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U disertaciji se obrađuje vremenski (avarodobno) i prostorno (međuriječje Bosuta, Vuke i Dunava) ograničena skupina nalaza i nalazišta. Prema dostupnim podatcima avarodobni nalazi s kojima raspolažemo u najvećoj mjeri vežu se uz razdoblje 8. stoljeća, međutim pojedini nalazi pripadaju i ranijem, ali kasnijem periodu, tako da apsolutni vremenski okvir možemo definirati od 650. do 850. godine. Prostor sagledan u disertaciji predstavlja sjeverni dio Vukovarsko-srijemske županije, omeđen rijekom Bosut na jugu, rijekom Vukom na zapadu i rijekom Dunav na sjeveru, te državnom granicom na istoku. Nalazišta će se sagledati do topografske razine u cilju dobivanja obrasca korištenja prostora; ti podatci predstavljat će osnovu za daljnja ciljana istraživanja lokaliteta ovog razdoblja, kao u navedenom prostoru, tako i šire, a napose u neposrednoj okolici. Pokretni nalazi iz grobova i naselja, kao i slučajni nalazi će se stilski, tipološki i kronološki klasificirati u odnosu na druge poznate i objavljene nalaze. Ovaj rad primjenom novih metodoloških pristupa problematici pruža presjek kulturoloških, gospodarskih i političkih promjena na definiranom prostoru južne granice avarske države. The dissertation deals with the time (Avar period) and spatial (interfluves of rivers Bosut, Vuka and Danube) limited group of finds and sites. According to available data Avar Period finds from this area are mostly associated with the period of the 8th century, however, some of them belonging an earlier or later stage, so that the absolute time frame can be defined from 650th to 850th. Space considered in the dissertation represents the northern part of Vukovar-Srijem County, bordered by the river Bosut in the south, Vuka river in the west and the River Danube in the north, and the state border in the east. The sites will be seen to topographic levels in order to obtain a form of using the space; these data will represent the basis for further targeted research of this period sites, as in the aforementioned area, and beyond, especially in the immediate vicinity. Small finds from the graves and settlements, as well as change finds will be stylish, typological and chronological classified compared to other known and published. This work by applying new methodological approach to the issue provides a cross-section of cultural, economic and political change on a defined area of the southern boundary of the Avar state.

This article looks at the militant publications of the former priest Jules Bosmans (1851-1928) in relation to the phenomenon of anti-Catholicism in Belgium at the beginning of the 20th century. Bosmans is a forgotten figure in the history of anticlericalism. An analysis of Bosmans’ texts is not only important to understand the radical ideas of this extravagant personality. His works also provide insights into the societal impact of the modernist crisis within the Church, the evolution of science and the tensions between Church and State. We first identify several phases in the life of this priest-historian who turned into a militant anticlerical after his laicisation. We then analyse the form, approach and content of Bosmans’ polemic works and situate them in a typology of various sorts of anticlericalism. The article also analyses the extent to which the main ideas that structured Bosmans’ attacks against the Church at the turn of the century were part of a wider anti-Catholic culture typical of Masonic andsecularist circles in France and Belgium. Finally, we examine the dissemination of Bosmans' writings, and thus of his ideas, via freethought associations, Masonic lodges and daily newspapers.

Dance is inseparable from society and civilization, so it becomes a universal language through which people communicate and express their thoughts and feelings. Dance represents an important component of human life as well as the development of the human community, and this is evidenced by the fact that dance has been present among people since ancient times. In each historical period in a different way, but it is present. Dance could most simply be defined as a person's means of relaxation and overcoming the barriers that hinder him in everyday communication with others. As it was created in the people, so it develops, changes, passes and acts. Dancing is one of the most suitable activities for children, on the one hand it is fun for children, and on the other hand it has numerous positive effects on children's motor and intellectual development. Through exercise and dance, the child satisfies all his needs. Folk dances are an important part of every country's culture. According to tradition, folk dances are passed down from generation to generation. As the customs of this modern era are disappearing, it is important to pass on the dance tradition to the youngest. Preschool age is a period of intensive development of children, so it is very good to start dance activities at that age, because the influence from early childhood greatly affects future development. The most important thing is to enable children to enjoy and satisfy their interests, wishes and needs. Each activity is carried out through play, allowing children to be spontaneous and natural. Ples je neodvojiv od društva i civilizacije pa tako postaje univerzalni jezik kojim ljudi komuniciraju i izražavaju svoje misli i osjećaje. Ples predstavlja važnu komponentu ljudskog života, kao i razvoja ljudske zajednice, a tome svjedoči i činjenica da je ples prisutan među ljudima od davnina, u svakom povijesnom razdoblju na drukčiji način, ali je prisutan. Ples bi se najjednostavnije mogao definirati kao čovjekovo sredstvo opuštanja i savladavanja barijera koje ga sputavaju u svakodnevnoj komunikaciji s drugima. Kako je nastao u narodu, tako se razvija, mijenja, prolazi i djeluje. Ples je jedna od najprikladnijih aktivnosti za djecu, s jedne je strane zabava za djecu, a, s druge strane, ima brojne pozitivne učinke na dječji cjelokupni razvoj. Vježbanjem i plesom dijete udovoljava svim svojim potrebama. Narodni plesovi važan su dio kulture svake zemlje. Prema tradiciji, narodni se plesovi prenose s koljena na koljeno. Kako običaji moderne ere nestaju, važno je plesnu tradiciju prenijeti na najmlađe. Predškolsko doba razdoblje je intenzivnog razvoja djece, pa je jako dobro započeti plesne aktivnosti u toj dobi jer utjecaj iz ranog djetinjstva uvelike utječe na budući razvoj. Najvažnije je omogućiti djeci uživanje i udovoljavanje njihovim interesima, željama i potrebama. Svaka aktivnost provodi se kroz igru omogućavajući djeci da budu spontana i prirodna.

Poslovna inteligencija je model, koji pravilnom primjenom različite prikupljene informacije u kombinaciji sa znanjem koristi kao jak alat u razvoju organizacijske inteligencije. Znanje je ključni faktor, do kojem dolazimo transformacijom podataka u informacije. Informacije vezane uz konkurente, kupce, tehnologiju, zakonsku regulativu i ostale elemente mogu uvelike pomoći pri strateškom usmjeravanju u budućnosti. Distribucijom prikupljenih i obrađenih informacija o konkurentima predstavlja početak poslovnog planiranja i odlučivanja u svrhu poboljšanja. Poslovna inteligencija u funkciji repozicioniranja događaja „Smotra i regata tradicijskih barki na jedra“ predstavlja bitan čimbenik u rastu i razvoju ovog događaja. Repozicioniranje se promatra kao poželjnu promjenu pozicije u svijesti ljudi, koja je već postojeća. Početna točka uspješnog budućeg odlučivanja je objektivna kvantitativna i kvalitativna analiza destinacije, te događaja u svrhu trenutnog pozicioniranja. Implementacijom poslovne inteligencije u inoviranje plana ovog događaja, moguće ga je bolje pozicionirati i stvoriti prepoznatljivi brend, odnosno poželjan imidž. Business intelligence is a model that is used as an effective tool in developing organizational intelligence by duly use of various information and knowledge. The most important factor is the information that provides answers to a number of questions. The information regarding competition, customers, technology, legislation and other elements can immensely help with the strategic direction into the future. The distribution of acquired and processed information about the competition represents the beginning of business decision making for the purpose of betterment. Business intelligence as a function of repositioning the event: ‘Review and regatta of traditional sailing boats’ represents an important factor in development and growth of the same event. The repositioning is seen as a desirable change in the already existing awareness of the people. The event can be positioned better and a recognizable brand can be created by implementing business intelligence in the innovation of the plan of the said event.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to provide insights into the most recent responses of sediments to climate change and their capability to sequester atmospheric carbon (C). Methods: Three sediment cores were collected, one from the western Black Sea, and two from the southern Adriatic Sea. Cores were extruded and sectioned into 1 cm or 0.5 cm intervals. Sections were frozen, weighed, freeze-dried, and then weighed again to obtain dry weights. Freeze-dried samples were dated by using lead 210 (210Pb) and cesium 137/ americium 241 (137Cs/241Am). Organic and inorganic C were determined by combustion. Particle size distribution was determined using a Beckman Coulter particle size analyzer (LS 13,320; Beckman Coulter Inc.). Mineralogical analyses were carried out by a Philips X’Pert powder diffractometer. Results: Sedimentation and organic and inorganic C accumulation rates increased with time in both the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea. The increase in accumulation rates continued after the global introduction in the early 1970s of controls on the release of phosphorus (P) into the environment and despite the reduced sediment yield of major rivers (Po and Danube). Therefore, the increased accumulation of organic and inorganic C in the sediments cannot be assigned only to nutrient availability. Instead, we suggest that the increase in organic C is the consequence of the increase in atmospheric C, which has made more carbon dioxide (CO2) available to phytoplankton, thus enabling more efficient photosynthesis. This process known as CO2 fertilization may increase the organic C accumulation in sediments. Simultaneously, the increase of sea temperatures decreases the calcite solubility resulting in increases of the inorganic C accumulation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that long-term, general increases in accumulation rates of organic and inorganic C in sediments are the consequence of increases in atmospheric C. This shows that coastal sediments play an important role in C uptake and thus in regulating the Earth’s climate.

Temeljni je zadatak ovoga rada prikazati razvoj piva kroz povijest, procese njegove proizvodnje te kulture drevnih naroda. Pivo, kao napitak, i sama proizvodnja istoga sežu u daleku povijest. Još u drevnom Egiptu pivo je bilo osnovna hrana te je, stoga, bilo važno u raznim aspektima života. Naime, jako se malo zna o drevnoj proizvodnji piva. Poznato je kako žitarice imaju ključnu ulogu kod proizvodnje piva i da se, nakon žetve, moraju pretvoriti u slatku tekućinu poznatu kao sladovina. Od žitarica, utvrđeno je da su se koristile pšenica (dvozrni pir) i ječam za kuhanje piva, no malo je dokaza kako bi se utvrdilo koja je imala prednost pri kuhanju piva. Tražene informacije o samom procesu sačuvane su u mikrostrukturi škrobnih granula jer je poznato da mijenjaju svoju strukturu ovisno o uvjetima u kojim se nalaze. Također, uz stanice kvasca, u arheološkim nalazima, pronađene su bakterije mliječne kiseline. Tijekom fermentacije kvasac koristi maltozu kao hranu, a proces fermentacije rezultirat će alkoholom, ako su ispunjena dva uvjeta: medij za fermentaciju mora biti i kiseo i anaeroban (bez kisika). Stoga, u ovome radu pobliže će se objasniti samo otkriće alkoholnog napitka, kao i sam proces proizvodnje piva u povijesti. The main task of this paper is to show the development of beer through the history, its process of the production and antient cultures. Beer as a beverage and the production of beer itself goes back to an ancient history. Even in ancient Egypt, beer was a staple food and very important in various aspects of life, but very little is known about the ancient beer production. Cereals played a key role in the production of beer, and after harvest, the cereals turn into a sweet liquid, known as wort. It was found that cereals that had been used were mostly emmer wheat and barley for brewing beer, but there are little evidence to determine which had an advantage for usage in brewing. The requested information about the process itself is saved in microstructure of starch granules because it is known that they change their structure depending on the conditions in which they are located. In archaeological finds, yeast cells, as well as lactic acid bacteria, were also located. During fermentation, yeast uses maltose for growth and the process of fermentation results in alcohol if two other conditions are met: a fermentation medium must be acidic and anaerobic (without oxygen). Therefore, this work will explain in more details about the discovery of alcoholic beverages and the process of beer production throughout the history.