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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Đorđević, Marija;

    Zvanično predstavljanje prošlosti u Jugoslaviji, koje se ogleda i u zvaničnim komemorativnim performansima, kontinuirano se menjalo. Njihovi tvorci bili su svesni neophodnosti adaptiranja ustanovljenog osnovnog formata komemoracije, sa ciljem integrisanja savremenog trenutka, kako u okvir događaja koji se obeležava, tako i u samu ideju društvene revolucije. Popularna kultura (prevashodno „zapadnog” sveta) od pojave masovnih medija postaje sastavni deo višednevnih komemorativnih performansa. Ovaj rad analizira sadržaje popularne kulture namenjene u prvom redu omladini, u komemoracijama važnih događaja iz NOB-a, poput bitke na Sutjesci i Kozari, fokusirajući se na filmsku produkciju, muzička izvođenja, sve do mode i časopisa. Official representations of the past in Yugoslavia, including commemorative performances, among other forms of expression, continuously changed over time. From the beginning, their creators were aware of the necessity of adapting the core performance format, the need to integrate the present in acts of remembering important historical events and finding its position in the continuity of the social revolution brought by them. Ever since the mass media made their debut in Yugoslavia, forms of popular culture (mainly belonging to the “West”) became a mandatory element of those several-days-long commemorative performances. Thus, this paper analyses popular culture forms (intended primarily for the youth participants of these events) implemented in major commemorations of NOB, such as the performances at Sutjeska and Kozara, focusing on cinematic production, music performances, fashion, and magazines.

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    Contemporary humanities and social sciences are greatly characterized by fragmented views about cultural reality. In this text we have pointed out importance of ethnography and the need for creating disciplinary strategy by which this situation would be exceeded. We also gave preliminary review of newer ethnological and anthropological researches of Prijepolje and its surrounding. Results of these investigations suggest speeding of transformation of traditional cultural heritage concerning social institutions, norms and customs, as well as partial weakening of ethno confessional dimension of religion and religiosity. Besides, we notices higher degree of conservatism inside some religious concepts (particularly Islam) and longer preservations of traditional cultural patterns among Muslims. On the other side, higher degree of secularization of cultural patterns that are related to Orthodox Christianity, already observed from the side of eminent sociologists of religion, was confirmed during these investigations У тексту је указано на значај етнографских истраживања, те на потребу за дисциплинарном стратегијом којом би били превазиђени фрагментисани увиди у културну стварност, који карактеришу савремене хуманистичке и друштвене науке. Такође, дат је прелиминарни преглед новијих етнолошко-антрополошких истраживања Пријепоља и његове околине која се налсањају на претходне пројекте спроведене у овој, као и у широј области Полимља. Резултати последњих истраживања сугеришу убрзавање процеса трансформације традиционланог културног наслеђа по питању друштвених институција, норми и обичаја, као и делимично слабљење етноконфесионалне димензије религије и религиозности. Осим тога, примећена је већа конзервативност одређених религијских концепата (посебно ислама), те дуготрајније очување традиционалних културних образаца код муслиманског становништва. С друге стране, већа секуларизованост православних културних матрица, забележена од стране социолога религије, потврђена је и током ових теренских истраживања. Едиција Јухорски запис

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    DAIS - Digitalni arhiv izdanja SANU
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    У оквир сликаних тема цркве Светог Спаса у Штипу (сл. 1) улази фреска Свете Тројице чија је иконографија необична и, узимајући у обзир период у којем је настала, готово изузетна (сл. 3). Иако је ова фреска у литератури већ одавно поменута и анализирана, што важи и за сликарство цркве у целини, њена специфична појава у сликаном програму цркве омогућава детаљнију анализу значења сликаног програма свода. У раду је реч о симболици фресака у своду храма односно о идејној повезаности представе Свете Тројице и суседних сликаних тема у своду (сл.1а–6). Она се доводи у симболичну везу са представама Христових различитих видова и са мотивом Хетимасије поред које је приказана (сл. 1а–6), а појава Свете Тројице у форми необичног троглавог анђела се у раду оправдава и текстом службе празника Вазнесења којем је црква и посвећена. Despite its small dimensions, the church of Holy Ascension of Christ at Štip, built on the slope of the Kumlak hill above the Bregalnica tributary Otinja, better known as the Church of the Holy Savior, represents an important monument of Serbian medieval art of the last quarter of the 14th century (prior to 1388; fig. 1–6). Holy Savoior’s church is a very carefully built single-naved building covered by a barrel vault (fig. 1). It has been painted on two occasions (in the second half of the 14th century and repainted in 1601). The subject of this paper is the interpretation of the painted decoration in the vault of the church, belonging to the first fresco layer, and especially the symbolic connection existing between the unusual and rare representation of the Winged Holy Trinity in the form of an angel with three faces (fig.3), the Ascension (fig. 2), the Hetoimasia (fig. 4) and different types of Christ figured in the vault (fig. 1a, 2, 5). The barrel vault of the church contains five medallions rendering: Christ in mandorla carried by angels (the upper part of the Ascension; fig. 2), the Holy Trinity (fig.3), The Hetimasia (fig. 4), Christ Emanuel with wings (fig. 5), and the Mother of God Orans (fig. 6). Being marked by an inscription as Jesus Christ, the specific image of the three-faced Holy Trinity emphasizes the second person of the Holy Trinity, whose Incarnation and Ascension in flesh stressed in the service of the Ascension feast. In line with these observations, the representation of the Hetoimasia is interpreted as the image of the Holy Trinity, and it is concluded that different types of Christ allude to consubstantality the persons of the Holy Trinity.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    У периоду између 1920. и 1930. године, Сава Шумановић борави у више наврата у Паризу, којом приликом настаје стилски и жанровски разнородан опус. Током ових боравака Шумановић ствара пејзаже који за мотив имају Париз и његово предграђе, као и нека од мањих места која се налазе недалеко од француске престонице. Иако су стилски различита, ова дела повезује тема градских, руралних или индустријских пејзажа који се идентификују путем препознатљивих локација и симбола и/или назива који у себи садрже топоним. Рад је посвећен анализи oвих дела као засебне целине унутар опуса Саве Шумановића, са фокусом на слику Париза и његове околине која се у њима конституише, као и на контекст њиховог настанка, односно, околности у којима су се одвијали Шумановићеви боравци у Француској. During the 1920s, Sava Šumanović sojourned in Paris three times, creating diverse bodies of work in terms of style and genre. Some of their constants are the landscapes that have Paris and its suburbs as their motif, as well as some of the smaller places located near the French capital. Although they are stylistically different and were created during chronologically discontinuous periods, what they have in common is the theme of urban, rural and industrial landscapes identified through recognizable locations and symbols and/or names that contain a toponym. Additionally, they also share the persistence of a specific choice of motifs and formal strategies through which they are conveyed, making them a coherent whole. The very range of locations represented in these works reflects the urban whole of Paris and its environs, while certain documentary details are depicted with precision. However, the choice of motifs and their viewpoints, as well as conceptual decisions, such as the absence of human figures or the existence of certain physical or visual barrier towards the focus of the scene, indicate Šumanović’s departure from the recognizable and conventional vision of the French capital and its environs, giving advantage to what is aside, secondary, anonymous and out of the mainstream. Moreover, these elements suggest the subjective point of view, highlighting the position of the observers, as well as their relationship with the immediate environment. While it can be concluded that the observer’s perspective contains both insider and outsider components, the circumstances that surround the artist’s sojourns in Paris lend an added dimension. Thus the image of Paris and the surroundings, articulated in Šumanović’s French landscapes, can be understood as being perceived from the angle of a stranger.

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    Authors: Miladinović, Jegor; Latković, Dragana; Mirosavljević, Milan;

    Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad, Institut od nacionalnog značaja za Republiku Srbiju, ima tradiciju dugu 85 godina u prenošenju znanja i rezultata istraživanja u polјoprivrednu praksu, kako u zemlјi tako i u međunarodnim okvirima. Glavna aktivnost Instituta fokusirana je na oplemenjivanje različitih bilјnih vrsta ratarskih i povrtarskih kultura. Institutska istraživanja, sprovedena u okviru različitih odelјenja i laboratorija, poštuju propise Zakona o nauci i istraživanjima Republike Srbije, kao i strategije poput Strategija naučnog i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije "Moć znanja" i Strategija prioritetnih oblasti pametne specijalizacije, kao i druge nacionalne, regionalne i evropske strategije. Obilјe sorti ratarskih i povrtarskih kultura, registrovanih i u Srbiji i u inostranstvu, koje je Institut razvio, svedoče o uspehu oplemenjivačkog rada, potvrđujući lidersku ulogu u zemlјi i regionu.

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    Authors: Ivanović, Jovan;

    The dissolution of Yugoslavia is an example of how radical transformation of the past could be intertwined with violent conflict, which led to mass destruction and atrocities in the Western Balkan region, leaving consequences even today. Scholars, especially the ones who are members of prestigious national academies, should enlighten the political abuse of history as it contrasts scientific rigour. However, circumstances of war and rising tensions influence every member of society, including social scientists. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the implications for intergroup relations of “new” ethnonational narratives in the scientific works of Serbian, Croatian and Bosniak members of national academies. In this case study, we used qualitative content analysis of three books (one for each ethnic group), which were selected due to their relevance for the history of relations between three ethnic groups and representativity for ethnonational narratives. The analytical framework was based on Bar-Tal’s (2007) theory about sociopsychological foundations of conflict which assumes a specific organization of collective memory developed during the war that poses an obstacle to reconciliation after an official peace agreement. Thus, the codes used were: 1) justness of in-group goals (in-group goals and ways of attaining them in the past are justified and claimed existential, while out-group goals are rejected and criticized); 2) delegitimization of out-group (emphasis is placed on historical representations which depict outgroups as negative and inhuman, including their traits, intentions and deeds); 3) victimization of in-group (ingroup is depicted as a historical victim of rival out-groups with emphasis on strong and exaggerated depictions of killings, oppression, destruction); 4) positive ingroup image (the exclusive emphasis is on the historical representations of exaggerated in-group positive traits, intentions and deeds). Results showed that four themes of socio-psychological ‘infrastructure’ of conflict are present in the selected academic works. Among all authors, the justness of in-group goals and delegitimization of the out-group dominate the text. On the other hand, examples of critical analysis of the in-group and its goals, as well as examples of the positive image of the ethnic out-groups and acknowledging their victims are almost absent. In rare cases when such themes are mentioned, it is with a function to discredit and relativize them. Hence, the case study shows how ethnonational narratives, even in works of academics from different ethnic groups, could contribute to creating and maintaining the sociopsychological infrastructure of conflict. We discuss the responsibility of social scientists, national scientific institutions and guidelines for liberating historical science from political manipulation. Распад Југославије је пример како радикална трансформација прошлости може бити уско увезана са насилним конфликтом, који је причинио огромну штету народима ових простора и чије се последице осећају и данас. Од друштвених научника, а посебно чланова престижних националних академија, очекује се да расветле покушаје политичке злоупотребе историје, али клима рата некада може да утиче да друштвена интелигенција управо допринесе (зло)употреби исте. Последично, циљ истраживања био је да испитамо какве импликације по међугрупне односе имају „нови“ етнонационалистички наративи у историјским делима српских, хрватских и бошњачких чланова националних академија. У овој студији случаја, као аналитички оквир кориситили смо Бар-Талову (Bar-Tal, 2007) теорију о социо-психолошким основама конфликта, која претпоставља специфичну организацију колективног сећања развијену током рата, а која потом омета процес помирења. Користили смо квалитативну анализу садржаја три дела која смо одабрали као репрезентативне примере за етнонационалистички наратив сваке од етничких група. Резултати показују да су теме социо-психолошке „инфраструктуре“ конфликта - оправданост циљева сопствене групе, позитивна слика сопствене групе, делегитимизација друге групе, виктимизација сопствене групе – присутне у анализираним академским делима. Код свих аутора посебно доминирају теме у вези са делегитимизацијом друге етничке групе и њених циљева/деловања. Са друге стране, примери критичког сагледавање сопствене групе и њених циљева, односно позитивне слике других етничких група и помињање њихових жртава скоро потпуно су одсутни. Дакле, студија случаја приказује на који начин етнонационалистички наративи у делима академика различитих етничких заједница могу допринети градњи и одржавању социо-психолошке инфраструктуре конфликта. На крају, дискутујемо о одговорности научника, националних научних институција и смерницама за ослобађање историјске науке од политичко-идентитетске манипулације.

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    Dialects, namely vernacular speeches as a segment of intangible cultural assets represent a significant part of the identity of a group or individual, who recognize them as the very essence of their identity and as an indispensable part of its cultural heritage. Due to all kinds of lifestyle changes, especially in rural areas, dialects are in danger of a accelerated transformation and devastation, where they are still preserved, and therefore should be placed high on the list of priorities in the implementation of protection measures elements of intangible national cultural heritage (speech recording and adequate storage first, and then research of the collected material and its presentation). The dialect lexicon is an extremely important representative of the traditional material, spiritual and social culture of the Serbian people. It is important to point out the validity of ethnographic data that can be indirectly read from linguistic lexical maps. Dialect lexicon is the fundus of Serbian vernacular speeches and because of that, its notation and research should be included in the UNESCO concept of preservation, protection and sustainability of intangible cultural heritage. У тексту се најпре предочава да је дијалекатска лексика изузетно значајан репрезент традиционалне материјалне, духовне и социјалне културе српског народа, а будући да она чини значајан сегмент фундуса српских народних говора, подразумева се да њено бележење и истраживање мора бити укључено у Унесков концепт очувања, заштите и одрживости нематеријалног културног наслеђа. Затим се кроз три кључне целине покушава притврдити значај српских народних говора као својеврсних докумената о традицији нашег народног живота и као неизоставног дела српског културног наслеђа. Први сегмент чини сведени избор теренских записа, у другом сегменту представља се неколико одабраних интердисциплинарних пројеката и публикација, а на трећем месту указује се на валидност етнографских података који се посредно ишчитавају из лингвистичких лексичких карата.

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    The paper presents the preliminary results of the research, which should point out the connections of memory, heritage and identity, which are constructed and/or transmitted within families, on the example of the Arоmаnian community in Serbia. The material was collected through interviews based on a questionnaire and divided thematically into smaller sub-chapters (eg migration routes of Aromanian families, integration of immigrants in Serbian society, language, construction of family identity, etc.). The material presented from 14 interviews, which were chosen according to their representativeness, indicates that further work on this topic can be developed in three directions that are intertwined with each other: 1. research into the way family history and family identity are constructed through narratives, as well as micro and macro history relationships; 2. research into how certain elements of cultural heritage, including family stories and histories themselves, are passed down from generation to generation; 3. research on how family memory influences the formation of personal and collective identities of the interlocutors. The results of the research should contribute to a better knowledge of the cultural identity and heritage of Aromanians in Serbia. У раду се износе прелиминарни резултати истраживања, које треба да укаже на везе сећања, памћења, наслеђа и идентитета, који се конструишу и /или преносе у оквиру породица, на примеру арманске/цинцарске заједнице у Србији. Грађа је сакупљана путем интервјуа на основу оквирног упитника и подељена тематски у мања подпоглавља (нпр. путеви миграција, интеграција досељеника, језик, конструсање породичног идентитета, итд). Презентирана грађа из четрнаест интервјуа, који су изабрани према репрезентативности, указује да се даљи рад на овој теми може развијати у три правца који су међусобно испреплетени: 1. истраживање начина на који се кроз наративе конструишу породична историја и породични идентитет, као и односи микро и макро историје; 2. истраживање начина на који се поједини елементи културног наслеђа, укључујући и саме породичне приче и историје, преносе с генерације на генерацију; 3. истраживање начина на који породично памћење утиче на формирање личног и колективних идентитета саговорника. Резултати истраживања требало би да допринесу бољем познавању културног идентитета и наслеђа Армана/ Цинцара у Србији. Посебна издања / Српска академија наука и уметности ; књ. 708. Одељење друштвених наука ; књ. 112 - Одбор за проучавање националних мањина и људских права (уредници Тибир Варади и Младена Прелић) / Special editions / Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts ; book 708. Deparтment of Social Sciences ; book 112 - Committee for National Мinorities and Human Rights Studies (editors Tibor Varadi and Mladena Prelić).

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    Authors: Šestić, Marina; Šešum, Mia;

    Uvod: Poezija je oduvek percipirana kao umetnost koja se stvara u pisanoj, a izražava u vokalnoj formi putem recitovanja. Za mnoge kritičare i ljubitelje poezije 19. veka ona predstavlja ritmičku i vibrantnu sintezu koja se ogleda u izražajnom glasanju koje je oplemenjeno pokretima i facijalnom ekspresijom, sadrži muzičke elemente u vidu različitih modusa metra, ritma i rime koji je oplemenjuju, čine multidimenzionalnom, ekspresivnom i prefinjenom. Generacije stručnjaka su smatrale da je stvaranje poezije dar ili talenat koji nije dostupan gluvim i nagluvim osobama. Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na istorijske i sociokulturne okvire, specifičnosti, poteškoće i doprinos savremene tehnologije u izražavanju znakovne poezije gluvih osoba. Metode: Primenjene metode su uporedna analiza, evaluacija i sistem dedukcije i indukcije u razmatranju dostupne literature. Rezultati: Znakovna poezija je veoma dugo imala neformalni karakter i izvodila se u zajednici gluvih na zabavama, skupovima i druženjima. Mnogi naučnici, kritičari, nisu ni pomišljali da gluve osobe mogu stvarati poeziju, biti pesnici. Međutim, Džon Karlin (John Carlin, 1813‒1891), iako kongenitalno gluva osoba, bio je veoma talentovan pesnik, pisac i slikar. Njegovim savremenicima je ta činjenica bila iznenađenje i izazivala je nevericu. Zahvaljujući njegovom primeru, i oni i njihovi naslednici shvatili su da gluvoća ne ograničava mogućnosti za bavljenje ovim vidom umetnosti. Znakovna poezija je vizuelna umetnička forma koja postaje sve aktuelnija u zajednici gluvih i čujućih osoba. Iako nije imala istu istoriju i institucionalnu podršku u različitim državama sveta, znakovna poezija izaziva sve veće interesovanje, finansijsku podršku i priznanje, pre svega zahvaljujući razvoju tehnologije. Zaključak: Savremeni svet predstavlja idealan okvir za razvoj i afirmaciju znakovne poezije. Danas gluvi pesnici snimaju svoju znakovnu poeziju ili prevode poeziju drugih autora na znakovni jezik, tako da su video snimci dostupni i prilagođeni široj javnosti. Introduction: Poetry has always been perceived as an art that is created in writing and expressed in vocal form through recitation. For many critics and lovers of 19th-century poetry, it represents a rhythmic and vibrant synthesis that is reflected in the expressive voice followed by movements and facial expression, contains musical elements in the form of different modes of meter, rhythm, and rhyme that refine it and make it multidimensional, expressive, and refined. Generations of experts have considered the creation of poetry to be a gift or talent unavailable to the deaf and hard of hearing. Aim: The aim of this paper is to point out the historical and sociocultural frameworks, specificities, difficulties, and the contribution of modern technology in the expression of signed poetry of deaf people. Methods: The applied methods are comparative analysis, evaluation, and the system of deduction and induction in considering the available literature. Results: Signed poetry has had an informal character for a very long time and was performed in the deaf community at parties, gatherings, and get- togethers. Many scientists and critics did not even think that deaf people could create poetry or be poets. However, John Carlin (1813-1891), although a congenitally deaf person, was a very talented poet, writer, and painter. To his contemporaries, this fact was a surprise and caused disbelief. Thanks to his example, both they and their successors realized that deafness does not limit the possibilities for practicing this form of art. Signed poetry is a visual art form that is becoming more and more relevant in the deaf and hearing community. Although it did not have the same history and institutional support in different countries of the world, signed poetry is attracting increasing interest, financial support, and recognition, primarily thanks to the development of technology. Conclusion: The modern world represents an ideal framework for the development and affirmation of signed poetry. Today, deaf poets record their own signed poetry or translate the poetry of other authors into sign language, so that the videos are available and adapted to the general public.

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    Authors: Milinković, Milena;

    Bearing in mind that timely access to relevant information, as well as defining and developing adequate terminology, is a prerequisite for new research and further development in any scientific field, this dissertation presents the possibilities with regard to retrieving information and extracting terms for the sample corpus of spatial planning using a number of modern technologies. The study points out many benefits, but also certain limitations faced when searching for information using Library Information Systems, Geographic Information Systems and the RAUmPLAN repository. The content, preparation process and confirmed representativeness of the sample corpus formed for spatial planning are described below. Processing the text, which includes tokenization, lemmatization, highlighting types of words, and extracting terms was carried out using the Unitex tool. The corpus was then placed on the NoSketch platform, where, on the basis of set queries, the importance of the previous processing of the text was confirmed, making it possible to search with a significantly higher indicator of response and accuracy. By separating the texts of spatial plans from the sample corpus, the PPTXM sub-corpus was formed, on which the remaining research was conducted. Using advanced methods and technologies, the SrpNER tool highlighted and extracted various groups of named entities. The significant contribution of this dissertation is seen in the way it connects named entities in the INCEpTION environment with items from the Wikidata knowledge base. This knowledge base enabled the grouping of items by creating SPARQL queries, according to the given criteria. The output sets were visualized in the form of maps, graphs, tables and photo frames. Hierarchical analysis in the TXM environment indicated the structural features of the corpus: the number of texts, paragraphs, sentences and corpus words. Using morphological labels, the frequency of occurrence of different types of words and punctuation marks in the entire corpus was determined within the TXM system. Since the TXM system allows the display of specific linguistic phenomena, it was also possible to monitor the progression, i.e., the cumulative frequency of different types of words, both throughout the whole corpus and through its constituent parts. Имајући у виду да правовремени приступ релевантним информацијама, као и дефинисање и развој адекватне терминологије представља предуслов за нова истраживања и даљи развој сваке научне области, у дисертацији су приказане могућности проналажења информација и екстраховања термина, на узорном корпусу просторног планирања коришћењем низа савремених технологија. У раду је указано на многобројне погодности али и извесна ограничења приликом претраживања информација коришћењем Библиотечких информационих система, Географских информационих система и репозиторијума РАУмПЛАН. У наставку је описан садржај, поступак израде и потврђена репрезентативност формираног узорног корпуса просторног планирања. Обрада текста, која подразумева токенизацију, лематизацију, обележавање врсте речи, као и екстракцију термина извршена је алатом Unitex. Корпус је потом постављен на пратформу NoSketch где је, на основу постављених упита, потврђен значај претходне обраде текстова која омогућава претраживање са знатно већим индикатором одзива и прецизности. Издвајањем текстова просторних планова из узорног корпуса, формиран је поткорпус PPTXM, на ком су вршена преостала истраживања. Коришћењем напредних метода и технологија, алатом SrpNER извршено је обележавање и екстраховање различитих група именованих ентитета. Значајан допринос ове дисертације огледа се и у повезивању именованих ентитета у INCEpTION окружењу са ставкама из базе знања Википодаци. Поменута база знања омогућила је груписање ставки, креирањем SPARQL упита, према задатим критеријумима. Визуелизација излазних скупова представљена је у виду мапа, графова, табела и оквира са фотографијама. У TXM окружењу хијерахијском анализом је указано на структуралне особине корпуса: број текстова, пасуса, реченица и корпусних речи. Коришћењем морфолошких етикета, у оквиру TXM система утврђена је фреквентност појављивања различитих врста речи и знакова интерпункције у читавом корпусу. Будући да систем TXM дозвољава и приказивање специфичних језичких појава, омогућено је и праћење прогресијe, односно кумулативнe фреквенцијe различитих врста речи, како кроз цео корпус, тако и кроз његове саставне делове.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Đorđević, Marija;

    Zvanično predstavljanje prošlosti u Jugoslaviji, koje se ogleda i u zvaničnim komemorativnim performansima, kontinuirano se menjalo. Njihovi tvorci bili su svesni neophodnosti adaptiranja ustanovljenog osnovnog formata komemoracije, sa ciljem integrisanja savremenog trenutka, kako u okvir događaja koji se obeležava, tako i u samu ideju društvene revolucije. Popularna kultura (prevashodno „zapadnog” sveta) od pojave masovnih medija postaje sastavni deo višednevnih komemorativnih performansa. Ovaj rad analizira sadržaje popularne kulture namenjene u prvom redu omladini, u komemoracijama važnih događaja iz NOB-a, poput bitke na Sutjesci i Kozari, fokusirajući se na filmsku produkciju, muzička izvođenja, sve do mode i časopisa. Official representations of the past in Yugoslavia, including commemorative performances, among other forms of expression, continuously changed over time. From the beginning, their creators were aware of the necessity of adapting the core performance format, the need to integrate the present in acts of remembering important historical events and finding its position in the continuity of the social revolution brought by them. Ever since the mass media made their debut in Yugoslavia, forms of popular culture (mainly belonging to the “West”) became a mandatory element of those several-days-long commemorative performances. Thus, this paper analyses popular culture forms (intended primarily for the youth participants of these events) implemented in major commemorations of NOB, such as the performances at Sutjeska and Kozara, focusing on cinematic production, music performances, fashion, and magazines.

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    Contemporary humanities and social sciences are greatly characterized by fragmented views about cultural reality. In this text we have pointed out importance of ethnography and the need for creating disciplinary strategy by which this situation would be exceeded. We also gave preliminary review of newer ethnological and anthropological researches of Prijepolje and its surrounding. Results of these investigations suggest speeding of transformation of traditional cultural heritage concerning social institutions, norms and customs, as well as partial weakening of ethno confessional dimension of religion and religiosity. Besides, we notices higher degree of conservatism inside some religious concepts (particularly Islam) and longer preservations of traditional cultural patterns among Muslims. On the other side, higher degree of secularization of cultural patterns that are related to Orthodox Christianity, already observed from the side of eminent sociologists of religion, was confirmed during these investigations У тексту је указано на значај етнографских истраживања, те на потребу за дисциплинарном стратегијом којом би били превазиђени фрагментисани увиди у културну стварност, који карактеришу савремене хуманистичке и друштвене науке. Такође, дат је прелиминарни преглед новијих етнолошко-антрополошких истраживања Пријепоља и његове околине која се налсањају на претходне пројекте спроведене у овој, као и у широј области Полимља. Резултати последњих истраживања сугеришу убрзавање процеса трансформације традиционланог културног наслеђа по питању друштвених институција, норми и обичаја, као и делимично слабљење етноконфесионалне димензије религије и религиозности. Осим тога, примећена је већа конзервативност одређених религијских концепата (посебно ислама), те дуготрајније очување традиционалних културних образаца код муслиманског становништва. С друге стране, већа секуларизованост православних културних матрица, забележена од стране социолога религије, потврђена је и током ових теренских истраживања. Едиција Јухорски запис

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    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023
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    У оквир сликаних тема цркве Светог Спаса у Штипу (сл. 1) улази фреска Свете Тројице чија је иконографија необична и, узимајући у обзир период у којем је настала, готово изузетна (сл. 3). Иако је ова фреска у литератури већ одавно поменута и анализирана, што важи и за сликарство цркве у целини, њена специфична појава у сликаном програму цркве омогућава детаљнију анализу значења сликаног програма свода. У раду је реч о симболици фресака у своду храма односно о идејној повезаности представе Свете Тројице и суседних сликаних тема у своду (сл.1а–6). Она се доводи у симболичну везу са представама Христових различитих видова и са мотивом Хетимасије поред које је приказана (сл. 1а–6), а појава Свете Тројице у форми необичног троглавог анђела се у раду оправдава и текстом службе празника Вазнесења којем је црква и посвећена. Despite its small dimensions, the church of Holy Ascension of Christ at Štip, built on the slope of the Kumlak hill above the Bregalnica tributary Otinja, better known as the Church of the Holy Savior, represents an important monument of Serbian medieval art of the last quarter of the 14th century (prior to 1388; fig. 1–6). Holy Savoior’s church is a very carefully built single-naved building covered by a barrel vault (fig. 1). It has been painted on two occasions (in the second half of the 14th century and repainted in 1601). The subject of this paper is the interpretation of the painted decoration in the vault of the church, belonging to the first fresco layer, and especially the symbolic connection existing between the unusual and rare representation of the Winged Holy Trinity in the form of an angel with three faces (fig.3), the Ascension (fig. 2), the Hetoimasia (fig. 4) and different types of Christ figured in the vault (fig. 1a, 2, 5). The barrel vault of the church contains five medallions rendering: Christ in mandorla carried by angels (the upper part of the Ascension; fig. 2), the Holy Trinity (fig.3), The Hetimasia (fig. 4), Christ Emanuel with wings (fig. 5), and the Mother of God Orans (fig. 6). Being marked by an inscription as Jesus Christ, the specific image of the three-faced Holy Trinity emphasizes the second person of the Holy Trinity, whose Incarnation and Ascension in flesh stressed in the service of the Ascension feast. In line with these observations, the representation of the Hetoimasia is interpreted as the image of the Holy Trinity, and it is concluded that different types of Christ allude to consubstantality the persons of the Holy Trinity.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/

    У периоду између 1920. и 1930. године, Сава Шумановић борави у више наврата у Паризу, којом приликом настаје стилски и жанровски разнородан опус. Током ових боравака Шумановић ствара пејзаже који за мотив имају Париз и његово предграђе, као и нека од мањих места која се налазе недалеко од француске престонице. Иако су стилски различита, ова дела повезује тема градских, руралних или индустријских пејзажа који се идентификују путем препознатљивих локација и симбола и/или назива који у себи садрже топоним. Рад је посвећен анализи oвих дела као засебне целине унутар опуса Саве Шумановића, са фокусом на слику Париза и његове околине која се у њима конституише, као и на контекст њиховог настанка, односно, околности у којима су се одвијали Шумановићеви боравци у Француској. During the 1920s, Sava Šumanović sojourned in Paris three times, creating diverse bodies of work in terms of style and genre. Some of their constants are the landscapes that have Paris and its suburbs as their motif, as well as some of the smaller places located near the French capital. Although they are stylistically different and were created during chronologically discontinuous periods, what they have in common is the theme of urban, rural and industrial landscapes identified through recognizable locations and symbols and/or names that contain a toponym. Additionally, they also share the persistence of a specific choice of motifs and formal strategies through which they are conveyed, making them a coherent whole. The very range of locations represented in these works reflects the urban whole of Paris and its environs, while certain documentary details are depicted with precision. However, the choice of motifs and their viewpoints, as well as conceptual decisions, such as the absence of human figures or the existence of certain physical or visual barrier towards the focus of the scene, indicate Šumanović’s departure from the recognizable and conventional vision of the French capital and its environs, giving advantage to what is aside, secondary, anonymous and out of the mainstream. Moreover, these elements suggest the subjective point of view, highlighting the position of the observers, as well as their relationship with the immediate environment. While it can be concluded that the observer’s perspective contains both insider and outsider components, the circumstances that surround the artist’s sojourns in Paris lend an added dimension. Thus the image of Paris and the surroundings, articulated in Šumanović’s French landscapes, can be understood as being perceived from the angle of a stranger.

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    Authors: Miladinović, Jegor; Latković, Dragana; Mirosavljević, Milan;

    Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo Novi Sad, Institut od nacionalnog značaja za Republiku Srbiju, ima tradiciju dugu 85 godina u prenošenju znanja i rezultata istraživanja u polјoprivrednu praksu, kako u zemlјi tako i u međunarodnim okvirima. Glavna aktivnost Instituta fokusirana je na oplemenjivanje različitih bilјnih vrsta ratarskih i povrtarskih kultura. Institutska istraživanja, sprovedena u okviru različitih odelјenja i laboratorija, poštuju propise Zakona o nauci i istraživanjima Republike Srbije, kao i strategije poput Strategija naučnog i tehnološkog razvoja Republike Srbije "Moć znanja" i Strategija prioritetnih oblasti pametne specijalizacije, kao i druge nacionalne, regionalne i evropske strategije. Obilјe sorti ratarskih i povrtarskih kultura, registrovanih i u Srbiji i u inostranstvu, koje je Institut razvio, svedoče o uspehu oplemenjivačkog rada, potvrđujući lidersku ulogu u zemlјi i regionu.

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    Authors: Ivanović, Jovan;

    The dissolution of Yugoslavia is an example of how radical transformation of the past could be intertwined with violent conflict, which led to mass destruction and atrocities in the Western Balkan region, leaving consequences even today. Scholars, especially the ones who are members of prestigious national academies, should enlighten the political abuse of history as it contrasts scientific rigour. However, circumstances of war and rising tensions influence every member of society, including social scientists. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the implications for intergroup relations of “new” ethnonational narratives in the scientific works of Serbian, Croatian and Bosniak members of national academies. In this case study, we used qualitative content analysis of three books (one for each ethnic group), which were selected due to their relevance for the history of relations between three ethnic groups and representativity for ethnonational narratives. The analytical framework was based on Bar-Tal’s (2007) theory about sociopsychological foundations of conflict which assumes a specific organization of collective memory developed during the war that poses an obstacle to reconciliation after an official peace agreement. Thus, the codes used were: 1) justness of in-group goals (in-group goals and ways of attaining them in the past are justified and claimed existential, while out-group goals are rejected and criticized); 2) delegitimization of out-group (emphasis is placed on historical representations which depict outgroups as negative and inhuman, including their traits, intentions and deeds); 3) victimization of in-group (ingroup is depicted as a historical victim of rival out-groups with emphasis on strong and exaggerated depictions of killings, oppression, destruction); 4) positive ingroup image (the exclusive emphasis is on the historical representations of exaggerated in-group positive traits, intentions and deeds). Results showed that four themes of socio-psychological ‘infrastructure’ of conflict are present in the selected academic works. Among all authors, the justness of in-group goals and delegitimization of the out-group dominate the text. On the other hand, examples of critical analysis of the in-group and its goals, as well as examples of the positive image of the ethnic out-groups and acknowledging their victims are almost absent. In rare cases when such themes are mentioned, it is with a function to discredit and relativize them. Hence, the case study shows how ethnonational narratives, even in works of academics from different ethnic groups, could contribute to creating and maintaining the sociopsychological infrastructure of conflict. We discuss the responsibility of social scientists, national scientific institutions and guidelines for liberating historical science from political manipulation. Распад Југославије је пример како радикална трансформација прошлости може бити уско увезана са насилним конфликтом, који је причинио огромну штету народима ових простора и чије се последице осећају и данас. Од друштвених научника, а посебно чланова престижних националних академија, очекује се да расветле покушаје политичке злоупотребе историје, али клима рата некада може да утиче да друштвена интелигенција управо допринесе (зло)употреби исте. Последично, циљ истраживања био је да испитамо какве импликације по међугрупне односе имају „нови“ етнонационалистички наративи у историјским делима српских, хрватских и бошњачких чланова националних академија. У овој студији случаја, као аналитички оквир кориситили смо Бар-Талову (Bar-Tal, 2007) теорију о социо-психолошким основама конфликта, која претпоставља специфичну организацију колективног сећања развијену током рата, а која потом омета процес помирења. Користили смо квалитативну анализу садржаја три дела која смо одабрали као репрезентативне примере за етнонационалистички наратив сваке од етничких група. Резултати показују да су теме социо-психолошке „инфраструктуре“ конфликта - оправданост циљева сопствене групе, позитивна слика сопствене групе, делегитимизација друге групе, виктимизација сопствене групе – присутне у анализираним академским делима. Код свих аутора посебно доминирају теме у вези са делегитимизацијом друге етничке групе и њених циљева/деловања. Са друге стране, примери критичког сагледавање сопствене групе и њених циљева, односно позитивне слике других етничких група и помињање њихових жртава скоро потпуно су одсутни. Дакле, студија случаја приказује на који начин етнонационалистички наративи у делима академика различитих етничких заједница могу допринети градњи и одржавању социо-психолошке инфраструктуре конфликта. На крају, дискутујемо о одговорности научника, националних научних институција и смерницама за ослобађање историјске науке од политичко-идентитетске манипулације.

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    Dialects, namely vernacular speeches as a segment of intangible cultural assets represent a significant part of the identity of a group or individual, who recognize them as the very essence of their identity and as an indispensable part of its cultural heritage. Due to all kinds of lifestyle changes, especially in rural areas, dialects are in danger of a accelerated transformation and devastation, where they are still preserved, and therefore should be placed high on the list of priorities in the implementation of protection measures elements of intangible national cultural heritage (speech recording and adequate storage first, and then research of the collected material and its presentation). The dialect lexicon is an extremely important representative of the traditional material, spiritual and social culture of the Serbian people. It is important to point out the validity of ethnographic data that can be indirectly read from linguistic lexical maps. Dialect lexicon is the fundus of Serbian vernacular speeches and because of that, its notation and research should be included in the UNESCO concept of preservation, protection and sustainability of intangible cultural heritage. У тексту се најпре предочава да је дијалекатска лексика изузетно значајан репрезент традиционалне материјалне, духовне и социјалне културе српског народа, а будући да она чини значајан сегмент фундуса српских народних говора, подразумева се да њено бележење и истраживање мора бити укључено у Унесков концепт очувања, заштите и одрживости нематеријалног културног наслеђа. Затим се кроз три кључне целине покушава притврдити значај српских народних говора као својеврсних докумената о традицији нашег народног живота и као неизоставног дела српског културног наслеђа. Први сегмент чини сведени избор теренских записа, у другом сегменту представља се неколико одабраних интердисциплинарних пројеката и публикација, а на трећем месту указује се на валидност етнографских података који се посредно ишчитавају из лингвистичких лексичких карата.

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    The paper presents the preliminary results of the research, which should point out the connections of memory, heritage and identity, which are constructed and/or transmitted within families, on the example of the Arоmаnian community in Serbia. The material was collected through interviews based on a questionnaire and divided thematically into smaller sub-chapters (eg migration routes of Aromanian families, integration of immigrants in Serbian society, language, construction of family identity, etc.). The material presented from 14 interviews, which were chosen according to their representativeness, indicates that further work on this topic can be developed in three directions that are intertwined with each other: 1. research into the way family history and family identity are constructed through narratives, as well as micro and macro history relationships; 2. research into how certain elements of cultural heritage, including family stories and histories themselves, are passed down from generation to generation; 3. research on how family memory influences the formation of personal and collective identities of the interlocutors. The results of the research should contribute to a better knowledge of the cultural identity and heritage of Aromanians in Serbia. У раду се износе прелиминарни резултати истраживања, које треба да укаже на везе сећања, памћења, наслеђа и идентитета, који се конструишу и /или преносе у оквиру породица, на примеру арманске/цинцарске заједнице у Србији. Грађа је сакупљана путем интервјуа на основу оквирног упитника и подељена тематски у мања подпоглавља (нпр. путеви миграција, интеграција досељеника, језик, конструсање породичног идентитета, итд). Презентирана грађа из четрнаест интервјуа, који су изабрани према репрезентативности, указује да се даљи рад на овој теми може развијати у три правца који су међусобно испреплетени: 1. истраживање начина на који се кроз наративе конструишу породична историја и породични идентитет, као и односи микро и макро историје; 2. истраживање начина на који се поједини елементи културног наслеђа, укључујући и саме породичне приче и историје, преносе с генерације на генерацију; 3. истраживање начина на који породично памћење утиче на формирање личног и колективних идентитета саговорника. Резултати истраживања требало би да допринесу бољем познавању културног идентитета и наслеђа Армана/ Цинцара у Србији. Посебна издања / Српска академија наука и уметности ; књ. 708. Одељење друштвених наука ; књ. 112 - Одбор за проучавање националних мањина и људских права (уредници Тибир Варади и Младена Прелић) / Special editions / Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts ; book 708. Deparтment of Social Sciences ; book 112 - Committee for National Мinorities and Human Rights Studies (editors Tibor Varadi and Mladena Prelić).

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    Authors: Šestić, Marina; Šešum, Mia;

    Uvod: Poezija je oduvek percipirana kao umetnost koja se stvara u pisanoj, a izražava u vokalnoj formi putem recitovanja. Za mnoge kritičare i ljubitelje poezije 19. veka ona predstavlja ritmičku i vibrantnu sintezu koja se ogleda u izražajnom glasanju koje je oplemenjeno pokretima i facijalnom ekspresijom, sadrži muzičke elemente u vidu različitih modusa metra, ritma i rime koji je oplemenjuju, čine multidimenzionalnom, ekspresivnom i prefinjenom. Generacije stručnjaka su smatrale da je stvaranje poezije dar ili talenat koji nije dostupan gluvim i nagluvim osobama. Cilj: Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na istorijske i sociokulturne okvire, specifičnosti, poteškoće i doprinos savremene tehnologije u izražavanju znakovne poezije gluvih osoba. Metode: Primenjene metode su uporedna analiza, evaluacija i sistem dedukcije i indukcije u razmatranju dostupne literature. Rezultati: Znakovna poezija je veoma dugo imala neformalni karakter i izvodila se u zajednici gluvih na zabavama, skupovima i druženjima. Mnogi naučnici, kritičari, nisu ni pomišljali da gluve osobe mogu stvarati poeziju, biti pesnici. Međutim, Džon Karlin (John Carlin, 1813‒1891), iako kongenitalno gluva osoba, bio je veoma talentovan pesnik, pisac i slikar. Njegovim savremenicima je ta činjenica bila iznenađenje i izazivala je nevericu. Zahvaljujući njegovom primeru, i oni i njihovi naslednici shvatili su da gluvoća ne ograničava mogućnosti za bavljenje ovim vidom umetnosti. Znakovna poezija je vizuelna umetnička forma koja postaje sve aktuelnija u zajednici gluvih i čujućih osoba. Iako nije imala istu istoriju i institucionalnu podršku u različitim državama sveta, znakovna poezija izaziva sve veće interesovanje, finansijsku podršku i priznanje, pre svega zahvaljujući razvoju tehnologije. Zaključak: Savremeni svet predstavlja idealan okvir za razvoj i afirmaciju znakovne poezije. Danas gluvi pesnici snimaju svoju znakovnu poeziju ili prevode poeziju drugih autora na znakovni jezik, tako da su video snimci dostupni i prilagođeni široj javnosti. Introduction: Poetry has always been perceived as an art that is created in writing and expressed in vocal form through recitation. For many critics and lovers of 19th-century poetry, it represents a rhythmic and vibrant synthesis that is reflected in the expressive voice followed by movements and facial expression, contains musical elements in the form of different modes of meter, rhythm, and rhyme that refine it and make it multidimensional, expressive, and refined. Generations of experts have considered the creation of poetry to be a gift or talent unavailable to the deaf and hard of hearing. Aim: The aim of this paper is to point out the historical and sociocultural frameworks, specificities, difficulties, and the contribution of modern technology in the expression of signed poetry of deaf people. Methods: The applied methods are comparative analysis, evaluation, and the system of deduction and induction in considering the available literature. Results: Signed poetry has had an informal character for a very long time and was performed in the deaf community at parties, gatherings, and get- togethers. Many scientists and critics did not even think that deaf people could create poetry or be poets. However, John Carlin (1813-1891), although a congenitally deaf person, was a very talented poet, writer, and painter. To his contemporaries, this fact was a surprise and caused disbelief. Thanks to his example, both they and their successors realized that deafness does not limit the possibilities for practicing this form of art. Signed poetry is a visual art form that is becoming more and more relevant in the deaf and hearing community. Although it did not have the same history and institutional support in different countries of the world, signed poetry is attracting increasing interest, financial support, and recognition, primarily thanks to the development of technology. Conclusion: The modern world represents an ideal framework for the development and affirmation of signed poetry. Today, deaf poets record their own signed poetry or translate the poetry of other authors into sign language, so that the videos are available and adapted to the general public.

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    Authors: Milinković, Milena;

    Bearing in mind that timely access to relevant information, as well as defining and developing adequate terminology, is a prerequisite for new research and further development in any scientific field, this dissertation presents the possibilities with regard to retrieving information and extracting terms for the sample corpus of spatial planning using a number of modern technologies. The study points out many benefits, but also certain limitations faced when searching for information using Library Information Systems, Geographic Information Systems and the RAUmPLAN repository. The content, preparation process and confirmed representativeness of the sample corpus formed for spatial planning are described below. Processing the text, which includes tokenization, lemmatization, highlighting types of words, and extracting terms was carried out using the Unitex tool. The corpus was then placed on the NoSketch platform, where, on the basis of set queries, the importance of the previous processing of the text was confirmed, making it possible to search with a significantly higher indicator of response and accuracy. By separating the texts of spatial plans from the sample corpus, the PPTXM sub-corpus was formed, on which the remaining research was conducted. Using advanced methods and technologies, the SrpNER tool highlighted and extracted various groups of named entities. The significant contribution of this dissertation is seen in the way it connects named entities in the INCEpTION environment with items from the Wikidata knowledge base. This knowledge base enabled the grouping of items by creating SPARQL queries, according to the given criteria. The output sets were visualized in the form of maps, graphs, tables and photo frames. Hierarchical analysis in the TXM environment indicated the structural features of the corpus: the number of texts, paragraphs, sentences and corpus words. Using morphological labels, the frequency of occurrence of different types of words and punctuation marks in the entire corpus was determined within the TXM system. Since the TXM system allows the display of specific linguistic phenomena, it was also possible to monitor the progression, i.e., the cumulative frequency of different types of words, both throughout the whole corpus and through its constituent parts. Имајући у виду да правовремени приступ релевантним информацијама, као и дефинисање и развој адекватне терминологије представља предуслов за нова истраживања и даљи развој сваке научне области, у дисертацији су приказане могућности проналажења информација и екстраховања термина, на узорном корпусу просторног планирања коришћењем низа савремених технологија. У раду је указано на многобројне погодности али и извесна ограничења приликом претраживања информација коришћењем Библиотечких информационих система, Географских информационих система и репозиторијума РАУмПЛАН. У наставку је описан садржај, поступак израде и потврђена репрезентативност формираног узорног корпуса просторног планирања. Обрада текста, која подразумева токенизацију, лематизацију, обележавање врсте речи, као и екстракцију термина извршена је алатом Unitex. Корпус је потом постављен на пратформу NoSketch где је, на основу постављених упита, потврђен значај претходне обраде текстова која омогућава претраживање са знатно већим индикатором одзива и прецизности. Издвајањем текстова просторних планова из узорног корпуса, формиран је поткорпус PPTXM, на ком су вршена преостала истраживања. Коришћењем напредних метода и технологија, алатом SrpNER извршено је обележавање и екстраховање различитих група именованих ентитета. Значајан допринос ове дисертације огледа се и у повезивању именованих ентитета у INCEpTION окружењу са ставкама из базе знања Википодаци. Поменута база знања омогућила је груписање ставки, креирањем SPARQL упита, према задатим критеријумима. Визуелизација излазних скупова представљена је у виду мапа, графова, табела и оквира са фотографијама. У TXM окружењу хијерахијском анализом је указано на структуралне особине корпуса: број текстова, пасуса, реченица и корпусних речи. Коришћењем морфолошких етикета, у оквиру TXM система утврђена је фреквентност појављивања различитих врста речи и знакова интерпункције у читавом корпусу. Будући да систем TXM дозвољава и приказивање специфичних језичких појава, омогућено је и праћење прогресијe, односно кумулативнe фреквенцијe различитих врста речи, како кроз цео корпус, тако и кроз његове саставне делове.

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