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В статье рассматриваются некоторые аспекты ранней истории армянского христианства. Находясь между Сасанидской державой и Восточной Римской империей, Армения, для сохранения своей политической и культурной независимости, стремилась достичь баланса во взаимоотношениях с этими двумя могущественными державами региона. Однако усилия армянской политической элиты не всегда приводили к желаемому результату, что неотвратимо вело Армению к потере государственности. В этой ситуации основным и весьма эффективным инструментом для сохранения идентичности и формирования средневековой нации стало христианство. В статье рассматривается политика Армянской церкви по отношению к Сасанидам, так и к Империи Ромеев. Именно эта политика стала определяющей в армяно-иранских и армяно-византийских отношениях, она предопределила дальнейшие этапы формирования Армянской апостольской церкви. The article deals with some aspects of the early history of Armenian Christianity. Being situated between the Sasanian state and the Eastern Roman Empire, Armenia sought to strike a balance in relations with these regional powers in order to maintain its political and cultural independence. However, the Armenian political elite ultimately failed in this endeavour, leading to Armenia’s loss of statehood. In this situation Christianity became the primary and very effective tool for preserving Armenian identity and forming a medieval nation. The article discusses the policy of the Armenian Church towards the Sasanians and the Roman Empire. This policy was decisive in Armenian–Iranian and Armenian–Byzantine relations, and influenced further stages in the formation of the Armenian Apostolic Church.

El objetivo del estudio es verificar si hay marcas ideológicas en la ejemplificación de la Gramatica spagnola e italiana de Lorenzo Franciosini (2018 [1624]). Partiremos de cuatro consideraciones teóricas. En primer lugar, ideología y gramática representan un binomio casi indisoluble ("etnogramática", Calero Vaquera 2004). En segundo lugar, la gramática es un identificador cultural que, por medio de la ejemplificación con frases, puede darnos mucha información sobre su época. En tercer lugar, los ejemplos presentados por Franciosini son generalmente sencillos y resultado experiencial del autor (San Vicente 2017). Finalmente, la obra gramatical analizada no fue escrita por un nativo y estaba dirigida a italófonos. Los ejemplos taxonomizados dependiendo de su nivel intralingüístico o extralingüístico (Zamorano Aguilar 2019a) nos servirán para analizar las relaciones entre ideología y ejemplificación, en particular a nivel extralingüístico. Esto nos ayudará a interpretar la obra gramatical como un acto comunicativo por medio del cual un emisor proporciona a un receptor un mensaje específico, utilizando un canal concreto en un determinado contexto socio-cultural (Zamorano Aguilar 2019b).

El presente estudio tiene como objeto de análisis tres ediciones, respectivamente, de dos gramáticas de español destinadas a italohablantes y publicadas en Turín: la Grammatica della lingua spagnuola de Filippo Manetta y Edoardo Rughi (1872-73, 1880 y 1908) y la Grammatica spagnola de Lucio Ambruzzi (1931, 1955 y 1965). Tomando como muestra representativa la terminología verbal de los tiempos del pasado, su análisis permitirá determinar, por un lado, mediante el cotejo con otras gramáticas, la tradición gramatical a la que pertenecen sus denominaciones y, por otro, en relación con estas, los cambios introducidos por los revisores en las ediciones póstumas.

Funnelling(Fun) is a recently proposed method for cross-lingual text classification (CLTC) based on a two-tier learning ensemble for heterogeneous transfer learning (HTL). In this ensemble method, 1st-tier classifiers, each working on a different and language-dependent feature space, return a vector of calibrated posterior probabilities (with one dimension for each class) for each document, and the final classification decision is taken by a meta-classifier that uses this vector as its input. The meta-classifier can thus exploit class-class correlations, and this (among other things) givesFunan edge over CLTC systems in which these correlations cannot be brought to bear. In this article, we describeGeneralized Funnelling(gFun), a generalization ofFunconsisting of an HTL architecture in which 1st-tier components can be arbitraryview-generating functions, i.e., language-dependent functions that each produce a language-independent representation (“view”) of the (monolingual) document. We describe an instance ofgFunin which the meta-classifier receives as input a vector of calibrated posterior probabilities (as inFun) aggregated to other embedded representations that embody other types of correlations, such as word-class correlations (as encoded byWord-Class Embeddings), word-word correlations (as encoded byMultilingual Unsupervised or Supervised Embeddings), and word-context correlations (as encoded bymultilingual BERT). We show that this instance ofgFunsubstantially improves overFunand over state-of-the-art baselines by reporting experimental results obtained on two large, standard datasets for multilingual multilabel text classification. Our code that implementsgFunis publicly available.

Milestone 34, Expose ESS’ interoperable services to external consumers, was achieved on 17 December 2021. The new system gives users access to the data catalogue of the European Social Survey (ESS) from the new data and metadata repositories via https://ess-search.nsd.no/en/all/query/.

This paper explores the extent to which the recent turbulent history of Cyprus is reflected in an emblematic building, the Ledra Palace Hotel. The hotel is situated on Nicosia's buffer zone, the Green Line that, since 1964, has divided the island into Greek Cypriot and Turkish sectors. Since its establishment in 1949 the Ledra Palace has been the background of the country's key historical events. In this paper, the Ledra Palace is analysed as an integral part of Cyprus’ cultural heritage which contributes to the understanding and negotiation of the island's difficult past.

This article presents an overview that systematically maps the historical development, thematic foci and temporal trends of research in Balkan – Southeast European studies. It uses bibliographic and content analysis as well as other tools to synthesize around 8000 scholarly publications on the Balkans – Southeast Europe that are indexed in the Web of Science databases (SSCI, A&HCI, ESCI, BKCI-SSH). We provide a visual representation of the intellectual historiography and the conceptual content and dynamics of Balkan – Southeast European studies, identifying the most prominent works, the active research themes and the emerging trajectories in the field.

Le jeu du kottabe, intervenant une fois le symposion entamé, est sans doute le plus célèbre des jeux de banquet. Cette pratique ludique, source d’émulations entre les buveurs, consistait à projeter d’un geste habile et maîtrisé la dernière goutte de vin de sa coupe sur une cible prédéfinie. Le vin, médiateur de sociabilité, est dans ce cadre à la fois la modalité et l’instrument du jeu, tandis que la vaisselle de banquet est détournée de son usage premier. À partir d’une sélection de vases italiotes, cet article questionne l’agentivité féminine associée à ce divertissement habituellement considéré comme masculin. À la fois cible animée, enjeu du lancer, joueuse ou accessoire ludique, la présence féminine mise en scène dans le champ métaphorique de l’image est multiple et protéiforme. À l’aide de jeux visuels, les imagiers italiotes se jouent des codes et des normes établies en proposant une vision renouvelée, réelle ou fantasmée, autour de la culture du vin.