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  • Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage
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  • Authors: Perdoncin, Anton;

    International audience

    HAL Descartesarrow_drop_down
    HAL Descartes
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: HAL Descartes
    Histoire & Mesure
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      HAL Descartesarrow_drop_down
      HAL Descartes
      Article . 2022
      Data sources: HAL Descartes
      Histoire & Mesure
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: AYGÜN, Ekaterina;

    In lieu of an abstract:The Revolution of 1917 and the ruthless civil war that followed forced many subjects of the former Russian Empire to flee. Russian-speaking refugees from different parts of the empire rushed to board the often overcrowded and sometimes scarcely seaworthy steamers that could take them from the empire’s southern ports to Istanbul. By the beginning of 1921, refugees from the former Russian Empire were almost everywhere in the city (fig. 1). It is not surprising that with such a large number of new settlers, many periodicals and other publications in the Russian language began to appear.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Derg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    YILLIK: Annual of Istanbul Studies
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Sygma; Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM Derg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      YILLIK: Annual of Istanbul Studies
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Sygma; Crossref
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  • Authors: Kollai, István;
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  • Authors: Pauline Piraud-Fournet;

    From the fourth century CE, Christians were encouraged to redeem their faults by caring for the poor. The most striking manifestation of this phenomenon was the building by the Church of more or less specialised hospices throughout the Early Byzantine Empire (4th to 7th century CE) to accommodate those who depended on charity for their survival. These establishments are mentioned by ancient texts and lapidary inscriptions. About nine such facilities, ptocheion for the needy, xenodocheion for foreigners and travelers, diakonia where food was distributed and other types of charitable hospices can be listed in the ancient province of Arabia (Southern Syria, Northern Jordan). The available data, whether textual or archaeological since some remains are observable on the field, are presented in this paper and compared to those collected elsewhere in the Near East. International audience

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Evaristo C. Martínez-Radío Garrido;

    En 1762 Manila cae por sorpresa en manos británicas. A partir de ese momento comenzará una tenaz resistencia al invasor en un contexto de improvisada guerra irregular que incluyó nativos filipinos y religiosos. Tal confrontación dio pie a diferentes comportamientos respecto a los varios tipos de cautivos involucrados.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Gladiusarrow_drop_down
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    Gladius
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Gladius
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Gladius
      Article . 2022
      Data sources: DOAJ
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      Gladius
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Naïli, Falestin; Napolitano, Valentina; Piraud-Fournet, Pauline;

    Abstract Different forms of charity, relief and humanitarian action can be jointly approached as a means of governance and social regulation. More precisely, in the Middle East the question of stability – social and political – can be considered as a central driver for local and international actors alike. This study adopts a broad historical framework, reaching from antiquity to the present day, with the aim of approaching the subject with an openness conducive to understanding the evolution of the actors, modes of action and representations underlying aid initiatives. The longue durée approach allows to show two main specificities of the modern and contemporary Middle East: firstly, the evolution of aid practices is directly linked to human mobility, since they are connected to religious practices, commerce or violence, which led to the need to take a census, to categorise and sometimes isolate populations in order to govern and control them. Secondly, in the absence of the welfare state as the most important provider of aid, the state has until today in the Middle East much less prominence among the multiplicity of aid providers, such as the family, non-governmental, religious and community organisations.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ edocarrow_drop_down
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    edoc
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: edoc
    Endowment Studies
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.5451/unibas...
    Other literature type . 2022
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ edocarrow_drop_down
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      edoc
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: edoc
      Endowment Studies
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      https://doi.org/10.5451/unibas...
      Other literature type . 2022
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ana B. Marín-Arroyo;

    RESUMEN: El clima se ha propuesto como uno de los posibles factores desencadenantes de la extinción de los Neandertales. Las oscilaciones rápidas y abruptas, registradas en diferentes registros climáticos del hemisferio norte, empujaron los ecosistemas hacia resultados catastróficos durante el Estadio Isotópico 3 (MIS3). En estas condiciones, la supervivencia de una especie dependió, fundamentalmente, de sus habilidades de adaptación. Comprender el rol que esos episodios tuvieron en la subsistencia de las ultimas poblaciones neandertales, pero también en la de los Humanos Anatómicamente Modernos en el continente europeo durante la transición del Paleolítico Medio al Superior es, por lo tanto, esencial. El proyecto SUBSILIENCE, financiado por el European Research Council (ERC), aborda esta cuestión mediante la evaluación de la flexibilidad del comportamiento y la resiliencia de ambas especies humanas analizando tanto su dieta como los diferentes patrones de subsistencia adoptados. A la vez, con base en los mismos elementos de su dieta, se centra en reconstruir las condiciones climáticas y ambientales a nivel local y regional. A partir del análisis de los materiales arqueozoológicos de más de 20 yacimientos localizados en las penínsulas del sur de Europa, este proyecto permitirá obtener respuestas sobre qué patrones de subsistencia particulares (si es que los hubo) favorecieron a nuestra especie en condiciones medioambientales tan cambiantes y a su vez, en qué grado las oscilaciones climáticas afectaron en la desaparición final de los Neandertales. La metodología, resultados y conclusiones de este proyecto serán relevantes para el estudio de la Prehistoria a escala paneuropea. ABSTRACT: Climate has long been proposed as a possible trigger factor for the extinction of Neanderthals. Abrupt and acute oscillations of climate, as recorded from different climatic proxies such as Greenland polar ice sheets, are particularly threatening as they can push ecosystems towards catastroph¬ic outcomes. Under these conditions, the survival of a species critically depends on their adaptive skills. Understanding the exact role that these episodes could have had on both Nean¬derthals and Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition is, therefore, es¬sential. SUBSILIENCE, a funded ERC project, is address¬ing this problem by assessing the behavioural flexibility and resilience of both human species based on their subsistence strategies, together with a newly obtained accurate climatic and environmental reconstruction across southern European peninsulas during MIS3. This novel approach will offer pre¬cise answers to questions concerning a) which particular subsistence patterns (if any) favoured AMH while coping with the changing environments and b) the extent to which climatic oscillations affected Neanderthal extinction. This it will be of relevance to the study of Prehistory on a pan- European scale. Esta investigación está financiada por la Consejo Europeo de Investigación, bajo el Programa Horizonte 2020 en Investigación e Innovación de la Unión Europea (convenio de subvención núm. 818299, Proyecto SUBSILIENCE https://www.subsilience.eu).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Trabajos de Prehisto...arrow_drop_down
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    Trabajos de Prehistoria
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    Trabajos de Prehistoria
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Trabajos de Prehisto...arrow_drop_down
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      Trabajos de Prehistoria
      Article . 2022
      Data sources: DOAJ
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      Trabajos de Prehistoria
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Authors: Vineet K, Raghu; Anika S, Walia; Aniket N, Zinzuwadia; Reece J, Goiffon; +4 Authors

    ImportanceLung cancer screening with chest computed tomography (CT) prevents lung cancer death; however, fewer than 5% of eligible Americans are screened. CXR-LC, an open-source deep learning tool that estimates lung cancer risk from existing chest radiograph images and commonly available electronic medical record (EMR) data, may enable automated identification of high-risk patients as a step toward improving lung cancer screening participation.ObjectiveTo validate CXR-LC using EMR data to identify individuals at high-risk for lung cancer to complement 2022 US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) lung cancer screening eligibility guidelines.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prognostic study compared CXR-LC estimates with CMS screening guidelines using patient data from a large US hospital system. Included participants were persons who currently or formerly smoked cigarettes with an outpatient posterior-anterior chest radiograph between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014, with no history of lung cancer or screening CT. Data analysis was performed between May 2021 and June 2022.ExposuresCXR-LC lung cancer screening eligibility (previously defined as having a 3.297% or greater 12-year risk) based on inputs (chest radiograph image, age, sex, and whether currently smoking) extracted from the EMR.Main Outcomes and Measures6-year incident lung cancer.ResultsA total of 14 737 persons were included in the study population (mean [SD] age, 62.6 [6.8] years; 7154 [48.5%] male; 204 [1.4%] Asian, 1051 [7.3%] Black, 432 [2.9%] Hispanic, 12 330 [85.2%] White) with a 2.4% rate of incident lung cancer over 6 years (361 patients with cancer). CMS eligibility could be determined in 6277 patients (42.6%) using smoking pack-year and quit-date from the EMR. Patients eligible by both CXR-LC and 2022 CMS criteria had a high rate of lung cancer (83 of 974 patients [8.5%]), higher than those eligible by 2022 CMS criteria alone (5 of 177 patients [2.8%]; P < .001). Patients eligible by CXR-LC but not 2022 CMS criteria also had a high 6-year incidence of lung cancer (121 of 3703 [3.3%]). In the 8460 cases (57.4%) where CMS eligibility was unknown, CXR-LC eligible patients had a 5-fold higher rate of lung cancer than ineligible (127 of 5177 [2.5%] vs 18 of 2283 [0.5%]; P < .001). Similar results were found in subgroups, including female patients and Black persons.Conclusions and RelevanceUsing routine chest radiographs and other data automatically extracted from the EMR, CXR-LC identified high-risk individuals who may benefit from lung cancer screening CT.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ JAMA Network Openarrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ JAMA Network Openarrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Vanessa Villalba-Mouco; Camila Oliart; Cristina Rihuete-Herrada; Adam B. Rohrlach; +12 Authors

    The Early Bronze Age in Europe is characterized by social and genetic transformations, starting in the early 3rd millennium BCE. New settlement and funerary structures, artifacts and techniques indicate times of change with increasing economic asymmetries and political hierarchization. Technological advances in metallurgy also played an important role, facilitating trade and exchange networks, which became tangible in higher levels of mobility and connectedness. Archeogenetic studies have revealed a substantial transformation of the genetic ancestry around this time, ultimately linked to the expansion of steppe- and forest steppe pastoralists from Eastern Europe. Evidence for emerging infectious diseases such as Yersinia pestis adds further complexity to these tumultuous and transformative times. The El Argar complex in southern Iberia marks the genetic turnover in southwestern Europe ~ 2200 BCE that accompanies profound changes in the socio-economic structure of the region. To answer the question of who was buried in the emblematic double burials of the El Argar site La Almoloya, we integrated results from biological relatedness analyses and archaeological funerary contexts and refined radiocarbon-based chronologies from 68 individuals. We find that the El Argar society was virilocally and patrilineally organized and practiced reciprocal female exogamy, supported by pedigrees that extend up to five generations along the paternal line. Synchronously dated adult males and females from double tombs were found to be unrelated mating partners, whereby the incoming females reflect socio-political alliances among El Argar groups. In three cases these unions had common offspring, while paternal half-siblings also indicate serial monogamy or polygyny. This study was supported by the Max Planck Society and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program Grant 771234-PALEoRIDER (to W.H.), European Union-NextGenerationEU, Ministry of Universities and Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan, Margarita Salas from University of Zaragoza (to V.V.-M.) and María Zambrano from Autonomous University of Barcelona (to M.V.), Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness projects HAR2017-85962-P and PID2020-112909GB-I00 (to C.O., C.R.-H., E.C.B., V.L., R.M., and R.R.); AGAUR-Ajuts per a Grups de Recerca de Qualitat 2017SGR1044 (to C.O., C.R.-H., E.C.B., M.V., V.L., R.M., and R.R.); and ICREA Academia program (to R.R.). I.O. is supported by the grant "Ayudas para contratos Ramón y Cajal" funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ESF Investing in your future". Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

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      Scientific Reports
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    Authors: Mallioris, Panagiotis; Teunis, Gijs; Lagerweij, Giske; Joosten, Philip; +5 Authors

    Broiler chickens are among the main livestock sectors worldwide. With individual treatments being inapplicable, contrary to many other animal species, the need for antimicrobial use (AMU) is relatively high. AMU in animals is known to drive the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). High farm biosecurity is a cornerstone for animal health and welfare, as well as food safety, as it protects animals from the introduction and spread of pathogens and therefore the need for AMU. The goal of this study was to identify the main biosecurity practices associated with AMU in broiler farms and to develop a statistical model that produces customised recommendations as to which biosecurity measures could be implemented on a farm to reduce its AMU, including a cost-effectiveness analysis of the recommended measures. AMU and biosecurity data were obtained cross-sectionally in 2014 from 181 broiler farms across nine European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain). Using mixed-effects random forest analysis (Mix-RF), recursive feature elimination was implemented to determine the biosecurity measures that best predicted AMU at the farm level. Subsequently, an algorithm was developed to generate AMU reduction scenarios based on the implementation of these measures. In the final Mix-RF model, 21 factors were present: 10 about internal biosecurity, 8 about external biosecurity and 3 about farm size and productivity, with the latter showing the largest (Gini) importance. Other AMU predictors, in order of importance, were the number of depopulation steps, compliance with a vaccination protocol for non-officially controlled diseases, and requiring visitors to check in before entering the farm. K -means clustering on the proximity matrix of the final Mix-RF model revealed that several measures interacted with each other, indicating that high AMU levels can arise for various reasons depending on the situation. The algorithm utilised the AMU predictive power of biosecurity measures while accounting also for their interactions, representing a first step toward aiding the decision-making process of veterinarians and farmers who are in need of implementing on-farm biosecurity measures to reduce their AMU. Members of the EFFORT consortiumH. Graveland (UUVM), H. Schmitt (UUVM), D. Mevius (WBVR), A. van Essen (WBVR), B. Gonzalez-Zorn (UCM), G. Moyano (UCM), P. Sanders (ANSES), C. Chauvin (ANSES), J. David (ANSES), A. Battisti (IZSLT), A. Caprioli (IZSLT), T. Blaha (TIHO), K. Wadepohl (TIHO), M. Brandt (TIHO), F. Aarestrup (DTU), T. Hald (DTU), S. Duarte (DTU), D. Wasyl (NVRI), D. Krasucka (NVRI), B. Biernacki (NVRI), J. Szumilo (NVRI), H. Daskalov (NDRVI), H. Saatkamp (BEC) and K. Stärk (SAFOSO). International audience

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    Epidemiology and Infection
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  • Authors: Perdoncin, Anton;

    International audience

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    Histoire & Mesure
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    Authors: AYGÜN, Ekaterina;

    In lieu of an abstract:The Revolution of 1917 and the ruthless civil war that followed forced many subjects of the former Russian Empire to flee. Russian-speaking refugees from different parts of the empire rushed to board the often overcrowded and sometimes scarcely seaworthy steamers that could take them from the empire’s southern ports to Istanbul. By the beginning of 1921, refugees from the former Russian Empire were almost everywhere in the city (fig. 1). It is not surprising that with such a large number of new settlers, many periodicals and other publications in the Russian language began to appear.

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    YILLIK: Annual of Istanbul Studies
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      YILLIK: Annual of Istanbul Studies
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  • Authors: Kollai, István;
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  • Authors: Pauline Piraud-Fournet;

    From the fourth century CE, Christians were encouraged to redeem their faults by caring for the poor. The most striking manifestation of this phenomenon was the building by the Church of more or less specialised hospices throughout the Early Byzantine Empire (4th to 7th century CE) to accommodate those who depended on charity for their survival. These establishments are mentioned by ancient texts and lapidary inscriptions. About nine such facilities, ptocheion for the needy, xenodocheion for foreigners and travelers, diakonia where food was distributed and other types of charitable hospices can be listed in the ancient province of Arabia (Southern Syria, Northern Jordan). The available data, whether textual or archaeological since some remains are observable on the field, are presented in this paper and compared to those collected elsewhere in the Near East. International audience

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    Authors: Evaristo C. Martínez-Radío Garrido;

    En 1762 Manila cae por sorpresa en manos británicas. A partir de ese momento comenzará una tenaz resistencia al invasor en un contexto de improvisada guerra irregular que incluyó nativos filipinos y religiosos. Tal confrontación dio pie a diferentes comportamientos respecto a los varios tipos de cautivos involucrados.

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    Gladius
    Article . 2022
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    Gladius
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Gladius
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      Gladius
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    Authors: Naïli, Falestin; Napolitano, Valentina; Piraud-Fournet, Pauline;

    Abstract Different forms of charity, relief and humanitarian action can be jointly approached as a means of governance and social regulation. More precisely, in the Middle East the question of stability – social and political – can be considered as a central driver for local and international actors alike. This study adopts a broad historical framework, reaching from antiquity to the present day, with the aim of approaching the subject with an openness conducive to understanding the evolution of the actors, modes of action and representations underlying aid initiatives. The longue durée approach allows to show two main specificities of the modern and contemporary Middle East: firstly, the evolution of aid practices is directly linked to human mobility, since they are connected to religious practices, commerce or violence, which led to the need to take a census, to categorise and sometimes isolate populations in order to govern and control them. Secondly, in the absence of the welfare state as the most important provider of aid, the state has until today in the Middle East much less prominence among the multiplicity of aid providers, such as the family, non-governmental, religious and community organisations.

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    edoc
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    Endowment Studies
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    https://doi.org/10.5451/unibas...
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      https://doi.org/10.5451/unibas...
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    Authors: Ana B. Marín-Arroyo;

    RESUMEN: El clima se ha propuesto como uno de los posibles factores desencadenantes de la extinción de los Neandertales. Las oscilaciones rápidas y abruptas, registradas en diferentes registros climáticos del hemisferio norte, empujaron los ecosistemas hacia resultados catastróficos durante el Estadio Isotópico 3 (MIS3). En estas condiciones, la supervivencia de una especie dependió, fundamentalmente, de sus habilidades de adaptación. Comprender el rol que esos episodios tuvieron en la subsistencia de las ultimas poblaciones neandertales, pero también en la de los Humanos Anatómicamente Modernos en el continente europeo durante la transición del Paleolítico Medio al Superior es, por lo tanto, esencial. El proyecto SUBSILIENCE, financiado por el European Research Council (ERC), aborda esta cuestión mediante la evaluación de la flexibilidad del comportamiento y la resiliencia de ambas especies humanas analizando tanto su dieta como los diferentes patrones de subsistencia adoptados. A la vez, con base en los mismos elementos de su dieta, se centra en reconstruir las condiciones climáticas y ambientales a nivel local y regional. A partir del análisis de los materiales arqueozoológicos de más de 20 yacimientos localizados en las penínsulas del sur de Europa, este proyecto permitirá obtener respuestas sobre qué patrones de subsistencia particulares (si es que los hubo) favorecieron a nuestra especie en condiciones medioambientales tan cambiantes y a su vez, en qué grado las oscilaciones climáticas afectaron en la desaparición final de los Neandertales. La metodología, resultados y conclusiones de este proyecto serán relevantes para el estudio de la Prehistoria a escala paneuropea. ABSTRACT: Climate has long been proposed as a possible trigger factor for the extinction of Neanderthals. Abrupt and acute oscillations of climate, as recorded from different climatic proxies such as Greenland polar ice sheets, are particularly threatening as they can push ecosystems towards catastroph¬ic outcomes. Under these conditions, the survival of a species critically depends on their adaptive skills. Understanding the exact role that these episodes could have had on both Nean¬derthals and Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition is, therefore, es¬sential. SUBSILIENCE, a funded ERC project, is address¬ing this problem by assessing the behavioural flexibility and resilience of both human species based on their subsistence strategies, together with a newly obtained accurate climatic and environmental reconstruction across southern European peninsulas during MIS3. This novel approach will offer pre¬cise answers to questions concerning a) which particular subsistence patterns (if any) favoured AMH while coping with the changing environments and b) the extent to which climatic oscillations affected Neanderthal extinction. This it will be of relevance to the study of Prehistory on a pan- European scale. Esta investigación está financiada por la Consejo Europeo de Investigación, bajo el Programa Horizonte 2020 en Investigación e Innovación de la Unión Europea (convenio de subvención núm. 818299, Proyecto SUBSILIENCE https://www.subsilience.eu).

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    Trabajos de Prehistoria
    Article . 2022
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    Trabajos de Prehistoria
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Trabajos de Prehistoria
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      Trabajos de Prehistoria
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    Authors: Vineet K, Raghu; Anika S, Walia; Aniket N, Zinzuwadia; Reece J, Goiffon; +4 Authors

    ImportanceLung cancer screening with chest computed tomography (CT) prevents lung cancer death; however, fewer than 5% of eligible Americans are screened. CXR-LC, an open-source deep learning tool that estimates lung cancer risk from existing chest radiograph images and commonly available electronic medical record (EMR) data, may enable automated identification of high-risk patients as a step toward improving lung cancer screening participation.ObjectiveTo validate CXR-LC using EMR data to identify individuals at high-risk for lung cancer to complement 2022 US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) lung cancer screening eligibility guidelines.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prognostic study compared CXR-LC estimates with CMS screening guidelines using patient data from a large US hospital system. Included participants were persons who currently or formerly smoked cigarettes with an outpatient posterior-anterior chest radiograph between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014, with no history of lung cancer or screening CT. Data analysis was performed between May 2021 and June 2022.ExposuresCXR-LC lung cancer screening eligibility (previously defined as having a 3.297% or greater 12-year risk) based on inputs (chest radiograph image, age, sex, and whether currently smoking) extracted from the EMR.Main Outcomes and Measures6-year incident lung cancer.ResultsA total of 14 737 persons were included in the study population (mean [SD] age, 62.6 [6.8] years; 7154 [48.5%] male; 204 [1.4%] Asian, 1051 [7.3%] Black, 432 [2.9%] Hispanic, 12 330 [85.2%] White) with a 2.4% rate of incident lung cancer over 6 years (361 patients with cancer). CMS eligibility could be determined in 6277 patients (42.6%) using smoking pack-year and quit-date from the EMR. Patients eligible by both CXR-LC and 2022 CMS criteria had a high rate of lung cancer (83 of 974 patients [8.5%]), higher than those eligible by 2022 CMS criteria alone (5 of 177 patients [2.8%]; P < .001). Patients eligible by CXR-LC but not 2022 CMS criteria also had a high 6-year incidence of lung cancer (121 of 3703 [3.3%]). In the 8460 cases (57.4%) where CMS eligibility was unknown, CXR-LC eligible patients had a 5-fold higher rate of lung cancer than ineligible (127 of 5177 [2.5%] vs 18 of 2283 [0.5%]; P < .001). Similar results were found in subgroups, including female patients and Black persons.Conclusions and RelevanceUsing routine chest radiographs and other data automatically extracted from the EMR, CXR-LC identified high-risk individuals who may benefit from lung cancer screening CT.

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    Authors: Vanessa Villalba-Mouco; Camila Oliart; Cristina Rihuete-Herrada; Adam B. Rohrlach; +12 Authors

    The Early Bronze Age in Europe is characterized by social and genetic transformations, starting in the early 3rd millennium BCE. New settlement and funerary structures, artifacts and techniques indicate times of change with increasing economic asymmetries and political hierarchization. Technological advances in metallurgy also played an important role, facilitating trade and exchange networks, which became tangible in higher levels of mobility and connectedness. Archeogenetic studies have revealed a substantial transformation of the genetic ancestry around this time, ultimately linked to the expansion of steppe- and forest steppe pastoralists from Eastern Europe. Evidence for emerging infectious diseases such as Yersinia pestis adds further complexity to these tumultuous and transformative times. The El Argar complex in southern Iberia marks the genetic turnover in southwestern Europe ~ 2200 BCE that accompanies profound changes in the socio-economic structure of the region. To answer the question of who was buried in the emblematic double burials of the El Argar site La Almoloya, we integrated results from biological relatedness analyses and archaeological funerary contexts and refined radiocarbon-based chronologies from 68 individuals. We find that the El Argar society was virilocally and patrilineally organized and practiced reciprocal female exogamy, supported by pedigrees that extend up to five generations along the paternal line. Synchronously dated adult males and females from double tombs were found to be unrelated mating partners, whereby the incoming females reflect socio-political alliances among El Argar groups. In three cases these unions had common offspring, while paternal half-siblings also indicate serial monogamy or polygyny. This study was supported by the Max Planck Society and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program Grant 771234-PALEoRIDER (to W.H.), European Union-NextGenerationEU, Ministry of Universities and Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan, Margarita Salas from University of Zaragoza (to V.V.-M.) and María Zambrano from Autonomous University of Barcelona (to M.V.), Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness projects HAR2017-85962-P and PID2020-112909GB-I00 (to C.O., C.R.-H., E.C.B., V.L., R.M., and R.R.); AGAUR-Ajuts per a Grups de Recerca de Qualitat 2017SGR1044 (to C.O., C.R.-H., E.C.B., M.V., V.L., R.M., and R.R.); and ICREA Academia program (to R.R.). I.O. is supported by the grant "Ayudas para contratos Ramón y Cajal" funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ESF Investing in your future". Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

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    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2022
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    Scientific Reports
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    Scientific Reports
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      Scientific Reports
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      Scientific Reports
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    Authors: Mallioris, Panagiotis; Teunis, Gijs; Lagerweij, Giske; Joosten, Philip; +5 Authors

    Broiler chickens are among the main livestock sectors worldwide. With individual treatments being inapplicable, contrary to many other animal species, the need for antimicrobial use (AMU) is relatively high. AMU in animals is known to drive the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). High farm biosecurity is a cornerstone for animal health and welfare, as well as food safety, as it protects animals from the introduction and spread of pathogens and therefore the need for AMU. The goal of this study was to identify the main biosecurity practices associated with AMU in broiler farms and to develop a statistical model that produces customised recommendations as to which biosecurity measures could be implemented on a farm to reduce its AMU, including a cost-effectiveness analysis of the recommended measures. AMU and biosecurity data were obtained cross-sectionally in 2014 from 181 broiler farms across nine European countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and Spain). Using mixed-effects random forest analysis (Mix-RF), recursive feature elimination was implemented to determine the biosecurity measures that best predicted AMU at the farm level. Subsequently, an algorithm was developed to generate AMU reduction scenarios based on the implementation of these measures. In the final Mix-RF model, 21 factors were present: 10 about internal biosecurity, 8 about external biosecurity and 3 about farm size and productivity, with the latter showing the largest (Gini) importance. Other AMU predictors, in order of importance, were the number of depopulation steps, compliance with a vaccination protocol for non-officially controlled diseases, and requiring visitors to check in before entering the farm. K -means clustering on the proximity matrix of the final Mix-RF model revealed that several measures interacted with each other, indicating that high AMU levels can arise for various reasons depending on the situation. The algorithm utilised the AMU predictive power of biosecurity measures while accounting also for their interactions, representing a first step toward aiding the decision-making process of veterinarians and farmers who are in need of implementing on-farm biosecurity measures to reduce their AMU. Members of the EFFORT consortiumH. Graveland (UUVM), H. Schmitt (UUVM), D. Mevius (WBVR), A. van Essen (WBVR), B. Gonzalez-Zorn (UCM), G. Moyano (UCM), P. Sanders (ANSES), C. Chauvin (ANSES), J. David (ANSES), A. Battisti (IZSLT), A. Caprioli (IZSLT), T. Blaha (TIHO), K. Wadepohl (TIHO), M. Brandt (TIHO), F. Aarestrup (DTU), T. Hald (DTU), S. Duarte (DTU), D. Wasyl (NVRI), D. Krasucka (NVRI), B. Biernacki (NVRI), J. Szumilo (NVRI), H. Daskalov (NDRVI), H. Saatkamp (BEC) and K. Stärk (SAFOSO). International audience

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    NARCIS
    Article . 2023
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    Epidemiology and Infection
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Epidemiology and Infection
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