• Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage
• Publicationsclose
• Research dataclose
• Other research productsclose
• 2018-2022close
• Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage close
• Social Science and Humanities close

Part of book: ISBN 978-1-009-10023-6QC 20221219

Resumo Este artigo investiga a relação entre animais humanos e não-humanos no pensamento de Aristóteles, tomando como fonte principal seus tratados de zoologia e, dentre eles, a História dos animais. O objetivo central é discutir em que medida é possível identificar traços incontornáveis de antropocentrismo em Aristóteles, e, em caso positivo, em quais termos esse antropocentrismo é expresso. A partir da leitura de passagens diversas, e da análise filológica de determinados verbos empregados pelo filósofo, argumento que o dado antropocêntrico dos escritos de Aristóteles, embora presente, pode ser nuançado, em especial quando algumas espécies - como a esponja do mar - são abordadas pelo estagirita. Assim, concluo que a retórica antropocêntrica de Aristóteles aparece com mais frequência quando os animais são abordados em conjunto do que como espécies isoladas. Abstract This article investigates the relationship between human and non-human animals in Aristotle’s thought, taking as main source his treatises on zoology and, among them, the History of animals. The major aim is to discuss in what extent it is possible to identify unavoidable traces of anthropocentrism in Aristotle, and, if so, in what terms this anthropocentrism is expressed. From the reading of different passages, and a philological analysis of certain verbs used by the philosopher, I argue that the anthropocentric aspect of Aristotle’s writings, although existing, can be nuanced, especially when some species - such as the sponge - are discussed by Aristotle. Thus, I conclude that Aristotle’s anthropocentric rhetoric appears more often when animals are analyzed together than as isolated species.

The aim of this study is to follow the process of Mardin Sanjak's separation from Northern Mesopotamia after the Armistice of Mudros, through some local events and personalities. For this purpose, the information obtained from British, American and Turkish archival documents has been completed with information obtained from English, Arabic and Turkish compilations, and events and personalities have been described impartially. It has been observed how far the local events and the actions of the personalities are reflected in the policies of the central government and even of foreign (Iraqi and Syrian) governments. Old photographs of some local personalities, which have not been published anywhere until now, were obtained from various sources and visuality was added to the work. The fact that the names of a few of the personalities were later given to the neighbourhoods, boulevards and schools in the Sanjak and its environs, by their families and local authorities, has been included as a footnote in the historical narrative.Until the beginning of the War of Independence, the Mardin Sanjak had commercial and social ties with the neighbouring Mosul Province and the Detached Deir el-Zor Governorate. Mosul-Nusaybin-Deir el-Zor were the main markets and supply centres of Northern Mesopotamia (al-Jazeera), which ensured the integrity of that region. However, the social and economic integrity of Northern Mesopotamia, which lasted for centuries, began to deteriorate with the Armistice, which ended the Great War for the Ottoman Empire; five years later, the region was officially dismembered by the Treaty of Lausanne. While the Province of Mosul remained in Iraq and the Governorship of Deir el-Zor remained in Syria, the Sanjak of Mardin remained in Turkey. At the end of the study, it was revealed that there were some events and personalities that were influential in the process of separating the Mardin Sanjak, which is a part of Northern Mesopotamia, from the whole and were never mentioned in the Turkish literature. It was seen that the events that took place in this process caused the uncertainty of the Sanjak's belonging; that individuals (e.g. Qaddur Beg and Ajaimi Sadoun Pasha) frequently changed sides or were multilateral in order to protect their interests due to the uncertainty; that many people from Nusaybin and its surroundings joined the short-lived Arab Government in Syria; that the Christians in the Sanjak migrated en masse to Mosul, which was occupied by the British, for fear of conscription; that the Kurdistan Elevation Society made a special effort to seize the Sanjak; that the echo of the Koçgiri Rebellion reached Mardin; that Iraqi and Eastern Syrian personalities, such as civilians Seyid Muhammed, Abdurrazzaq Munir, Said Haj Thabit, and Captains Jamil Muhammed, Abdulhamid al-Dubbuni and Amin al-Umari, came to the Sanjak and led their resistance to the occupation in Iraq and East Syria for a while with the support of the GNA Government; that the Germans came to Nusaybin for the repair of the Ras al-Ayn-Nusaybin railway; that an unsuccessful Pan-Islamism Conference was held in Cizre with the participation of Kurdish and Arab representatives; and that the GNA and the French Governments tried to expand their sovereignty around the Sanjak despite the Ankara Agreement. In addition, it has been determined that Necip (Güven) and Abdurrezzak Şatana, who were deputies at the GNA, were previously members of the Mardin Branch of the Kurdistan Elevation Society; that Ali Bati, the head of the Heverki Confederation, had contacted the British before he rebelled, but could not get the help he expected from them; that before the French Major Robert Normand came to Mardin, two French officers came to there; that Şakir Macar's company from Nusaybin provided fabric to dress the soldier whose clothes were very bad; that Pirizade Bekir from Erzincan occupied Mardin in the continuation of the Koçgiri Rebellion; that the Mayor (?) Kasım Çelebi, who was understood to be collaborating with the rebels in Mardin, put pressure on the Christians in the city, and the American Missionary Ms. Fenenga reported this pressure to the British and American authorities in Mosul; that Sheikh al-Sunusi made Pan-Islamist propaganda in the Sanjak and its environs; that Sheikh Muhammed Nuri al-Darshawi organized the people against the occupation of Cizre by the British and the French; and that Cevat Paşa, the commander of the al-Jazeera Front, had a mosque built in his name in Midyat, unlike what he did in Çanakkale. Yüzyıllardır süren Kuzey Mezopotamya’nın sosyal ve ekonomik bütünlüğü, Büyük Savaşı Osmanlı İmparatorluğu için bitiren Mondros Mütarekesi’yle bozulmaya başlamış; beş yıl sonra da Lozan Antlaşmasıyla resmen parçalanmıştır. Yerli ve yabancı arşiv belgeleri ile telifler incelenince, Kuzey Mezopotamya’nın bir parçası olan Mardin Sancağı’nın bütünden ayrılması sürecinde etkili olan ve Türkçe literatürde hiç bahsedilmeyen bazı olaylar ve şahsiyetlerin bulunduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu süreçte meydana gelen olayların Sancağın aidiyetinin belirsizliğine sebep olduğu, oluşan belirsizlik nedeniyle şahsiyetlerin çıkarlarını korumak için sıkça taraf değiştirdiği veya çok taraflı oldukları, Nusaybin ve civarından pek çok kişinin Suriye’deki kısa ömürlü Arap Hükümeti’ne katıldığı, Sancak’taki Hristiyanların askere alınma korkusuyla İngiliz işgalindeki Musul’a kitlesel halde göçtükleri, Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti’nin Sancağı ele geçirmek için özel bir çaba sarf ettiği, Koçgiri İsyanı’nın yankısının Mardin’e ulaştığı, Iraklı ve Doğu Suriyeli şahsiyetlerin Sancağa gelip, Irak ve Doğu Suriye’deki işgale direnişlerini BMM Hükümeti’nin desteğiyle bir süre buradan yönettikleri, Resulayn-Nusaybin demiryolunun tamiri için Almanların Nusaybin’e geldiği ve Cizre’de Kürt ve Arap temsilcilerinin katıldığı başarısız bir Panislamizm konferansının yapıldığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca BMM’nde mebusluk yapan Necip (Güven) ile Abdurrezzak Şatana’nın daha önce Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti Mardin Şubesi’nin üyeleri oldukları, Heverki Konfederasyonu reisi Ali Bati’nin isyan etmeden önce İngilizlerle temas kurduğu fakat onlardan beklediği yardımı alamadığı, Fransız Binbaşı Robert Normand’ın Mardin’e gelmesinden önce iki Fransız subayın Mardin’e geldiği, Erzincanlı Pirizade Bekir’in Koçgiri İsyanı’nın devamında Mardin’i işgal ettiği ve Şeyh Muhammed Nuri El-Derşevi’nin Cizre'nin İngilizler ve Fransızlarca işgaline karşı halkı örgütlediği tesbit edilmiştir.

O texto propõe uma reflexão sobre a influência da noção de tempo na determinação de uma reparação adequada. A partir de um novo paradigma defendido pelo Professor Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade, temos a defesa de uma humanização no direito internacional. Desta humanização, uma nova problemática surge: se o tempo do Estado é diferente do tempo do indivíduo, devemos repensar o tempo da reparação. Analisa-se, assim, como a temporalidade pode impactar os modos de reparação reconhecidos pelo direito internacional clássico: a restituição, a indenização e a satisfação, que pode incluir a reabilitação e as garantias de não repetição. Nesta releitura, identifica-se novos princípios que devem guiar a reparação.

In this paper, the author raises the question about the role of the study of oiconyms in the memory studies approach. The problem presented is the relationship between the city’s past (and culturally alien) name and the contemporary construction of its past and modern identity. The main thread discussed is the construction of the presence/absence of the pre-war name Breslau in the contemporary discourses about the city’s past of Wrocław’s elites and inhabitants. To present the issue the author analysed samples of the discursive strategies derived from academic (historical and literary) discourses and from colloquial discourses of Wrocław inhabitants (thirty in-depth narrative interviews).

In 2004 Romeo and Juliet in Original Pronunciation (OP) was staged at Shakespeare’s Globe, inaugurating what Crystal would later define the OP movement (2016) - a movement aiming to restore the original sound of both the literary and non-literary works of the past. While academic literature suggests an irregular theatrical interest in the Shakespearean OP in the UK, it also demonstrates that such restoratory projects have proven increasingly appealing to the US audiences. The reasons why the North American theater goers' are attracted to the Shakespearean OP remain unclear. Based on a qualitative analysis of interviews with Paul Meier, the director of the theatrical and radio production A Midsummer Night’s Dream (2010, 2012) and two of his cast members, and complementing the findings with the study of promotional and non-promotional articles concerning the productions, this paper aims to shed light on the rationale behind the North American fascination with the Shakespearean OP. As Meier’s reflections gravitate towards the identity of the US as a former British colony, this study, relying extensively on literature review, is carried out both through the lens of literary/cultural history and of historical linguistics. Finally, though limited in its scope, this paper intends to pave the way for further studies on the relationship between the allure of the OP and the US culture, and thereby to enrich the area of investigation concerning Shakespeare's reception in the US and his role in the American culture.

Although the Ottoman-tribal relations has been undermined to the “state-tribe” conflict, it is a sophisticated relation. Çiçek focuses on the Ottoman-tribal relations by shedding light on how the Ottoman governments treated, reacted, and negotiated with the Anizah and Shammar tribes. (These tribes were wide across in the vast geography from the south of Mardin and Urfa in Turkey to the large part of the today’s north and central Syria and Iraq.) Çiçek’s book consists of seven chapters and comprehensively covers the Ottoman state tribal relations from the beginnings of the Tanzimat to the Second Constitutional period (1840- 1914).

Siyasatnamas provide rich literature to corresponds to research area of studies about the administrative history. The works generally deal with the administration, the characteristics of the ruler and the relationship between the ruler and the ruled, and reveal an administration approach according to the qualifications of the authors and the conditions of their periods and geographies. Studies about siyasatnamas are generally carried out by theologians and historians, focusing on works written during the Ottoman period. The framework of administrative history studies mostly consists of discussions on organizational structuring. This study, on the other hand, focuses on the works written before the Ottoman Empire in contrast to the Ottoman siyasatnamas and administrative organization-oriented discussions that are common in the literature and tries to construct a administrative thought from them. It examines 25 politics written in the geography stretching from Andalusia to Transoxiana between the 10th and 14th centuries. It makes classifications by considering similar and different elements through the content analysis of the siyasatnamas. It classifies the works in a triple way within the framework of theoretical-practical distinction and places it in the relevant group among the groups named as “hikmet”, “fakahet”, “kudret”. It suggests the term “candles for administration” instead of “mirrors for princes” which is used to express siyasatnamas in the literature. Siyasetnameler yönetim tarihi çalışmalarının araştırma evrenine karşılık gelecek nitelikte zengin bir literatür sunmaktadır. Eserler genel olarak idareyi, yöneticinin özelliklerini ve yönetici ile yönetilen arasındaki ilişkiyi ele almakta, yazarlarının niteliklerine, dönemlerinin ve coğrafyalarının koşullarına göre bir yönetim anlayışı ortaya koymaktadır. Siyasetnamelerle ilgili çalışmalar genellikle ilahiyatçılar ve tarihçiler tarafından Osmanlı döneminde yazılan eserlere odaklanılarak yürütülmektedir. Yönetim tarihi çalışmalarının çerçevesini daha çok örgütsel yapılanma tartışmaları oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışma ise literatürde yaygın olan Osmanlı siyasetnameleri ve idari teşkilatlanma odaklı tartışmaların aksine Osmanlı Devleti döneminden önce yazılmış eserlere odaklanmakta ve yönetim düşüncesine katkı sağlayan yönleri ön plana çıkarmaya çalışmaktadır. 10-14. yüzyıllar arasında Endülüs’ten Maveraünnehir’e uzanan coğrafyada yazılan yirmi beş siyasetnameyi incelemektedir. Siyasetnamelerin içerik analizleri üzerinden benzer ve farklı unsurları dikkate alarak sınıflandırmalar yapmaktadır. Eserleri temelde teorik-pratik ayrım çerçevesinde üçlü bir tasnife tabi tutmakta ve “hikmet”, “fakahet”, “kudret” şeklinde isimlendirdiği gruplardan ilgili olana yerleştirmektedir. Ayrıca çalışma literatürde siyasetnamelere karşılık kullanılan “hükümdar aynaları” tanımlamasının yerine “idare kandilleri” ifadesini önermektedir.