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These are the supplementary datasets for the manuscript: Drury, A.J., Liebrand, D., Westerhold, T., Beddow, H., Hodell, D., Rohlfs, N., Wilkens, R.H., Lourens, L., 'History of South Atlantic carbonate deposition since the Oligocene (30-0 Ma)', in final preparation for submission Climate of the Past

Astronomical tuning of sediment sequences requires both unambiguous cycle-pattern recognition in climate proxy records and astronomical solutions, and independent information about the phase relationship between these two. Here we present two different astronomically tuned age models for the Oligocene-Miocene Transition (OMT) from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1334 (equatorial Pacific Ocean) to assess the effect tuning has on astronomically calibrated ages and the geologic time scale. These alternative age models (from ~22 to ~24 Ma) are based on different tunings between proxy records and eccentricity: the first age model is based on an aligning CaCO3 weight (wt%) to Earth's orbital eccentricity, the second age model is based on a direct age calibration of benthic foraminiferal stable carbon isotope ratios (d13C) to eccentricity. To independently test which tuned age model and associated tuning assumptions is in best agreement with independent ages based on tectonic plate-pair spreading rates, we assign our tuned ages to the magnetostratigraphic reversals identified in deep-marine magnetic anomaly profiles. Subsequently, we compute tectonic plate-pair spreading rates based on the tuned ages. The resultant, alternative spreading rate histories indicate that the CaCO3 tuned age model is most consistent with a conservative assumption of constant, or linearly changing, spreading rates. The CaCO3 tuned age model thus provides robust ages and durations for polarity chrons C6Bn.1n-C6Cn.1r, which are not based on astronomical tuning in the latest iteration of the Geologic Time Scale. Furthermore, it provides independent evidence that the relatively large (several 10,000 years) time lags documented in the benthic foraminiferal isotope records relative to orbital eccentricity, constitute a real feature of the Oligocene-Miocene climate system and carbon cycle. The age constraints from Site U1334 thus provide independent evidence that the delayed responses of the Oligocene-Miocene climate-cryosphere system and carbon cycle resulted from highly nonlinear feedbacks to astronomical forcing. Supplement to: Beddow, Helen M; Liebrand, Diederik; Wilson, Douglas S; Hilgen, Frederik J; Sluijs, Appy; Wade, Bridget S; Lourens, Lucas Joost (2018): Astronomical tunings of the Oligocene-Miocene transition from Pacific Ocean Site U1334 and implications for the carbon cycle. Climate of the Past, 14(3), 255-270

Pelagic sediments from the subtropical South Atlantic Ocean contain geographically extensive Oligocene ooze and chalk layers that consist almost entirely of the calcareous nannofossil Braarudosphaera. Poor recovery and the lack of precise dating of these horizons in previous studies has limited our understanding of the exact number of acmes, their timing and durations, and the causes of their recurrence. Here we present a high-resolution, astronomically tuned stratigraphy of Braarudosphaera oozes (29.5-27.9 Ma) from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1264 in the subtropical southeastern Atlantic Ocean. We identify seven acme events in the Braarudosphaera abundance record. The longest lasting acme event corresponds to a strong minimum in the ~2.4-My eccentricity cycle, and four acme events coincide with ~110-ky and 405-ky eccentricity maxima. We propose that eccentricity-modulated precession forcing of the freshwater budget of the South Atlantic Ocean resulted in the episodic formation of a shallow pycnocline and hyperstratification of the upper water column. We speculate that stratified surface water conditions may have served as a virtual sea floor, which facilitated the widespread Braarudosphaera acmes. This explanation reconciles the contrasting distribution patterns of Braarudosphaera in the modern ocean, limited largely to shallow water coastal settings, compared to their relatively brief and expanded oceanic distribution in the past. Supplement to: Liebrand, Diederik; Raffi, Isabella; Fraguas, Ángela; Laxenaire, Rémi; Bosmans, Joyce H C; Hilgen, Frederik J; Wilson, Paul A; Batenburg, Sietske J; Beddow, Helen M; Bohaty, Steven M; Bown, Paul R; Crocker, Anya J; Huck, Claire E; Lourens, Lucas Joost; Sabia, Luciana (2018): Orbitally Forced Hyperstratification of the Oligocene South Atlantic Ocean. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 33(5), 511-529

Abstract: Not Available Category: geoscientificInformation Source: Not Available Supplemental Information: The site is recent fill on the eastern bank of the lake near Myaungyogyi village. The core was excavated with a bucket auger through recent fill. Once the floating island (Chum yo) was penetrated, a D section auger was used to collect the soft lake sediment, commencing approx 150 cm below present water level. Coverage: EVENT LABEL: (Golden Island) * LATITUDE: 20.518830 * LONGITUDE: 96.924670 * Lake water depth: 1.5 m * LOCATION: Lake Inle, Shan State, Myanmar * METHOD/DEVICE: Auger

Abstract: Not Available Category: geoscientificInformation Source: Not Available Supplemental Information: This site is at the toe of a large fan on the south west of the lake, about 200 m into the marginal swamp from the current lake margin. The section was obtained from the edge of a house platform in 60 cm of water. Coverage: EVENT LABEL: (Zayatki Village) * LATITUDE: 20.486670 * LONGITUDE: 96.907170 * Lake water depth: 0.6 m * LOCATION: Lake Inle, Shan State, Myanmar

Antarctic ice sheet and Southern Ocean paleoceanographic configurations during the late Oligocene are not well resolved. They are however important to understand the influence of high-latitude Southern Hemisphere feedbacks on global climate under CO2 scenarios (between 400 and 750 ppm) projected by the IPCC for this century, assuming unabated CO2 emissions. Sediments recovered by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) at Site U1356, offshore of the Wilkes Land margin in East Antarctica, provide an opportunity to study ice sheet and paleoceanographic configurations during the late Oligocene (26-25 Ma). Our study, based on a combination of sediment facies analysis, magnetic susceptibility, density, and X-Ray Fluorescence geochemical data, shows that glacial and interglacial sediments are continuously reworked by bottom-currents, with maximum velocities occurring during the interglacial periods. Glacial sediments record poorly ventilated, low-oxygenation bottom water conditions, interpreted to result from a northward shift of westerly winds and surface oceanic fronts. Interglacial sediments record more oxygenated and ventilated bottom water conditions and strong current velocities, which suggests enhanced mixing of the water masses as a result of a southward shift of the Polar Front. Intervals with preserved carbonated nannofossils within some of the interglacial facies are interpreted to form under warmer paleoclimatic conditions when less corrosive warmer northern component water (e.g. North Atlantic sourced deep water) had a greater influence on the Site. Spectral analysis on the late Oligocene sediment interval show that the glacial-interglacial cyclicity and related displacements of the Southern Ocean frontal systems between 26-25 Ma were forced mainly by obliquity. The paucity of iceberg rafted debris (IRD) throughout the studied interval contrasts with earlier Oligocene and post-Miocene Climate Optimum sections from Site U1356 and with late Oligocene strata from the Ross Sea, which contain IRD and evidence for coastal glaciers and sea ice. These observations, supported by elevated sea surface paleotemperatures, the absence of sea-ice, and reconstructions of fossil pollen between 26 and 25 Ma at Site U1356, suggest that open ocean water conditions prevailed. Combined, these evidences suggest that glaciers or ice caps likely occupied the topographic highs and lowlands of the now marine Wilkes Subglacial Basin (WSB). Unlike today, the continental shelf was not over-deepened and thus ice sheets in the WSB were likely land-based and marine-based ice sheet expansion was likely limited to coastal regions. Supplement to: Salabarnada, Ariadna; Escutia, Carlota; Röhl, Ursula; Nelson, C Hans; McKay, Robert M; Jiménez-Espejo, Francisco Jose; Bijl, Peter K; Hartman, Julian D; Strother, Stephanie L; Salzmann, Ulrich; Evangelinos, Dimitris; López-Quirós, Adrián; Flores, José Abel; Sangiorgi, Francesca; Ikehara, Minoru; Brinkhuis, Henk (2018): Paleoceanography and ice sheet variability offshore Wilkes Land, Antarctica – Part 1: Insights from late Oligocene astronomically paced contourite sedimentation. Climate of the Past, 14(7), 991-1014

To quantitatively reconstruct the kinematic evolution of Central and Eastern Anatolia within the framework of Neotethyan subduction accommodating Africa-Eurasia convergence, we paleomagnetically assess timing and amount of vertical axis rotations across the Ulukisla and Sivas regions. We show paleomagnetic results from ~30 localities identifying a coherent rotation of a block - comprising the southern Kirsehir Block, the Ulukisla basin, the Central and Eastern Taurides, and the southern part of the Sivas basin. This block experienced a ~30° counter-clockwise vertical axis rotation since Oligocene time. Sediments in the northern Sivas region show clockwise rotations. We use the rotation patterns together with known fault zones to argue that the counter-clockwise rotating domain of south-central Turkey was bounded by the Savcili Thrust Zone and Deliler-Tecer Fault Zone in the north and by the African-Arabian trench in the south, the western boundary of which is poorly constrained and requires future study. Our new paleomagnetic constraints provide a key ingredient for future kinematic restorations of the Anatolian tectonic collage. We combine our extensive new dataset with existing data (Guerer et al., 2018, and references therein) to identify the dimension of rotating domains in Central and Eastern Anatolia, and identify structures that may have accommodated these rotations. Paleomagnetic interpretations and statistical analyses were carried out using the platform independent portal Paleomagnetism.org (Koymans et al., 2016). Supplement to: Gürer, Derya; van Hinsbergen, Douwe J J; Özkaptan, Murat; Creton, Iverna; Koymans, Mathijs R; Cascella, Antonio; Langereis, Cornelis G (2018): Paleomagnetic constraints on the timing and distribution of Cenozoic rotations in Central and Eastern Anatolia. Solid Earth, 9(2), 295-322

Supplement to: Bijl, Peter K; Houben, Alexander J P; Hartman, Julian D; Pross, Jörg; Salabarnada, Ariadna; Escutia, Carlota; Sangiorgi, Francesca (2018): Paleoceanography and ice sheet variability offshore Wilkes Land, Antarctica – Part 2: Insights from Oligocene–Miocene dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. Climate of the Past, 14(7), 1015-1033 Palynological counts from IODP Leg 318 Hole U1356A, Cores 95R-11R, and the lithological facies as observed in Salabarnada et al., CP 2018. Reworked dinocysts (as by Bijl et al., JM 2018), in situ dioncysts, acritarchs and terrestrial palynomorphs, as well as dinocyst ecogroups.