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Documenting the first appearance of modern humans in a given region is key to understanding the dispersal process and the replacement or assimilation of indigenous human populations such as the Neanderthals. The Iberian Peninsula was the last refuge of Neanderthal populations as modern humans advanced across Eurasia. Here we present evidence of an early Aurignacian occupation at Lapa do Picareiro in central Portugal. Diagnostic artifacts were found in a sealed stratigraphic layer dated 41.1 to 38.1 ka cal BP, documenting a modern human presence on the western margin of Iberia ∼5,000 years earlier than previously known. The data indicate a rapid modern human dispersal across southern Europe, reaching the westernmost edge where Neanderthals were thought to persist. The results support the notion of a mosaic process of modern human dispersal and replacement of indigenous Neanderthal populations. BCS-1420299 / BCS-1724997 / BCS-1420453 / BCS-1725015 / SGS-2020-017 / DL 57/2016/CP1361/CT0026 / IF/01075/2013 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This paper presents an experimental and numerical analysis of swirl flow in a circular tube. Swirl flow is important for technical and natural processes, where high heat transfer and good fluid mixing are needed. Flow and vortex structures respecting redistribution of momentum and possible occurrence of vortex breakdown are taken into account. The swirl flow is analysed experimentally by the measurement of the velocity field using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and numerically via the commercial CFD code ANSYS CFX. Three cases are investigated: laminar flow regime (Re = 1,000), intermediate flow regime (Re = 2,000), and turbulent flow regime (Re = 5,000). The redistribution of the velocity field and the decrease of the swirl strength towards the outlet are shown. This redistribution affects the Reynolds number. Concerning the Rossby number, the occurrence of vortex breakdown in the swirl flow is determined. It is shown that the vortex breakdown takes place in the flow with higher Reynolds numbers, where an axial backflow may occur. Changes of the Reynolds numbers Re_phi and Re_z along the tube length also confirm this statement. Furthermore, a thermodynamic perspective of vortex breakdown phenomena is presented. Příspěvek se zaměřuje na experimentální a numerickou analýzu vírového toku v trubici. Vírový tok je možné sledovat v technických aplikacích i v přírodě zejména tam, kde je zapotřebí efektivní přenos tepla a dobré promíchávání tekutiny. Proudová pole a struktury vírů a jejich redistribuce zde hrají klíčovou roli. Vírový tok je v tomto případě studován experimentálně využitím metody PIV a numericky využitím komerčního CFD balíku ANSYS CFX. Studovány jsou tři případy režimů proudění: laminární režim (Re = 1000), přechodový režim (Re = 2000) a turbulentní režim (Re = 5000). Redistribuce rychlosti a pokles vírovosti směrem k výstupu z trubice jsou charakteristickými v tomto typu proudění. Tyto jevy značné ovlivňují Reynoldsovo číslo. Z tohoto plyne, že využitím Rossbyho čísla, byl také studován rozpad víru. Je ukázáno, že rozpad víru je prokazatelnější u toků s vyšším Reynoldsovo číslem, kde lze také pozorovat osový zpětný tok. Charakter Reynoldsových čísel Re_phi a Re_z rovněž potvrzují toto tvrzení. Dále je v příspěvky představena analýza rozpadu víru z hlediska termodynamické podmínky stability.

The article presents an interdisciplinary project that is focussed on an important cultural monument, namely a fortified hilltop settlement in the cadastre of Hradiště near Pilsen. This fortification is attested by five phases, which correspond to the main epochs of the erection of west Bohemian ramparts during the time span from the turn of the early to the Middle Bronze Age until the early medieval period. Geophysical prospection and trial excavations conducted there in 2012 and 2013 revealed important and new information on the stratigraphy and natural environment of the site. The project is particularly directed towards collaboration between archaeology and scientific studies. Geophysical and geochemical aspects of archaeological contexts, archaeobotanical and archaeozoological finds as well as geological composition of the materials from the fortification were analysed. Special attention was given to the problematic of the so-called vitrified walls (Schlackenwälle) associated with this site. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt ein interdisziplinäres Projekt zur Erforschung eines bedeutenden Kulturdenkmals, nämlich einer befestigten Höhensiedlung im Kataster von Hradiště bei Pilsen, vor. Es handelt sich um eine Befestigung mit fünf belegten Phasen, die den Hauptepochen der Errichtung der westböhmischen Burgwälle entsprechen und einen Zeitraum von der Wende von der frühen zur mittleren Bronzezeit bis zum Frühmittelalter umfassen. In den Jahren 2012 und 2013 wurden hier eine geophysikalische Prospektion und Sondierungsgrabungen durchgeführt, die viele wichtige und neue Informationen zur Stratigraphie und natürlichen Umgebung der Fundstelle erbracht haben. Das Projekt ist besonders an der Zusammenarbeit zwischen der Archäologie und den Naturwissenschaften ausgerichtet. Geophysikalische und geochemische Eigenschaften der archäologischen Befunde, archäobotanische und archäozoologische Funde sowie die geologische Zusammensetzung des Materials von der Befestigung wurden analysiert. Spezielle Aufmerksamkeit ist der Problematik der sog. Schlackenwälle gewidmet, mit der diese Fundstelle traditionell verbunden wird.

Procedural modeling is a technique to describe 3D objects by a constructive, generative description. In order to tap the full potential of this technique the content creator needs to be familiar with two worlds - procedural modeling techniques and computer graphics on the one hand as well as domain-specific expertise and specialized knowledge on the other hand. This article presents a JavaScript-based approach to combine both worlds. It describes a modeling tool for generative modeling whose target audience consists of beginners and intermediate learners of procedural modeling techniques. Our approach will be beneficial in various contexts. JavaScript is a wide-spread, easy-to-use language. With our tool procedural models can be translated from JavaScript to various generative modeling and rendering systems.

Subdivision surfaces are an established modeling tool in computer graphics and computer-aided design. While the theoretical foundations of subdivision surfaces are well studied, the correlation between a control mesh and its subdivided limit surface still has some open-ended questions: Which topology should a control mesh have? Where should control vertices be placed? A modeler - human or software - is confronted with these questions and has to answer them. In this paper we analyze four characteristic situations. Each one consists of an analytical reference surface S and several variants of control meshes Ci. In order to concentrate on the topology of the control meshes, the geometrical positions of their control vertices have been determined and optimized automatically. As a result we identified the best topology of all Ci to represent the given surface S. Based on these results we derived heuristics to model with subdivision surfaces. These heuristics are beneficial for all modelers.

In general, user interfaces should be intuitive, self-explanatory and adaptive to various user skills. Especially in augmented reality systems with complex interaction possibilities simple concepts are necessary to guide the user. Therefore, we extend the ideas of the traditional WIMP metaphor (Windows, Icons, Menus, Pointer) with the capabilities of multimodal interfaces where multiple ”human” communication channels are used as input data for navigation, orientation and interaction. In this work we will present the adaption of the user interface of an existing mobile augmented reality system for cultural heritage to multimodal interaction. We present the concepts that led us to the decision for the use of speech and capturing of hand movements by means of an inertial tracker, as well as the implementation aspects of the initial prototype. User evaluation trials will prove our approach.