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Cyber-physical systems help toward mitigating the impact of climate change on cultural heritage sites and monuments by utilizing cultural heritage digital twins, coupled with artificial intelligence/machine learning algorithms, facilitating degradation detection and triggering appropriate actions.

In the Anthropocene, predicted sea-level rise is expected to continue, threating human life and activities along the coast. Dunes play a vital role in providing protection from this threat, aside from the ‘ecosystem’ services that they supply. This article uses scientific, popular and unpublished sources from the nineteenth century and twentieth to examine New Zealand’s largest coastal dune system: the Manawatū-Whanganui dune field. Extending south from Pātea to Paekakariki, it comprises approximately 900 square kilometres. Here, destabilized dunes drifting inland caused social, economic and political problems over the last 150 years. In the nineteenth century, human activities were responsible for setting the dunes in motion. Debates about the matter and attempts to prevent and stop it were then occurring in many parts of the world. Since dunes were a common concern, knowledge and practices were shared and travelled between countries though experts and migrants. The consequences of the solutions implemented and new environmental conditions explain that dunes are still a major issue in the Manawatū- Whanganui region. This article presents a comparative analysis of historical and present- day human responses to dune management to better understand long-term dune drift, its mechanisms and responses. Despite looking at a local case, this study can be extrapolated to dunes worldwide. It shows that holistic management of coastal ecosystems must take into account interdisciplinary analyses of long-term relations between dunes and society. Otherwise, the full picture about the present situation of dunes cannot be apprehended, compromising the implementation of future adaptation measures. This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced version of an article accepted in June 29, 2021 following peer review for publication in Environment & History [forthcoming] © The White Horse Press ERC (grant agreement nº 802918)

This report serves as deliverable D3.4 of the SmartCulTour ‘Horizon 2020’ project (grant agreement number 870708). The goal of SmartCulTour is to support regional development in all European regions with important tangible and intangible cultural assets, including those located in rural peripheries and the urban fringe, through sustainable cultural tourism. To fulfil this supportive role, SmartCulTour Work Package 3 aimed at providing more clarity and in-depth knowledge on the state of art of ‘cultural tourism interventions’, which was the main objective of SmartCulTour Deliverable D3.1. This deliverable is a continuation of SmartCulTour D3.1, which is also considered as an integral part of this deliverable. Deliverable D3.1 outlined and proposed a framework of different types of cultural tourism interventions, their impacts and success conditions. The framework represented more than just a summary but can be seen as a tool to start engaging stakeholders in conversations or decision-making processes concerning cultural tourism interventions. Based on the experiences of the SmartCulTour Living Labs, this deliverable contains an update of the framework proposed in D3.1, Therefore, this report considers the experiences of the Living Labs and specifically the type of interventions that have been identified, discussed, planned or initiated within each of the Living Lab, as already introduced in the Deliverable D6.2 ‘Production of abstracts and practice videos on tested interventions’. Those insights have been compared with the ‘Framework of cultural tourism intervention’ provided with Deliverable D3.1, to identify similarities and differences among the Living Labs experiences and the proposed framework. Where necessary and reasonable, the framework has been revised, proposing a final framework of interventions, impacts and success conditions, updated with experiences from the Living Labs.

This dataset containts the underlying data that was used to analyse the SmartCulTour identified interventions that were described under the production of abstracts and practice videos of D6.2. The data collection established: Context & background Reason why of the intervention Resources and tools Expected economic impact Expected social impact Expected cultural impact Expected environmental impact Success conditions These criteria were analysed by the SmartCulTour local experts and meant to feed into the updated taxonomy on cultural tourism interventions of D3.4. The interventions that are described are linked to the practice videos that can be found under the Living Labs section of the SmartCulTour website (www.smartcultour.eu) and pertain to: Rotterdam Living Lab: Planning for the future of Hoek van Holland & Bospolder-Tussendijken Scheldeland Living Lab: Hof van Coolhem: social employment and care project in tourism Scheldeland Living Lab: Bornem Castle: upgrades historical exhibitions & creates visitor centre Scheldeland Living Lab: Steam train Dendermonde-Puurs: volunteers protecting industrial heritage Utsjoki Living Lab: Traces in Utsjoki: inspiring respectful visitor behaviour in nature areas Utsjoki Living Lab: Placemaking as a technique to support meaningful visitor experiences Huesca Living Lab: The Somontano Wine Route: a resilient strategy for Huesca Huesca Living Lab: The Río Vero Cultural Park. From Palaeolithic human history to the present Split Living Lab: Making traditional Easter bread-Sirnica in Solin Split Living Lab: The cultural heritage of Sinj: the story of Alka Vicenza Living Lab: Vicenza: the city of Palladio Vicenza Living Lab: The international library "La Vigna" becomes an open innovation Living Lab

IntroductionThis study presents COVID-Twitter-BERT (CT-BERT), a transformer-based model that is pre-trained on a large corpus of COVID-19 related Twitter messages. CT-BERT is specifically designed to be used on COVID-19 content, particularly from social media, and can be utilized for various natural language processing tasks such as classification, question-answering, and chatbots. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of CT-BERT on different classification datasets and compare it with BERT-LARGE, its base model.MethodsThe study utilizes CT-BERT, which is pre-trained on a large corpus of COVID-19 related Twitter messages. The authors evaluated the performance of CT-BERT on five different classification datasets, including one in the target domain. The model's performance is compared to its base model, BERT-LARGE, to measure the marginal improvement. The authors also provide detailed information on the training process and the technical specifications of the model.ResultsThe results indicate that CT-BERT outperforms BERT-LARGE with a marginal improvement of 10-30% on all five classification datasets. The largest improvements are observed in the target domain. The authors provide detailed performance metrics and discuss the significance of these results.DiscussionThe study demonstrates the potential of pre-trained transformer models, such as CT-BERT, for COVID-19 related natural language processing tasks. The results indicate that CT-BERT can improve the classification performance on COVID-19 related content, especially on social media. These findings have important implications for various applications, such as monitoring public sentiment and developing chatbots to provide COVID-19 related information. The study also highlights the importance of using domain-specific pre-trained models for specific natural language processing tasks. Overall, this work provides a valuable contribution to the development of COVID-19 related NLP models.

As the share of renewable energy grows worldwide, flexible energy production from peak-operating hydropower and the phenomenon of hydropeaking have received increasing attention. In this study, we collected open research questions from 220 experts in river science, practice, and policy across the globe using an online survey available in six languages related to hydropeaking. We used a systematic method of determining expert consensus (Delphi method) to identify 100 high-priority questions related to the following thematic fields: (a) hydrology, (b) physico-chemical properties of water, (c) river morphology and sediment dynamics, (d) ecology and biology, (e) socio-economic topics, (f) energy markets, (g) policy and regulation, and (h) management and mitigation measures. The consensus list of high-priority questions shall inform and guide researchers in focusing their efforts to foster a better science-policy interface, thereby improving the sustainability of peak-operating hydropower in a variety of settings. We find that there is already a strong understanding of the ecological impact of hydropeaking and efficient mitigation techniques to support sustainable hydropower. Yet, a disconnect remains in its policy and management implementation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 187 ISSN:1364-0321

Practice abstracts and videos are often envisioned within the multi-actor approach (MAA), which is typical of Horizon 2020 projects and brings together a range of different stakeholders, spanning people from science, practice, or anyone who can help tackle the objectives of the project. All experience and knowledge are therefore taken into account and the partners co-create results together, to address real-life problems through innovative and intersectoral approaches. In this perspective, practice abstracts and videos are intended to communicate a short summary of information or recommendations that have been observed or developed during the lifetime of a project, as well as to provide good practices as role models for replication in other contexts. As part of SmartCulTour’s WP6, Task 6.4 included the production of practice abstracts and the recording of relevant videos on interventions that were identified in the SmartCulTour Labs for their relevance as interesting and insightful cultural tourism interventions, and were either taking place in the region and supported by the Lab’s activities, implemented within the SmartCulTour project or co-designed by Labs’ stakeholders for future implementation. These are innovative/promising direct and indirect interventions, or a combination thereof, for the sustainable development of cultural tourism, with potential/possible impacts on sustainability and resilience of the destination. Accordingly, each Lab Manager was requested to produce one or more practice abstracts and videos, by providing practical information and outlining the main objectives and findings related to the selected intervention(s). Deliverable 6.2 gathers the texts of the practice abstracts produced by each of the six SmartCulTour Living Labs, along with the links to access the videos on the SmartCulTour website and YouTube channel. Two typologies of videos were produced: presentation video(s) of each Living Lab, and videos showcasing the intervention(s) selected, designed and/or implemented by each of them. These materials were developed primarily with a communication purpose to facilitate information sharing with those who can directly apply the findings, namely cultural tourism practitioners, policy-makers, etc. Local stakeholders were also involved in the production of the practice videos, so as to let them shape the storytelling for their own destination, while leveraging local ownership of the interventions. In order to boost their dissemination and outreach, the practice abstracts are available both in English and in the Living Lab’s local language, while the videos are subtitled in English or in the local language, as needed.