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This is part 4 of the Rchon statistics course. It continues the basics of statistical testing in R. In this tutorial, we will treat the following statistical testing methods: Mann-Whitney test Kruskal-Wallis test Kolmogorov-Smirnov test Follow the instructions in Instructions Tutorial 4.pdf to start the tutorial. This course was originally created for Archon Research School of Archaeology by Philip Verhagen (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) and Bjørn P. Bartholdy (University of Leiden), and consists of an instruction, a tutorial, a test and two datafiles. All content is CC BY-NC-SA: it can be freely distributed and modified under the condition of proper attribution and non-commercial use. How to cite: Verhagen, P. & B.P. Bartholdy, 2022. "Rchon statistics course, part 3". Amsterdam, ARCHON Research School of Archaeology. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7458108

This is part 3 of the Rchon statistics course. It continues the basics of statistical testing in R. In this tutorial, we will treat the following statistical testing methods: chi square test Fisher's exact test Follow the instructions in Instructions Tutorial 3.pdf to start the tutorial. This course was originally created for Archon Research School of Archaeology by Philip Verhagen (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) and Bjørn P. Bartholdy (University of Leiden), and consists of an instruction, a tutorial, a test and two datafiles. All content is CC BY-NC-SA: it can be freely distributed and modified under the condition of proper attribution and non-commercial use. How to cite: Verhagen, P. & B.P. Bartholdy, 2022. "Rchon statistics course, part 3". Amsterdam, ARCHON Research School of Archaeology. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7457698

This final ARIADNEplus project report on Policies and Good Practices for FAIR Archaeological Data Management describes how focused and dedicated support has established structured policies and strategies for the creation of archaeological data of high quality. A standardised and online tool offers a Data Management Plan for archaeologists which helps researchers to conduct their research following standard quality criteria. Researchers can save a lot of time when preparing a Data Management Plan, since a motivation is only required when deviating from the standard reply, which the Domain Protocol for Archaeological Data Management offers as pre-formulated statements. A related Guide for Archaeological Data Management Planning helps users in their work to find good practices in archaeological data management.

Natural language processing (NLP) for detecting lexical semantic change and linguistic linked open data (LLOD) are two areas of research that have shown promising results in the latest years. However, their potential of being considered together for analysing and representing semantic change from a humanistic perspective needs further study and development. The talk will present an overview of theoretical aspects, NLP techniques and LLOD formalisms intended to this purpose, and will focus on a project developed as a humanities use case within the COST Action “Nexus Linguarum - European network for Web-centred linguistic data science.” The discussion will include preliminary thoughts on the conception of a system that combines dictionary information with corpus evidence, and provides multilingual diachronic ontologies for humanities research.

Research portfolio THE PROBLEM: The collection of items available as uploads (left) are broadly concerned with a class of rhythmic events that that contain disturbing elements, or “hiccups”. Example: Firstly, secondly, weirdly and thirdly… Hiccups can occur in sequences that are either logical, procedural or both (editorial). They are e.g. relevant in connection with photogravure editions. Featuring elements that are unexplainable/irrelevant in the sequence. 1, 2, X and 3… (See Didi-Huberman for an in depth analysis of the question. Didi-Huberman, Georges. (2008). La ressemblance par contact—Archaeologie et modernité de l’empreinte. Minuit.) I am broadly scouting for ways of taking stock such odd elements to see if it is possible to intercept the weft of the passage from image- to object perception. This is done by asking a question, showing an image, and providing an answer. The images are the ones contained in the slide-show (featuring the Q&A at the end). Together, the sequence of 26 Q&As with an image, feature a matrix of the type that Christopher Alexander called a pattern (with the interception X added here). The argument for making an account and finding uses for hiccups is: if unattended they leave a long tail, a growing shadow discussed here in Goethe’s and Jung’s terms. If hiccups are understood as elements occurring in a sequence/edition for which there is no rule, nor any currently existing learning algorithm, then they will tend to aggregate. If left unaccounted and unattended they will grow on par with the power and multiplication of computers in human exchange (i.e., a long entropic tail). Hence we here have a candidate model to explain how human and environmental relations could escalate to states of exception in a variety of un/related areas. And alternatives of how to deal with them are within reach of research. A solution that eliminates the problem—or, an answer that eliminates the question—contains no knowledge. SYNOPSIS From the exhibition element shown in Gallery ROM61 at KMD, for the seminar Tracing Rhythm, a carousel of slides were slung in a spiral out of the Lineup called La Kahina. Her journey around the world as the wife of a diplomat called K, features a variety of homes: domestic interiors adapted to a variety of local circumstances and the job. On the backdrop of this adaptive enclosure the life and work of her husband: the Norwegian political positions in the global oil and gas-trade. Between them a middle zone dedicated to mundane and cultural events: La Kahina’s home is never quite private, and K’s diplomatic errands are never quite public. The middle zone is fringe-space between the private and public domains. It is compared with Goethe’s studio and Arne Næss cabin at Tvergastein (Hallingskarvet). From this an idea of a proximal space—smaller than the world but wider than the body—is connected to the come-and-go between studio-work and fieldwork. In this setting, three art works are compared in terms of how they differently combine field- and studio-work: William Kentridge, Geir Harald Samuelsen, Dragoş Gheorghiu. It is suggested that the vectorial sum of field- and studio-work are organised according to 3 material tropes (Karen Barad): entanglement, superposition and intra-action. From this it is further anticipated that complex phenomena will be composite in terms of these 3 tropes. Providing a ground work for understanding current critical turns. The two chief conversation partners are here Bruno Latour’s titles: Down to Earth (2018) and After lockdown (2021). The idea of the long-tail model above came from there. The essay (attached) was written in preparation to the seminar Tracing Rhythm to reach a ground zero from where the images could be at the forefront. The result was a hiccup: that is, it produced a phenomenological equivalent—or, the event—of Shannon’s definition of information as entropy. On account of the multiplication of images perceived owing to the many instrumental shifts in the production of a photogravure, the techniques becomes an experimental laboratory to explore image collapse into object perception. The Kahina lineup attempts to transpose the production of this transition into an exhibition space, in making the image to object perception available to the viewer in the form of a debatable proposition. However, the photogravure process also features an artistic proposition (exposition) as an active model of similar types of problem (outlined above): notably types of processes where object perception is indeterminately anticipated and proposed. Calling on a hammerbolt, or featuring a counter-beat. As an entry/exit device in working with diary materials—as is the case in the National Library residency in which the project is currently hatching—photgravure has a similar function as the wind-rose on maps. One that steers towards the hatching of an object. Most probably a book. The hosting PKU project—Matter Gesture and Soul—is one of the unique arenas where academic pursuits and research can combine with workshop premises of the art field. Matter Gesture and Soul (DIKU/KMD)

Bi-directional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) is the state-of-the-art deep learning model for pre-training natural language processing (NLP) tasks such as sentiment analysis. The BERT model dynamically generates word representations according to the context and semantics using its bi-directional and attention mechanism features. The model, although, improves precision on NLP tasks, is compute-intensive and time-consuming to deploy on mobile or smaller platforms. In this thesis, to address this issue, we use knowledge distillation (KD), a "teacher-student" training technique, to compress the model. We use the BERT model as the "teacher" model to transfer knowledge to student models, ``first-generation'' convolution neural networks, and long-short term memory with attention mechanism (LSTM-atten). We conduct various experiments on sentiment analysis benchmark data sets and show that the “student models” through knowledge distillation have better performance with 70% improvement in accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score compared to models without KD. We also investigate the convergence rate of student models and compare the results to the existing models in the literature. Finally, we show that compared to the full-size BERT model, our RNN series models are 50 times smaller in size and retain approximately 96% performance on benchmark data sets.

Residue analysis is an established area of expertise focused on detecting traces of substances found on the surface of objects. It is routinely employed in forensic casework and increasingly incorporated into archaeological investigations.In archaeology, sampling and data interpretation sometimes lacked strict standards, resulting in incorrect residue classifications. In particular, molecular signals of salts of fatty acids identified by FTIR have been, at times, interpreted as evidence for adipocere, a substance formed as a consequence of adipose tissues' degradation.This article reviews and discusses the possibilities and limitations of the analytical protocols used in residue analysis in archaeology. The focus is on three main points: (1) reviewing the decomposition processes and the chemical components of adipocere; (2) highlighting potential misidentifications of adipocere while, at the same time, addressing issues related to residue preservation and contamination; and (3) proposing new research avenues to identify adipocere on archaeological objects.(c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

review of Marilena Alivizatou, Intangible Heritage and Participation. Encounters with Safeguarding Practices

At the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, we have set out to explore the strengths and limitations of replication studies in the humanities in practice. We are doing so by replicating two original studies: one in the field of art history, the other in the field of history of science and religion. In this blog, we outline the design, purposes, and aims of these projects and explore some of the challenges.

The main objective of the Belspo-funded LIMAMAL project was to support archaeologists in creating 3D terrain visualizations based on Lidar data and Pléiades stereoscopic imagery, and a combination or “fusion” thereof. A case study was developed to demonstrate the application of Pléiades imagery and light detection and ranging (lidar) technologies for prospection and visualization of the Mesoamerican archaeological landscape. Based on this case study, guidelines in English and Spanish have been developed to explain the technical processing. The project involved a stakeholder: the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH), a Mexican federal government institution responsible for research, conservation, protection and spreading of knowledge on Mexican cultural heritage. The case study and guidelines were presented to the stakeholder and other interested parties during several meetings held during a short mission to Yucatan, Mexico in the spring of 2022.