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Die englischsprachige Publikation erzählt die Geschichte der schweizerischen Uhrenmanufaktur 'International Watch Company' (IWC) der Jahre 1875 bis 1890. Den Autoren ist es in jahrelanger Forschungsarbeit gelungen, die Geschichte von unbekannten IWC-Uhrwerken aus dieser Zeit zu dokumentieren. Die passionierten Forscher beschreiben mit Liebe zum Detail den damaligen Stand der Technik und das Umfeld, in dem sich die IWC-Uhrenmanufaktur behaupten musste. Die Zeit ist besonders interessant, da IWC viele verschiedene Uhrwerke lancierte und zur Marktreife brachte. Nach turbulenten Anfangsjahren gelang es dem 1868 gegründeten Unternehmen, sich am Markt zu behaupten und zu einem führenden Hersteller von Luxusuhren aufzusteigen. Mit dem hochwertig verarbeiteten Bildband wird die Geschichte des Uhrmacherhandwerks im 19. Jahrhundert erfahrbar und Sammler:innen historischer Uhren können sich über das umfangreiche Quellenmaterial freuen. This English-language publication tells the story of the Swiss watch manufacturer 'International Watch Company' (IWC) from the years 1875 to 1890. The authors have succeeded in documenting the history of unknown IWC movements from this period through years of research work. The passionate researchers describe with attention to detail the state of the art of IWC at the time and the business environment in which the Schaffhausen based company had to perform. The period is particularly interesting because IWC launched many different movements and brought them to market. After challenging early years, the company, founded in 1868, managed to hold its own in the market and rise to become a leading manufacturer of luxury watches. With this high-quality illustrated book, the history of the watchmaking trade in the 19th century can be experienced and collectors of historical watches can enjoy the extensive source material.

Tento dokument byl vytvořen se státní podporou Technologické agentury ČR v rámci Programu ÉTA.

Viele Hochschulbibliotheken in Deutschland unterstützen mittlerweile die Forschung und Lehre in den Digital Humanities. Die jüngsten Fachdiskussionen über den DH-Dienst an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken befassen sich entsprechend intensiv mit den konkreten Inhalten des DH-Dienstes und sprechen sich mehrheitlich dafür aus, den DH-Dienst an wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken inhaltlich nah an der Forschung anzusiedeln und nicht lediglich als eine infrastrukturelle Unterstützungsleistung zu begreifen. Die vorliegende Studie prüft anhand von zehn Interviews mit DH-Akteur*innen an 9 verschiedenen wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken in Deutschland, ob und inwiefern das für DH zuständige Personal tatsächlich nah an der DH-Forschung und -Lehre arbeitet. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass alle DH-Fachreferent*innen in dem Sinne forschungsnah beschäftigt sind, dass sie in ihrer Arbeit direkt mit den Belangen der DH-Forschenden zu tun haben und dass sie aufmerksam den aktuellen Entwicklungen in der DH-spezifischen Fachdiskussion folgen, um ihrer Rolle als DH-Fachreferent*innen gerecht zu werden. Der Umfang und die konkreten Inhalte ihrer DH-Dienste weisen allerdings große Unterschiede in Abhängigkeit von der DH-Forschungslandschaft an der jeweiligen Universität und von der organisatorischen Struktur der jeweiligen Bibliothekseinrichtung auf. Diese Veröffentlichung geht zurück auf eine Masterarbeit im weiterbildenden Masterstudiengang im Fernstudium Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft (Library and Information Science, M.A. (LIS)) an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin aus dem Jahr 2023.

AbstractMixed turbidite–contourite depositional systems result from interactions between down‐slope turbidity currents and along‐slope bottom currents, comprising excellent records of past oceanographic currents. Modern and ancient systems have been widely documented along the continental margins of the Atlantic Ocean. Yet, few examples have so far been identified on the North‐west African continental margin, limiting understanding of the sedimentary and palaeoceanographic evolution in this area. This work uses two‐dimensional seismic reflection profiles to report, for the first time, the presence of three giant sediment mounds beneath the headwall region of the Sahara Slide Complex. The sediment mounds are elongated and separated by two broad canyons, showing a north‐west/south‐east orientation that is roughly perpendicular to the continental margin. These mounds are 24 to 37 km long and 12 to 17 km wide, reaching a maximum height of ca 1000 m. Numerous slide scarps are observed within and along the flanks of the mounds, hinting at the occurrence of submarine landslides during their development. Based on their geometries, external shapes, internal seismic architecture and stratigraphic stacking patterns, it is proposed that these sediment mounds comprise down‐slope elongated mounded drifts formed in a mixed turbidite–contourite system during four evolutionary stages: onset, growth, maintenance and burial. The significance of this work is that it demonstrates the gradual transition from a turbidite system to a full mixed turbidite–contourite system to be associated, in the study area, with the establishment of strong ocean currents along north‐west Africa.

The seismogenesis of rocks is mainly affected by their mineral composition and in situ conditions (temperature and state of stress). Diverse laboratory experiments have explored the frictional behaviour of the rocks and rock-forming minerals most common in the crust and uppermost mantle. However, it is debated how to “upscale” these results to the lithosphere. In particular, most earthquakes in the crust nucleate down to the crustal seismogenic depth (CSD), which is a proxy for the maximum depth of crustal earthquake ruptures in seismic hazard assessments. In this study we propose a workflow to upscale and validate those laboratory experiments to natural geological conditions relevant for crustal and upper-mantle rocks. We used the southern Caribbean and northwestern South America as a case study to explore the three-dimensional spatial variation of the CSD (mapped as D90, the 90 % percentile of hypocentral depths) and the temperatures at which crustal earthquakes likely occur. A 3D steady-state thermal field was computed for the region with a finite-element scheme using the software GOLEM, considering the uppermost 75 km of a previously published 3D data-integrative lithospheric configuration, lithology-constrained thermal parameters, and appropriate upper and lower boundary conditions. The model was validated using additional, independent measurements of downhole temperatures and heat flow. We found that the majority of crustal earthquakes nucleate at temperatures less than 350 ∘C, in agreement with frictional experiments of typical crustal rocks. A few outliers with larger hypocentral temperatures evidence nucleation conditions consistent with the seismogenic window of olivine-rich rocks, and can be due to either uncertainties in the Moho depths and/or in the earthquake hypocentres or the presence of ultramafic rocks within different crustal blocks and allochthonous terranes accreted to this complex margin. Moreover, the spatial distribution of crustal seismicity in the region correlates with the geothermal gradient, with no crustal earthquakes occurring in domains with low thermal gradient. Finally, we find that the largest earthquake recorded in the region (Mw=7.1, Murindó sequence, in 1992) nucleated close to the CSD, highlighting the importance of considering this lower-stability transition for seismogenesis when characterizing the depth of seismogenic sources in hazard assessments. The approach presented in this study goes beyond a statistical approach in that the local heterogeneity of physical properties is considered in our simulations and additionally validated by the observed depth distribution of earthquakes. The coherence of the calculated hypocentral temperatures with those expected from laboratory measurements provides additional support to our modelling workflow. This approach can be applied to other tectonic settings worldwide, and it could be further refined as new, high-quality hypocentral locations and heat flow and temperature observations become available.

Der eingereichte Beitrag skizziert die Landschaft der bestehenden Toolverzeichnisse in den Digital Humanities. Vor dem Hintergrund dass der Anspruch eines umfassenden und repräsentativen Abbildes computationaller Werkzeuge gemeinhin als nicht realisierbar anerkannt werden muss und weiterhin keine nachhaltigen Governance-sturkturen in geschlossenen Infrastrukturen zu erkennen sind, stellen wir unseren Vorschlag eines auf der Daten- und Infrastrukturebene offenen, community-getriebenen Ansatzes für die kollaborative Verzeichnung von Tools auf Basis von Wikidata vor.

Feature-based approaches to second language (L2) phonology conceptualize the acquisition of new segments as operations that involve either the addition of new phonological features, or the rebundling of existent ones. While the deficit hypothesis assumes that only features that are fully specified in the L1 can be redeployed to the L2 in order to create new segments, it has been shown that features which are completely absent in the L1 can also be learned. This article investigates whether a learning scenario in which features are only partially available (that is, they are present in the L1, but are redundant with other features) is less challenging than learning an entirely new feature, even when the new feature has acoustically salient cues. Since Spanish has a much smaller vowel system /i e a o u/, L2 learners of German with Spanish as L1 need to learn a system with front rounded vowels as well as tense/lax contrasts. We tested L1 Spanish speakers' perception of the German contrasts /i/ ~ / I / (e.g., Miete/mitte , where [+/– tense] is acquired) and /u/ ~ /y/ (e.g., Spulen/spülen , where L1 feature [+/–round] redeploys to a front vowel). The results showed that experienced L2 learners are more successful when discriminating between sounds in a feature acquisition scenario than in redeployment; however, neither of the non-native contrasts was easier to perceive than the other in the identification task. The differences in performance between tasks and in the acoustic saliency of the cues by contrast (F2 vs. duration and F1) suggests that L2 phonological acquisition is likely to take place at a surface level and favors learning through attunement to auditorily salient acoustic cues over internal rearrangement of abstract features, regardless of their presence in the L1. published

This chapter is part of the book Digital Scholarly Editions Beyond Text: Modelling Art, Film, and Everything in Between. I upload it separately here because it might be of interest outside of that context. Modelling is said to be a core activity in the digital humanities. In order to understand the methodological and epistemological implications, this chapter explores the history and theory of modelling in science as well as in the humanities. It focuses on the model-of versus model-for distinction, the issue of conflating patterns with structures, and the question how we might arrive at a ‘model of model-being’. All of this is discussed against a background of modelling discourses that are rarely referenced, particularly from the context of cybernetics as they influenced the philosophy of science in the GDR and USSR in the 1960s and 1970s. Another important inquiry centres on the epistemology of the humanities in the German hermeneutical tradition and asks what role Einfühlung (‘feeling-into’ – empathy – capacity for perspective-taking) might play in the scholarship of modelling.