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  • Authors: Charlotte van Coeverden; Wolfram Schultz;

    AbstractCoordination and cooperation are hallmarks of the behavior of social animals. Coordination requires common choices to obtain maximum benefit, whereas cooperation requires to forgo immediate selfish outcome for later common maximum benefit. A well validated economic game for investigating cooperation is Prisoner Dilemma (PD). Recent studies show that monkeys cooperate to a limited extent when playing an iterated PD. In our experiment, macaque monkeys made choices on a touchscreen to obtain juice reward whose amount depended on the choices of both animals. We designed four coordination games and two cooperation games (iterated PD) that differed only in a single payoff (the so-called temptation) while all other payoffs remained constant. The increasing temptation payoff resulted in performance that varied somewhat in the coordination game (probability of common choice between p = 0.55 and p = 0.70) but dropped in both cooperation games while nevertheless remaining significant (p = 0.28 to p = 0.68). The response time of the second player increased significantly when the first player chose the cooperative option across all games, suggesting reciprocation; further, the animals seemed to benefit from seeing the action of the other player, indicating that the choices incorporated a social component. Taken together, our results demonstrate good cooperation in the iterated PD by macaque monkeys after being primed with coordination games.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Borja del Pozo Cruz; Rosa M. Alfonso-Rosa; Rubén López-Bueno; Stuart J. Fairclough; +2 Authors

    Background: Evidence investigating associations between hospitalization and physical activity is scarce and limited to specific populations of older adults. Objective: The current study aimed to describe the impact of past hospitalization on current physical activity levels of a large representative sample of European older adults with accelerometry data. Methods: A representative sample of 856 European older adults aged 50 years and over was included in this study. Hospital admission and utilization (i.e., accumulated times and length of stay in hospital) in the last 12 months were self-reported retrospectively. Physical activity volume (mg) and distribution of intensity (intensity gradient) were assessed with thigh-worn accelerometers. Results: Multivariate linear regressions indicated that hospital admission (15% of the sample) was associated with reduced physical activity volume (-4.29 mg; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), -9.07 to 0.47) of participants. Each additional hospital admission was associated with lower volume (-2.29 mg; 95% CI, -4.65 to 0.06) and poorer distribution of intensity (-0.07; 95% CI, -0.11 to -0.04). Total length of stay was not associated with physical activity. Conclusions: This study suggests that hospital admission and the number of times admitted, but not accumulated length of stay, may curb physical activity levels of older adults. Public health strategies to promote successful aging should target post-hospitalization physical activity. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Gerontology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
    Gerontology
    Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
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      Gerontology
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      Gerontology
      Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Richter, Lukas; Heidinger, Theresa;

    Early in the pandemic, researchers were cautioning that COVID-19 and the associated health policy countermeasures would have an increased negative impact on groups that were already vulnerable before the pandemic. One of these groups are older people affected by poverty, who according to official figures make up 13.9% of older population in Austria. Even before the pandemic, their living situation was considered precarious. Not without reason, this group has been identified as a high-risk group of the pandemic, due to their increased likelihood of severe COVID-19 related illness and their limited monetary resources and thus lower chances of coping with the pandemic. Nevertheless, research on this group has remained sparse to date. Therefore, the aim of the study is to focus on older people (60+ years) below the poverty line and to compare them with non-poor individuals. Data from the SHARE (Survey of Health Aging and Retirement in Europe) project is used, combining data from the two SHARE Corona Surveys (summer 2020 and summer 2021) and the SHARE Corona Special Austria Survey (December 2020) to gain the most complete picture of life situation during the pandemic. Results demonstrate that older people in poverty were more likely to report poor subjective health before as well as during the pandemic yet were significantly more likely to refuse vaccination against COVID-19, despite adhering to other measures against the pandemic to the same extent as non-poor people. Restrictions in the health care system affected both groups equally and no significant differences in the frequency of social contacts could be found. However, older people below the poverty line were significantly more likely to rely on social support to obtain necessities during the pandemic and were less likely to use the internet. Together, these results point out that disadvantage exist for the older poor in some but not all areas of life during the pandemic. This paper is aimed at providing first insights into the lives of poor older persons during a taxing time and may perhaps inspire more in-depth study of this particularly understudied population.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Public ...arrow_drop_down
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    Frontiers in Public Health
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    Frontiers in Public Health
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Public ...arrow_drop_down
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      Frontiers in Public Health
      Article . 2022
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Frontiers in Public Health
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Alexandra, Flemming;

    Protective immunity relies on the interplay of innate and adaptive immune cells with complementary and redundant functions. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have recently emerged as tissue-resident, innate mirror images of the T cell system with which they share lineage-specifying transcription factors and effector machinery(1). Located at barrier surfaces, ILCs are among the first responders against invading pathogens and might thus determine the outcome of the immune response(2). However, it has been impossible until now to dissect the unique contributions of ILCs to protective immunity due to limitations in specifically targeting ILC subsets. Thus, all of the available data have either been generated in mice lacking the adaptive immune system or with tools that also affect other immune cell subsets. In addition, it was proposed that ILCs might be dispensable for a proper immune response because other immune cells could compensate for their absence(3–7). Here, we report the generation of a new mouse model based on the Nmurl promoter as a driver for simultaneous expression of Cre recombinase and green fluorescent protein (GFP), which allows gene targeting in ILC2s without affecting other innate and adaptive immune cells. By removing Id2 and Gata-3 using Cre-mediated gene deletion in Nmur1-expressing cells, we have generated mice with selective and specific deficiency in ILC2s. ILC2-deficient mice have decreased eosinophil counts in steady state and are unable to recruit eosinophils in the airways in models of allergic asthma. Further, ILC2-deficient mice fail to mount an appropriate immune and epithelial type 2 response resulting in a profound defect in worm expulsion and a non-protective type 3 immune response. In total, our data establish non-redundant functions for ILC2s in the presence of adaptive immune cells at steady state and during diseases and argue for a multilayered organization of the immune system based on a spatiotemporal division of labor.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2022
    Data sources: PubMed Central
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Nature Reviews Immunology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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      Europe PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2022
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Nature Reviews Immunology
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Weidi Sun; Ziyang Ren; Ziyang Ren; Ziyang Ren; +14 Authors

    AbstractImportanceAdverse childhood experiences are associated with higher depressive risks in adulthood. Whether respondents’ adverse childhood experiences are associated with their adulthood depressive symptoms and further contribute to spousal depressive symptoms was unexplored.ObjectiveTo assess the spousal concordance of adverse childhood experiences, the association of respondents’ adverse childhood experiences with spousal depressive symptoms and the mediating role of respondents’ depressive symptoms in this association.DesignThis cohort study was conducted based on data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Data were analyzed from June through July 2022.SettingThe study was based on three cohorts in China, the US, and Europe.ParticipantsCouples aged 50 years or older with complete data on ACEs and covariates.ExposuresAdverse childhood experiences.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Europe-depression scale were respectively applied in CHARLS, HRS, and SHARE to define depressive symptoms.ResultsCouples’ adverse childhood experiences were noticeably correlated in the three cohorts. Significant associations between husbands’ adverse childhood experiences and wives’ depressive symptoms in the three cohorts, with ORs and 95% CIs of 2.09 (1.36-3.22) for 4 or more adverse childhood experiences in CHARLS, and 1.25 (1.06-1.48) and 1.38 (1.06-1.79) for 2 or more adverse childhood experiences in HRS and SHARE. However, wives’ adverse childhood experiences were associated with husbands’ depressive symptoms in only CHARLS and SHARE. Findings in intra-familial and extra-familial adverse childhood experiences were consistent with our main results. Additionally, respondents’ depressive symptoms mediated more than 20% of the effect of respondents’ adverse childhood experiences on spousal depressive symptoms.Conclusion and RelevanceIn the CHARLS, HRS, and SHARE databases, we found that adverse childhood experiences were significantly correlated between couples. Respondents’ adverse childhood experiences were associated with spousal depressive symptoms, with respondents’ depressive symptoms mediating the association. The two-way implications of adverse childhood experiences on depressive symptoms should be considered at couple level and effective interventions are warranted.Key PointsQuestionWhether respondents’ adverse childhood experiences are associated with their adulthood depressive symptoms and further contribute to spousal depressive symptoms?FindingThis study found significant associations between husbands’ adverse childhood experiences and wives’ depressive symptoms. Additionally, respondents’ depressive symptoms mediated more than 20% of the effect of respondents’ adverse childhood experiences on spousal depressive symptoms.MeaningThe implications of childhood adversity on later-life depressive symptoms at the couple level should be considered and strengthening the effective interventions of adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms is needed.

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    Frontiers in Public Health
    Article . 2023
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    Frontiers in Public Health
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      Article . 2023
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      Frontiers in Public Health
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Laurie J. Reitsema; Alissa Mittnik; Britney Kyle; Giulio Catalano; +46 Authors

    Trade and colonization caused an unprecedented increase in Mediterranean human mobility in the first millennium BCE. Often seen as a dividing force, warfare is in fact another catalyst of culture contact. We provide insight into the demographic dynamics of ancient warfare by reporting genome-wide data from fifth-century soldiers who fought for the army of the Greek Sicilian colony of Himera, along with representatives of the civilian population, nearby indigenous settlements, and 96 present-day individuals from Italy and Greece. Unlike the rest of the sample, many soldiers had ancestral origins in northern Europe, the Steppe, and the Caucasus. Integrating genetic, archaeological, isotopic, and historical data, these results illustrate the significant role mercenaries played in ancient Greek armies and highlight how participation in war contributed to continental-scale human mobility in the Classical world.

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    MPG.PuRe
    Article . 2022
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    Authors: Joscha Gretzinger; Duncan Sayer; Pierre Justeau; Eveline Altena; +76 Authors

    The history of the British Isles and Ireland is characterized by multiple periods of major cultural change, including the influential transformation after the end of Roman rule, which precipitated shifts in language, settlement patterns and material culture1. The extent to which migration from continental Europe mediated these transitions is a matter of long-standing debate2–4. Here we study genome-wide ancient DNA from 460 medieval northwestern Europeans—including 278 individuals from England—alongside archaeological data, to infer contemporary population dynamics. We identify a substantial increase of continental northern European ancestry in early medieval England, which is closely related to the early medieval and present-day inhabitants of Germany and Denmark, implying large-scale substantial migration across the North Sea into Britain during the Early Middle Ages. As a result, the individuals who we analysed from eastern England derived up to 76% of their ancestry from the continental North Sea zone, albeit with substantial regional variation and heterogeneity within sites. We show that women with immigrant ancestry were more often furnished with grave goods than women with local ancestry, whereas men with weapons were as likely not to be of immigrant ancestry. A comparison with present-day Britain indicates that subsequent demographic events reduced the fraction of continental northern European ancestry while introducing further ancestry components into the English gene pool, including substantial southwestern European ancestry most closely related to that seen in Iron Age France

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    Nature; NARCIS
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Cranfield CERES
    Article . 2021
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    Article . 2022
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    Nature
    Article . 2021
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      Nature; NARCIS
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      Cranfield CERES
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      UCL Discovery
      Article . 2022
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    Authors: Andreea C Badache; Elina Mäki-Torkko; Stephen Widen; Stefan Fors;

    AbstractObjectivesImprovements in educational attainment, cognitive and sensory functions, and a decline in the prevalence of disabilities have been observed in older adults in Sweden and Denmark. In the present study, it was investigated whether better cognition, higher educational attainment, and improved sensory function among older adults aged 60 and older in these countries have contributed to decreasing rates of old-age disabilities.MethodsThe analyses were based on repeated cross-sectional data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe for the 2004–2017 period. Descriptive data were used to benchmark the declining prevalence of disabilities, improving cognitive and sensory functions, and increased educational level. The association between time and disabilities was analyzed with logistic regression models, and the contribution of the improved cognitive function, education, and sensory function to the declining prevalence of old-age disabilities was estimated using the Karlson–Holm–Breen method for mediation analysis.ResultsThe analysis suggests that the declining prevalence of old-age disabilities in Sweden and Denmark between 2004 and 2017 can largely be attributed to improved cognitive function and vision and to a lesser extent by education and hearing ability.DiscussionThese findings raise important questions about the causal mechanisms producing the associations between cognition, education, and sensory functions and disability in older age. Future studies should explore the causal nature of the associations between these mediators and old-age disabilities. In addition, they should explore whether these findings differ across regional and cultural contexts and over different time periods.

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    The Journals of Gerontology Series B
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      The Journals of Gerontology Series B
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ana Catarina Maia; Paulo Nogueira; Maria Adriana Henriques; Carla Farinha; +1 Authors

    The knowledge of long-term informal care is particularly interesting for social and health measures related to ageing. This study aims to analyze how Portugal differs from Denmark regarding long-term informal care, specifically referring to personal care received by older people. A cross-sectional study was developed in Portugal and Denmark through the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in 2015, with a total of 2891 participants. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were performed. The findings suggest a significant association for older people from Portugal who receive long-term informal care from non-household caregivers and household caregivers. Moreover, as they age and are from Portugal, their availability to receive long-term informal care from non-household caregivers increases. Furthermore, older people in Portugal are more likely to receive long-term informal care from a household caregiver. It is important to take a closer look at long-term informal care in both countries and think about healthy ageing policies in the current context of the ageing population. This study provides knowledge about disaggregated health data on ageing in the European region, helping to fill research gaps related to older people. The SHARE data collection has been funded by the European Commission, DG RTD through FP5 (QLK6-CT-2001-00360), FP6 (SHARE-I3: RII-CT-2006-062193, COMPARE: CIT5-CT-2005-028857, SHARELIFE: CIT4-CT-2006-028812), FP7 (SHARE-PREP: GA N°211909, SHARE-LEAP: GA N°227822, SHARE M4: GA N°261982, DASISH: GA N°283646), Horizon 2020 (SHARE-DEV3: GA N°676536, SHARE-COHESION: GA N°870628, SERIES: GA N°654221, SSHOC: GA N°823782), and DG Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion through vs. 2015/0195, vs. 2016/0135, vs. 2018/0285, vs. 2019/0332, and vs. 2020/0313. Additional funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research, the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, the U.S. National Institute on Ageing (U01_AG09740-13S2, P01_AG005842, P01_AG08291, P30_AG12815, R21_AG025169, Y1-AG-4553-01, IAG_BSR06-11, OGHA_04-064, HHSN271201300071C, RAG052527A), and from various national funding sources is gratefully acknowledged (see www.share-project.org, accessed on 18 November 2020). © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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    Authors: Iosif Lazaridis; Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg; Ayşe Acar; Ayşen Açıkkol; +201 Authors

    We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia. The newly reported dataset is described in detail in an accompanying Research Article, where we also acknowledge the funders who supported dataset generation (12). Analysis of data was supported by the National Institutes of Health (GM100233 and HG012287), the John Templeton Foundation (grant 61220), a private gift from Jean-Francois Clin, the Allen Discovery Center program, a Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (D.R.). National Institutes of Health [GM100233, HG012287]; John Templeton Foundation [61220]; Allen Discovery Center program; Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute

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  • Authors: Charlotte van Coeverden; Wolfram Schultz;

    AbstractCoordination and cooperation are hallmarks of the behavior of social animals. Coordination requires common choices to obtain maximum benefit, whereas cooperation requires to forgo immediate selfish outcome for later common maximum benefit. A well validated economic game for investigating cooperation is Prisoner Dilemma (PD). Recent studies show that monkeys cooperate to a limited extent when playing an iterated PD. In our experiment, macaque monkeys made choices on a touchscreen to obtain juice reward whose amount depended on the choices of both animals. We designed four coordination games and two cooperation games (iterated PD) that differed only in a single payoff (the so-called temptation) while all other payoffs remained constant. The increasing temptation payoff resulted in performance that varied somewhat in the coordination game (probability of common choice between p = 0.55 and p = 0.70) but dropped in both cooperation games while nevertheless remaining significant (p = 0.28 to p = 0.68). The response time of the second player increased significantly when the first player chose the cooperative option across all games, suggesting reciprocation; further, the animals seemed to benefit from seeing the action of the other player, indicating that the choices incorporated a social component. Taken together, our results demonstrate good cooperation in the iterated PD by macaque monkeys after being primed with coordination games.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Borja del Pozo Cruz; Rosa M. Alfonso-Rosa; Rubén López-Bueno; Stuart J. Fairclough; +2 Authors

    Background: Evidence investigating associations between hospitalization and physical activity is scarce and limited to specific populations of older adults. Objective: The current study aimed to describe the impact of past hospitalization on current physical activity levels of a large representative sample of European older adults with accelerometry data. Methods: A representative sample of 856 European older adults aged 50 years and over was included in this study. Hospital admission and utilization (i.e., accumulated times and length of stay in hospital) in the last 12 months were self-reported retrospectively. Physical activity volume (mg) and distribution of intensity (intensity gradient) were assessed with thigh-worn accelerometers. Results: Multivariate linear regressions indicated that hospital admission (15% of the sample) was associated with reduced physical activity volume (-4.29 mg; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), -9.07 to 0.47) of participants. Each additional hospital admission was associated with lower volume (-2.29 mg; 95% CI, -4.65 to 0.06) and poorer distribution of intensity (-0.07; 95% CI, -0.11 to -0.04). Total length of stay was not associated with physical activity. Conclusions: This study suggests that hospital admission and the number of times admitted, but not accumulated length of stay, may curb physical activity levels of older adults. Public health strategies to promote successful aging should target post-hospitalization physical activity. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Gerontology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Gerontology
    Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
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      Gerontology
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Gerontology
      Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Richter, Lukas; Heidinger, Theresa;

    Early in the pandemic, researchers were cautioning that COVID-19 and the associated health policy countermeasures would have an increased negative impact on groups that were already vulnerable before the pandemic. One of these groups are older people affected by poverty, who according to official figures make up 13.9% of older population in Austria. Even before the pandemic, their living situation was considered precarious. Not without reason, this group has been identified as a high-risk group of the pandemic, due to their increased likelihood of severe COVID-19 related illness and their limited monetary resources and thus lower chances of coping with the pandemic. Nevertheless, research on this group has remained sparse to date. Therefore, the aim of the study is to focus on older people (60+ years) below the poverty line and to compare them with non-poor individuals. Data from the SHARE (Survey of Health Aging and Retirement in Europe) project is used, combining data from the two SHARE Corona Surveys (summer 2020 and summer 2021) and the SHARE Corona Special Austria Survey (December 2020) to gain the most complete picture of life situation during the pandemic. Results demonstrate that older people in poverty were more likely to report poor subjective health before as well as during the pandemic yet were significantly more likely to refuse vaccination against COVID-19, despite adhering to other measures against the pandemic to the same extent as non-poor people. Restrictions in the health care system affected both groups equally and no significant differences in the frequency of social contacts could be found. However, older people below the poverty line were significantly more likely to rely on social support to obtain necessities during the pandemic and were less likely to use the internet. Together, these results point out that disadvantage exist for the older poor in some but not all areas of life during the pandemic. This paper is aimed at providing first insights into the lives of poor older persons during a taxing time and may perhaps inspire more in-depth study of this particularly understudied population.

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    Frontiers in Public Health
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    Frontiers in Public Health
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Public ...arrow_drop_down
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      Frontiers in Public Health
      Article . 2022
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      Frontiers in Public Health
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Alexandra, Flemming;

    Protective immunity relies on the interplay of innate and adaptive immune cells with complementary and redundant functions. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have recently emerged as tissue-resident, innate mirror images of the T cell system with which they share lineage-specifying transcription factors and effector machinery(1). Located at barrier surfaces, ILCs are among the first responders against invading pathogens and might thus determine the outcome of the immune response(2). However, it has been impossible until now to dissect the unique contributions of ILCs to protective immunity due to limitations in specifically targeting ILC subsets. Thus, all of the available data have either been generated in mice lacking the adaptive immune system or with tools that also affect other immune cell subsets. In addition, it was proposed that ILCs might be dispensable for a proper immune response because other immune cells could compensate for their absence(3–7). Here, we report the generation of a new mouse model based on the Nmurl promoter as a driver for simultaneous expression of Cre recombinase and green fluorescent protein (GFP), which allows gene targeting in ILC2s without affecting other innate and adaptive immune cells. By removing Id2 and Gata-3 using Cre-mediated gene deletion in Nmur1-expressing cells, we have generated mice with selective and specific deficiency in ILC2s. ILC2-deficient mice have decreased eosinophil counts in steady state and are unable to recruit eosinophils in the airways in models of allergic asthma. Further, ILC2-deficient mice fail to mount an appropriate immune and epithelial type 2 response resulting in a profound defect in worm expulsion and a non-protective type 3 immune response. In total, our data establish non-redundant functions for ILC2s in the presence of adaptive immune cells at steady state and during diseases and argue for a multilayered organization of the immune system based on a spatiotemporal division of labor.

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    Europe PubMed Central
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    Nature Reviews Immunology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
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      Nature Reviews Immunology
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Weidi Sun; Ziyang Ren; Ziyang Ren; Ziyang Ren; +14 Authors

    AbstractImportanceAdverse childhood experiences are associated with higher depressive risks in adulthood. Whether respondents’ adverse childhood experiences are associated with their adulthood depressive symptoms and further contribute to spousal depressive symptoms was unexplored.ObjectiveTo assess the spousal concordance of adverse childhood experiences, the association of respondents’ adverse childhood experiences with spousal depressive symptoms and the mediating role of respondents’ depressive symptoms in this association.DesignThis cohort study was conducted based on data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Data were analyzed from June through July 2022.SettingThe study was based on three cohorts in China, the US, and Europe.ParticipantsCouples aged 50 years or older with complete data on ACEs and covariates.ExposuresAdverse childhood experiences.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the Europe-depression scale were respectively applied in CHARLS, HRS, and SHARE to define depressive symptoms.ResultsCouples’ adverse childhood experiences were noticeably correlated in the three cohorts. Significant associations between husbands’ adverse childhood experiences and wives’ depressive symptoms in the three cohorts, with ORs and 95% CIs of 2.09 (1.36-3.22) for 4 or more adverse childhood experiences in CHARLS, and 1.25 (1.06-1.48) and 1.38 (1.06-1.79) for 2 or more adverse childhood experiences in HRS and SHARE. However, wives’ adverse childhood experiences were associated with husbands’ depressive symptoms in only CHARLS and SHARE. Findings in intra-familial and extra-familial adverse childhood experiences were consistent with our main results. Additionally, respondents’ depressive symptoms mediated more than 20% of the effect of respondents’ adverse childhood experiences on spousal depressive symptoms.Conclusion and RelevanceIn the CHARLS, HRS, and SHARE databases, we found that adverse childhood experiences were significantly correlated between couples. Respondents’ adverse childhood experiences were associated with spousal depressive symptoms, with respondents’ depressive symptoms mediating the association. The two-way implications of adverse childhood experiences on depressive symptoms should be considered at couple level and effective interventions are warranted.Key PointsQuestionWhether respondents’ adverse childhood experiences are associated with their adulthood depressive symptoms and further contribute to spousal depressive symptoms?FindingThis study found significant associations between husbands’ adverse childhood experiences and wives’ depressive symptoms. Additionally, respondents’ depressive symptoms mediated more than 20% of the effect of respondents’ adverse childhood experiences on spousal depressive symptoms.MeaningThe implications of childhood adversity on later-life depressive symptoms at the couple level should be considered and strengthening the effective interventions of adverse childhood experiences and depressive symptoms is needed.

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    Frontiers in Public Health
    Article . 2023
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    Frontiers in Public Health
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Frontiers in Public Health
      Article . 2023
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      Frontiers in Public Health
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Laurie J. Reitsema; Alissa Mittnik; Britney Kyle; Giulio Catalano; +46 Authors

    Trade and colonization caused an unprecedented increase in Mediterranean human mobility in the first millennium BCE. Often seen as a dividing force, warfare is in fact another catalyst of culture contact. We provide insight into the demographic dynamics of ancient warfare by reporting genome-wide data from fifth-century soldiers who fought for the army of the Greek Sicilian colony of Himera, along with representatives of the civilian population, nearby indigenous settlements, and 96 present-day individuals from Italy and Greece. Unlike the rest of the sample, many soldiers had ancestral origins in northern Europe, the Steppe, and the Caucasus. Integrating genetic, archaeological, isotopic, and historical data, these results illustrate the significant role mercenaries played in ancient Greek armies and highlight how participation in war contributed to continental-scale human mobility in the Classical world.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Flore (Florence Rese...arrow_drop_down
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    Article . 2022
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    Article . 2022
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    Authors: Joscha Gretzinger; Duncan Sayer; Pierre Justeau; Eveline Altena; +76 Authors

    The history of the British Isles and Ireland is characterized by multiple periods of major cultural change, including the influential transformation after the end of Roman rule, which precipitated shifts in language, settlement patterns and material culture1. The extent to which migration from continental Europe mediated these transitions is a matter of long-standing debate2–4. Here we study genome-wide ancient DNA from 460 medieval northwestern Europeans—including 278 individuals from England—alongside archaeological data, to infer contemporary population dynamics. We identify a substantial increase of continental northern European ancestry in early medieval England, which is closely related to the early medieval and present-day inhabitants of Germany and Denmark, implying large-scale substantial migration across the North Sea into Britain during the Early Middle Ages. As a result, the individuals who we analysed from eastern England derived up to 76% of their ancestry from the continental North Sea zone, albeit with substantial regional variation and heterogeneity within sites. We show that women with immigrant ancestry were more often furnished with grave goods than women with local ancestry, whereas men with weapons were as likely not to be of immigrant ancestry. A comparison with present-day Britain indicates that subsequent demographic events reduced the fraction of continental northern European ancestry while introducing further ancestry components into the English gene pool, including substantial southwestern European ancestry most closely related to that seen in Iron Age France

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ CORE (RIOXX-UK Aggre...arrow_drop_down
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    Nature; NARCIS
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2022
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    Cranfield CERES
    Article . 2021
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Cranfield CERES
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    UCL Discovery
    Article . 2022
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    Article . 2022
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    Nature
    Article . 2021
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      Nature; NARCIS
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2022
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      Cranfield CERES
      Article . 2021
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      UCL Discovery
      Article . 2022
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Article . 2021
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    Authors: Andreea C Badache; Elina Mäki-Torkko; Stephen Widen; Stefan Fors;

    AbstractObjectivesImprovements in educational attainment, cognitive and sensory functions, and a decline in the prevalence of disabilities have been observed in older adults in Sweden and Denmark. In the present study, it was investigated whether better cognition, higher educational attainment, and improved sensory function among older adults aged 60 and older in these countries have contributed to decreasing rates of old-age disabilities.MethodsThe analyses were based on repeated cross-sectional data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe for the 2004–2017 period. Descriptive data were used to benchmark the declining prevalence of disabilities, improving cognitive and sensory functions, and increased educational level. The association between time and disabilities was analyzed with logistic regression models, and the contribution of the improved cognitive function, education, and sensory function to the declining prevalence of old-age disabilities was estimated using the Karlson–Holm–Breen method for mediation analysis.ResultsThe analysis suggests that the declining prevalence of old-age disabilities in Sweden and Denmark between 2004 and 2017 can largely be attributed to improved cognitive function and vision and to a lesser extent by education and hearing ability.DiscussionThese findings raise important questions about the causal mechanisms producing the associations between cognition, education, and sensory functions and disability in older age. Future studies should explore the causal nature of the associations between these mediators and old-age disabilities. In addition, they should explore whether these findings differ across regional and cultural contexts and over different time periods.

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    The Journals of Gerontology Series B
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      The Journals of Gerontology Series B
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ana Catarina Maia; Paulo Nogueira; Maria Adriana Henriques; Carla Farinha; +1 Authors

    The knowledge of long-term informal care is particularly interesting for social and health measures related to ageing. This study aims to analyze how Portugal differs from Denmark regarding long-term informal care, specifically referring to personal care received by older people. A cross-sectional study was developed in Portugal and Denmark through the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in 2015, with a total of 2891 participants. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were performed. The findings suggest a significant association for older people from Portugal who receive long-term informal care from non-household caregivers and household caregivers. Moreover, as they age and are from Portugal, their availability to receive long-term informal care from non-household caregivers increases. Furthermore, older people in Portugal are more likely to receive long-term informal care from a household caregiver. It is important to take a closer look at long-term informal care in both countries and think about healthy ageing policies in the current context of the ageing population. This study provides knowledge about disaggregated health data on ageing in the European region, helping to fill research gaps related to older people. The SHARE data collection has been funded by the European Commission, DG RTD through FP5 (QLK6-CT-2001-00360), FP6 (SHARE-I3: RII-CT-2006-062193, COMPARE: CIT5-CT-2005-028857, SHARELIFE: CIT4-CT-2006-028812), FP7 (SHARE-PREP: GA N°211909, SHARE-LEAP: GA N°227822, SHARE M4: GA N°261982, DASISH: GA N°283646), Horizon 2020 (SHARE-DEV3: GA N°676536, SHARE-COHESION: GA N°870628, SERIES: GA N°654221, SSHOC: GA N°823782), and DG Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion through vs. 2015/0195, vs. 2016/0135, vs. 2018/0285, vs. 2019/0332, and vs. 2020/0313. Additional funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research, the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, the U.S. National Institute on Ageing (U01_AG09740-13S2, P01_AG005842, P01_AG08291, P30_AG12815, R21_AG025169, Y1-AG-4553-01, IAG_BSR06-11, OGHA_04-064, HHSN271201300071C, RAG052527A), and from various national funding sources is gratefully acknowledged (see www.share-project.org, accessed on 18 November 2020). © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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    Authors: Iosif Lazaridis; Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg; Ayşe Acar; Ayşen Açıkkol; +201 Authors

    We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia. The newly reported dataset is described in detail in an accompanying Research Article, where we also acknowledge the funders who supported dataset generation (12). Analysis of data was supported by the National Institutes of Health (GM100233 and HG012287), the John Templeton Foundation (grant 61220), a private gift from Jean-Francois Clin, the Allen Discovery Center program, a Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (D.R.). National Institutes of Health [GM100233, HG012287]; John Templeton Foundation [61220]; Allen Discovery Center program; Paul G. Allen Frontiers Group advised program of the Paul G. Allen Family Foundation; Howard Hughes Medical Institute

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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2022
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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