visual relationship) acts as a bridge between computer vision and natural language processing. Existing models on the scene graph generation task notoriously require tens or hundreds of labeled...

Text segmentation is a fundamental task in natural language processing. Depending on the levels of granularity, the task can be defined as segmenting a document into topical segments, or segmenting a sentence into elementary discourse units (EDUs). Traditional solutions...