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This doctoral study was conducted as an inquiry of the international entrepreneur in order to balance off the domination of firm-level studies and limited discussion of the individual as the initial driver in the international entrepreneurship phenomenon (IE). Two research questions guide the study: ‘How do individuals make sense of themselves as becoming and being international entrepreneurs?’ and ‘How to theorise of individuals becoming and being international entrepreneurs through a narrative approach?’. With a processual view of the phenomenon, this study embraces IE as a journey and approaches histories and sense-making of individuals through narrative inquiry, paying attention to the different efforts by which entrepreneurs (and researchers) contextualize—and constitute—the personal-level IE journeys. The qualitative dataset consists of interviews and historical data. Data analysis builds on ‘hermeneutic reasoning’, suggesting that meanings and implications of journeys individuals have undertaken can be better grasped after they have unfolded in time. The findings in the four publications construct the contribution of this article-based dissertation. Publications I, II and III embrace narrative sense-making as meaning structure to past actions and lived events and illuminate how the international entrepreneurial ‘self’ as an actor and agent in retrospect manifests individuals as the ‘autobiographical authors’ in regard to developmental, transitional and generational experiences and their meanings in becoming and being an international entrepreneur. They provide evidence of how the founders’ sense-making and identity work feed into the behavioural orientations and ‘bounded and boundaryless’ career journeys of becoming and being international. Publications I, III and IV are novel attempts to address empirically the social historic process in which IE is embedded and its significance for the individual. When analysed against the (inter)generational backdrop of individuals’ actions and life-events, we may trace how international entrepreneurs are the protagonists of their own generations and leaving a legacy to the next.

Android-ekosysteemi on erilaisille älylaitteille kehitetty avoimeen lähdekoodiin pohjautuva ekosysteemi, joka on rakennettu Linux -järjestelmäytimen ympärille. Se julkaistiin vuonna 2007, jonka jälkeen sitä on päivitetty säännöllisesti, ja se on laajentunut älypuhelimista muun muassa älykelloihin ja Internet of Things -laitteisiin. Vuonna 2017 se oli myydyin käyttöliittymä sekä älypuhelimien että taulutietokoneiden käyttöjärjestelmänä. Tässä työssä sille luotiin neljä erilaista tulevaisuudenskenaariota käyttäen yhdistettyä skenaariomenetelmää. Ensimmäisessä skenaariossa Android jatkaa nykyisellään markkinajohtajana. Toisessa skenaariossa Google korvaa Android-ekosysteemin toisella ekosysteemillä. Kolmannessa skenaariossa Google lopettaa Android-ekosysteemin tukemisen. Neljännessä skenaariossa Android-ekosysteemi kasvaa yleiskäyttöjärjestelmäksi. The Android ecosystem is an open-source ecosystem developed for various smart devices built around the Linux-kernel. It was released in 2007, after which it has been updated regularly, and has expanded from smartphones to smartwatches and Internet of Things devices, for example. In 2017, it was best-selling operating system, both smartphones and tablet PCs. In this work, four different future scenarios were created using the combined scenario method. In the first scenario, Android continues to be the market leader. In the second scenario, Google replaces the Android ecosystem with another ecosystem. In the third scenario, Google stops supporting the Android ecosystem. In the fourth scenario, the Android ecosystem is growing into a universal operating system.

Recovery boilers are built all over the world. The roots of recovery technology are longer than the roots of recovery boilers. But it wasn’t until the invention of recovery boilers before the Second World War that the pulping technology was revolutionalized. This led to long development of essentially the same type of equipment, culminating into units that are largest biofuel boilers in the world. Early recovery technology concentrated on chemical recovery as chemicals cost money and if one could recycle these chemicals then the profitability of pulp manufacture would improve. For pulp mills the significance of electricity generation from the recovery boiler was for long secondary. The most important design criterion for the recovery boiler was a high availability. The electricity generation in recovery boiler process can be increased by elevated main steam pressure and temperature or by higher black liquor dry solids as well as improving its steam cycle. This has been done in the modern Scandinavian units. Post-print / final draft

Tässä työssä selvitetään, miten Euroopan Unionin päästökauppajärjestelmä on toiminut sen alusta vuodesta 2005 sen nykytilaan vuonna 2014. Erityisesti huomiota kiinnitetään päästöoikeuksien hintakehitykseen sekä käyttämättömien päästöoikeuksien kertymiseen. Työssä havaitaan, että ylimääräiset jaetut päästöoikeudet ovat aiheuttaneet päästöoikeuksien hinnan laskemista. Liian matalan hinnan seurauksena päästökauppa ei kannusta yrityksiä tekemään investointeja vihreään teknologiaan, vaikka se on yksi päästökauppajärjestelmän päätarkoitus YK:n ilmastosopimuksen täyttymisen varmistamisen ohella. Suurin syy käyttämättömien päästöoikeuksien kertymiseen on vuoden 2008 talouskriisi. Tätä ongelmaa korjataan väliaikaisesti siirtämällä päästöoikeuksia myöhemmin jaettavaksi. Lisää ratkaisuja odotetaan neljännelle päästökauppakaudelle. In this thesis the progress of the European Union emission trading system is investigated from the beginning in year 2005 to the current state in year 2014. Special attention is paid to the price development of the emission allowances and accumulation of the unused al-lowances. In this work it is concluded that the allocated allowances that are unused have caused decrease in the price of the emission allowances. As a result of too low emission allowance prices the emission trading system does not encourage the companies in the system to make investments in green technology even though it is one of the main pur-poses of the system alongside securing the UNFCCC goals. The main event that led to surplus of the allowances is the economic crisis of 2008. This problem is being fixed by taking some of the not yet allocated allowances out of the system to be allocated later. More solutions are expected of the fourth emission trading period.

The changes in the labor market accompanied by digitalization have influenced the approaches used for recruitment purposes. The development of machine learning and, specifically, natural language processing allowed new services for automated resume screening to appear. These services aim to reduce the time that HR specialists dedicate to sorting out unsuitable candidates, thus saving the costs per hire. This master thesis provides an analysis of the possible approach for matching CVs to JDs based on the taxonomy of competencies. In the literature review, there are the description and comparison of the different ontologies and taxonomies, and the analysis of the previous research performed in vacancy–CV matching provided. In the methodology part, there are the concepts of natural language processing and information extraction described, and the Sentence Transformer model and named entity recognition explained. Besides, evaluation approaches for taxonomy enrichment and vacancy–CV matching are suggested. In the solution development part, the described concepts and models are applied to the JDs and CVs data to perform taxonomy enrichment and matching tasks. The assessment of the matching algorithm performance based on the expert’s evaluation is presented. Based on the results obtained, the potential usage of the research and possible limitations are discussed.