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The historical literature appears limited in investigating the accountability and functioning of hybrid organisations engaged in countering natural disasters. Therefore, in the context of the phylloxera infestation disaster, this work aims to explore both the informative value and characters of some accountability documents and the role of anti-phylloxera consortia (public-private entities) during the response and recovery phases of the disaster. We apply content analysis through a thematic approach to two reports dating back to 1911 and 1912–1914, respectively, on the action of the anti-phylloxera consortia. On the one hand, this analysis highlights that the documents investigated have a relevant informative capacity, supporting knowledge dissemination and coordinated action. On the other hand, they account for the success of experimental vineyards in terms of agricultural parameters and re-gained productivity, but they do not present accounting data. Finally, the reports analysed show that public-private collaboration enacted by the consortia can be an effective tool for dealing with natural disasters and reducing their impact.

Abstract Power-to-Liquid (PtL) kerosene is considered by many experts as the only viable option to achieve a large scale decarbonization of the aviation sector in the near-medium term. In the PtL process carbon dioxide of renewable origin or from ambient air and green hydrogen are combined to produce a liquid fuel that can replace fossil kerosene. For this purpose the Fischer-Tropsch pathway and the methanol pathway are available. On the other hand, more production pathways are available when using a biomass feedstock. The aim of this work is to compare the power and biogenic routes for the production of sustainable kerosene in terms of performance and requirements. Indeed, there is a lack of studies in the literature that directly compare the two options, i.e. biofuels and e-fuels, on a common basis. Accordingly, simulation models are built in this work for both routes to calculate the yield of kerosene and co-products, the hydrogen demand, the flows of carbon dioxide, the electricity and thermal energy demands. The simulation outputs are compared against the results of the relevant studies in the literature. The expectation from this comparative study is to highlight the criticalities of each route and, possibly, any opportunity to overcome them by exploring any synergy between the different routes.

We present direct evidence of early grape domestication in southern Italy via a multidisciplinary study of pip assemblage from one site, shedding new light on the spread of viticulture in the western Mediterranean during the Bronze Age. This consist of 55 waterlogged pips from Grotta di Pertosa, a Middle Bronze Age settlement in the south of the Italian peninsula. Direct radiocarbon dating of pips was carried out, confirming the chronological consistency of the samples with their archaeological contexts (ca. 1450–1200 BCE). The extraordinary state of conservation of the sample allowed to perform geometric morphometric (GMM) and paleogenetic analyses (aDNA) at the same time. The combination of the two methods has irrefutably shown the presence of domestic grapevines, together with wild ones, in Southern Italy during the Middle/Late Bronze Age. The results converge towards an oriental origin of the domestic grapes, most likely arriving from the Aegean area through the Mycenaeans. A parent/offspring kinship was also recognised between a domestic/wild hybrid individual and a domestic clonal group. This data point out a little known aspect of the diffusion of the first viticulture in Italy, and therefore in the western Mediterranean, which involved the hybridization between imported domestic varieties with, likely local, wild vines. International audience

Abstract The processes d(d, p) 3H and d(d, n) 3 He at energies of interest for energy production and for big-bang nucleosynthesis are studied using the hyperspherical harmonic method. The interactions include modern two- and three-nucleon interactions, derived in chiral effective field theory. We report results for the astrophysical S-factor and the quintet suppression factor.

Abstract. 3D documentation of the Underground Built Heritage (UBH) is always fundamental for knowledge, management, conservation, and enhancement of cultural heritage, but the challenges involved in documenting this kind of site are many and various, With the aim of providing an accurate and reliable representation of the surveyed area without employing time-consuming processes, Mobile Mapping Systems (MMSs) based on SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) technology have now the potential to overcome these challenges, proving to be a useful alternative to traditional surveying techniques. The underground site of Grotta Zinzulusa in Castro (LE), Italy, is an anchialine cave system difficult to access and document due to its narrow passages, large rooms, and poor illumination. Within this case study, the effectiveness of using an MMS approach, employing the STONEX® X120GO SLAM Laser Scanner system, to document the cave system and integrates the data with those obtained from other traditional geomatics techniques, such as UAS (Uncrewed Aerial System) and TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning) surveys, has been proved. The study aims to define the best practices and operational methodologies for enhancing the speediness, usability, and cost-effectiveness of using MMSs in underground settings for 3D documentation of heritage sites to provide metrically correct and accurate products for researchers, scientists, and the wider public.

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms are widely used to improve the health monitoring tools exploited in aeronautics and this result in an increase in reliability and flight safety. Furthermore, better management of maintenance costs is another positive consequence of the application of AI-based health monitoring tools. In this paper, two AI-based health monitoring tools are developed to predict the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of a fleet of simple turbojet engines VIPER 632 – 43 subject to a compressor degradation process. The AI algorithms used in this work are the Nonlinear Autoregressive Network with Exogenous Inputs (NARX) and the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks, which are two types of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) particularly suitable for time-series forecasting. The data about engine operation in degraded condition necessary to develop the just cited tools are obtained by performing a series of simulations in transient condition in which a degraded state at the compressor is implemented. The Matlab&Simulink software, equipped with the T-MATS Simulink library developed by NASA is used to develop a virtual model of the VIPER 632 – 43 engine and to perform the simulation. Furthermore, an adequate mathematical model is used to simulate the trend of the degradation level during time.

This study is addressed at the cultural heritage of the UNESCO historical centre of Urbino (Italy) through the focus on a very peculiar building and ornamental carbonate porous (spongy) stone also found in the opus quadratum Roman dry walls. For these rocks, the mathematician and historian Bernardino Baldi (16th century AD) and the mineralogist Francesco Rodolico (middle of the 20th century AD) introduced, respectively, the popular terms of Tufo spugnoso or Pietra Spugna. Physical observations and stable isotope data (δ13C and δ18O) of these rocks allowed, for the first time, their classification as calcareous tufas, thus contributing to the valorization of the stone heritage of the city. This carbonate lithotype was formed by the chemical precipitation of CaCO3, driven by the CO2 degassing of supersaturated calcium-bicarbonate-rich waters, coupled with the passive encrustations of organic material in continental environments. Radiocarbon analyses dated these stones mostly between 9100 and 4700 yr. BP when a maximum growth of these carbonate continental deposits occurred in Mediterranean regions and northern Europe, i.e., during the Holocene Atlantic climatic optimum. Work is still in progress on a perched springline of calcareous tufas found along the Metauro Valley (a few km from Urbino), being good candidates for provenance, at least for those blocks exploited by the Romans and successively reused in the architectural framework of Urbino.