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Abstract In comparison with other regional host countries Lebanon's response to the Syrian refugee crisis is characterized by a remarkable degree of institutional ambiguity. Government policy has centered on the prohibition of formal refugee camps and adopted regulations with regard to registration, residence, and work which drive refugees into illegality. This is partly the result of the chaotic and overwhelming nature of any refugee crisis, which is only reinforced by the Lebanese government's limited resources and capacities and the country's dysfunctional political system. However, institutional ambiguity in the context of the Lebanese response to the Syrian refugee crisis is not merely contingent. Departing from agnotology theory, this article demonstrates that there is also a strategic component to the institutional ambiguity that now determines the life of Syrian refugees in Lebanon. On the basis of fieldwork among Syrian refugee communities, elaborate policy analysis, and an extensive literature review the article reveals the political utility of maintaining uncertainty and precariousness. These insights have profound implications for the analysis of refugee politics and the formulation of policy recommendations.

Abstract This intervention seeks to challenge the notion that ungovernable people and places are aberrations to theorizations of governance. By spatializing and grounding theory through ethnographic, multi-sited and actor-focused inquiry, we investigate the techniques and practices of governing territories and people that are deployed in four sites in the Middle East and North Africa. We highlight the impact of colonial and imperial interventions on regimes of governance and rule and posit that the designation of “ungovernable” is itself an instrument of rule and that the designation enables the exercise of exceptional power. Through the context of terror, urbanity, poverty and war, we analyze the toolkit of innovations and interventions deployed to govern the “ungovernable”. We posit that ungovernability is an integral constitutive element of regimes of governing.