Not only ‘conventions principales’ or final peace treaties, but capitulations, provisional treaties and preliminary articles were important political instruments in early 18th century treaty practice. Using Vattel’s description of the process of negotiation and these va...

Book review fot the Annales

De primaire focus van dit proefschrift is het onderzoeken van de politieke ideeën van BG Tilak (1856-1920), de congres-extremistische leider van de Indiase nationalistische beweging en, in het proces, de politieke en intellectuele geschiedenis van Maharashtra en India t...

Gender is a key factor in shaping perceptions of environmental relationships, and moving toward sustainability requires that we rethink dominant ideas about both femininity and masculinity. Danish bilingual author Karen Blixen (1885–1962) wrote cryptic and convoluted s...

Abstract This article focuses on Chosŏn's informal diplomacy with the Qing dynasty that guided Chosŏn Korea's diplomatic engagement with Japan in the 1870s. The Chosŏn–Qing literary correspondence in Kang Wi's (姜瑋, 1820–1884) brush talk records has been viewed as histor...

This paper aims to study through a questionnaire survey the needs of learners of Chinese as a second language for learning traditional Chinese characters. To achieve the aim, analysis was conducted from various perspectives such as the learners’ background, Chinese pro...

This article assembles the evidence for the presence of Greek refugees in early modern Scotland. These refugees came in two distinct waves: one in the aftermath of the fall of Constantinople in 1453, and another in the seventeenth century. In both periods, inter-regiona...