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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ozturk, Yagmur; Labbé, Cyril; Portet, François;

    In this study, we examine the potential application of Scientific Argument Mining (SAM) in enhancing scientific literature correction processes. Specifically, we focus on evaluating SAM's effectiveness in assessing the influence of retracted citations on the accuracy of claims and results within the field of nanobiology. Our objectives include creating a novel SAM dataset derived from nanobiology articles, assessing the adaptability of current SAM frameworks to this new dataset, and offering a comprehensive synthesis of the existing SAM guidelines for scientific literature correction practices. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Descartes; Mémoi...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Descartes; Mémoi...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Henriot, Christian;

    This study delves into the academic discourse surrounding Chinese history as portrayed in dissertations from American universities. The research initiates with an exploration of the ProQuest Dissertations database, meticulously curating a dataset of 1,132 dissertations with a historical focus on China. Faced with incomplete metadata, particularly concerning the departmental origins of the dissertations, the author employs a keyword strategy to identify relevant works, resulting in a significant corpus from various departments, predominantly history, but also including East Asian Studies, Religious Studies, Art History, and History of Science. The analytical approach utilizes R-studio for processing the dissertations, with a concentration on identifying dominant themes and patterns within different historical periods, such as Ancient China and the Republican period. The findings reveal a diverse array of topics, ranging from early Buddhist practices and their cultural implications to the intricacies of imperial governance and economic policies of the Han and Qin dynasties. A distinct section of the study focuses on dissertations from the Republican period, employing coherence and perplexity metrics to determine the interpretability of the models. Similarly, the Harvard dissertation abstracts are analyzed separately to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the academic landscape. The conclusion underscores the variance in topics across periods, noting the prominence of religion, state governance, and historiography in the dissertations. The study not only charts a map of scholarly trends in the writing of Chinese history but also poses critical questions about the ownership and interpretation of China's past in the academic domain.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Descartes; HAL A...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • Authors: Geis, Lila; D’errico, Francesco; Jordan, Fiona, M; Brenet, Michel; +1 Authors

    Upper Palaeolithic sites in southwestern France attributed to the Upper Gravettian and the Solutrean yielded sub spherical gravels with a highly shiny appearance that have intrigued researchers since the 1930s. In this work, we analyze specimens from five sites, including the recently excavated Solutrean site of Landry, to establish whether their presence in archaeological layers and peculiar aspect are due to natural processes or human agency. We study the spatial distribution of gravels at Landry and submit archaeological gravels from the five sites, natural formations, Landry sediment sieving, and polishing experiments with a rotary tumbling machine to morphometric, colorimetric, microscopic, and textural analyses. Our results indicate the lustrous gravels found at the five sites result from deliberate selection and suggest their shiny appearance is the consequence of human agency, possibly resulting from prolonged contact with a soft material such as animal skin. Ethnographic accounts indicate that these gravels may have been used for magico-religious ritual purposes (charms, sorcery, divination etc.), in games, as elements of musical instruments, and as items serving other social and personal purposes. We argue that these objects reflect a cultural innovation emerged during the Gravettian and continued into the Solutrean. International audience

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Henriot, Christian; Armand, Cécile;

    Cette contribution a été rédigée en anglais. Ceci est une traduction de l'original que le lecteur trouvera ici: ⟨halshs-04194570v3⟩. Dans " En finir avec les Humanités Numériques : Penser les SHS avec les algorithmes ", nous explorons l'évolution du champ de la recherche en sciences humaines et sociales à l'ère numérique. Cet article examine de manière critique le terme "Humanités Numériques" (DH), mettant en évidence ses limites en tant que terme générique qui manque souvent de spécificité et de profondeur. S'appuyant sur cette critique, nous plaidons pour une intégration plus profonde de la pensée computationnelle dans la recherche en sciences humaines. Nous montrons comment les méthodes computationnelles offrent une approche rigoureuse et structurée pour aborder des questions complexes, dépassant les dichotomies classiques telles que traditionnel/numérique, micro/macro, quantitatif/qualitatif. À travers une série d'exemples, l'article montre comment les méthodologies computationnelles peuvent remodeler les questions de recherche, encourager des collaborations interdisciplinaires et favoriser un nouveau type de littératie. Nous abordons également les considérations éthiques et épistémologiques qui accompagnent l'adoption de ces outils. En fin de compte, l'article suggère que l'avenir des sciences humaines et sociales ne réside pas dans l'abandon des méthodes traditionnelles, mais dans leur harmonisation avec les approches computationnelles pour créer une compréhension plus riche et nuancée de l'expérience humaine. In 'Beyond Digital Humanities: Thinking Computationally,' we delve into the evolving landscape of humanities research in the digital age. This paper critically examines the term 'Digital Humanities' (DH), highlighting its limitations as an umbrella term that often lacks specificity and depth. Building upon this critique, the authors argue for a more profound integration of computational thinking into humanities scholarship. They delineate how computational methods offer a rigorous, structured approach to tackling complex questions, transcending traditional dichotomies like old/new and digital/traditional. Through a range of examples, the paper showcases how computational methodologies can reshape research questions, foster interdisciplinary collaborations, and bring a new kind of literacy to the field. The authors also address the ethical and epistemological considerations that come with the adoption of these new tools. Ultimately, the paper posits that the future of humanities research lies not in abandoning traditional methods, but in harmonizing them with computational approaches to create a richer, more nuanced understanding of the human experience. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Descartes; HAL A...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Descartes; HAL A...arrow_drop_down
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  • Authors: Lemaître-Salmon, Malaury;

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  • Authors: Chekroun, Amélie; Dorso, Simon; Cornax-Gómez, Carolina; Rodriguez, Jorge de Torres; +9 Authors

    Research on the past of the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somaliland), and more particularly of its Muslim societies, has undergone a significant revival over the past quarter century: a more refined and better established periodization is emerging and the historical geography, still very fragmentary, is beginning to take shape. The historiography devoted to the so-called medieval period, before the 16th century, has acquired a new coherence and visibility. The highlighting of the regional connections of the Horn of Africa in the Middle Ages places at the center of the investigation an actor who has remained on the fringe of the representations that modern Ethiopia has produced of its past since the end of the nineteenth century: Islam. But this revival is still in its initial stages. The articles gathered here illustrate the diversity of approaches to enrich the documentary corpus and continue to make progress in writing the history of Muslims in the Horn of Africa in the medieval period. Faced with the very few written sources produced in the Ethiopian Islamic context before the 19th century, it is necessary to have recourse to all types of sources at our disposal: exogenous sources (Yemeni and Egyptian), archaeology, the ge'ez texts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, but also the memory of these societies among the populations of the region in the 19th and 20th centuries. It is only by crossing all these sources, approaches and methodologies that it will be possible to have a more precise picture of this history that is still largely unwritten.

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  • Authors: Griffiths, Arlo; Janiak, Axelle;

    The DHARMA Encoding Guide for Critical Editions is a set of guidelines for creating critical editions of premodern South and Southeast Asian texts written in Sanskrit and/or in vernacular languages heavily impacted by the Sanskrit tradition. Specifically, this Encoding Guide concerns digital editions in XML format compliant with the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) standard. These guidelines have been developed in the context of the ERC-funded project DHARMA, but it is hoped that they will help to establish new standards in South and Southeast Asian philology also beyond the DHARMA project.

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  • Authors: Furui, Ryosuke;

    From the first epigraphic references in the early sixth century, the Buddhist vihāras in Bengal emerged as institutions with extensive landholdings, crucially depending on patronage from temporal powers. In the seventh and eighth centuries, they accumulated more landholdings as widely scattered land plots, a process facilitated by the growth of sub-regional kingships with several layers of rulers and the emergence of stratified land relations engendering tenurial rights. Vihāras also underwent an organizational development that was required for the management of large landholdings. In the ninth and tenth centuries, Buddhist vihāras flourished under regional kingships establishing ever stronger territorial control. The royal patronage conferred on them access to extensive resources and powers in the donated tracts, but also opened a door to political interference and made them a focus of power struggles between kings and their subordinate rulers. The accounts of the Chinese monk Yijing on the practices followed at vihāras in eastern India in the late seventh century complement the picture that can be sketched from the epigraphic sources, with more information on management of landholdings and administration. International audience

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  • Authors: Piéjus, Anne;

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    Authors: Omeni, Akali;

    This article examines the institutional pathology of corruption within the Nigerian Navy, and its broader manifestation and implications within Nigeria’s maritime industry. Beginning with an examination of the disappearance of the vessel, MT African Pride, in October 2003, the article reflects on the African Pride case to show that far from being a one-off incident, it was indicative of the opportunism and criminality that naval operations within the oil-rich Niger Delta have generated. Other primary case studies relevant to corruption within Nigeria’s maritime industry, and interrogated by the article, include the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) and the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA). The article shall also examine a range of secondary case studies. These are relatively brief meditations on incidents, individuals and maritime industry private contractors and government parastatals, which are relevant to the debate to naval and maritime corruption in Nigeria.

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    Article . 2023 . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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The following results are related to Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage. Are you interested to view more results? Visit OpenAIRE - Explore.
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ozturk, Yagmur; Labbé, Cyril; Portet, François;

    In this study, we examine the potential application of Scientific Argument Mining (SAM) in enhancing scientific literature correction processes. Specifically, we focus on evaluating SAM's effectiveness in assessing the influence of retracted citations on the accuracy of claims and results within the field of nanobiology. Our objectives include creating a novel SAM dataset derived from nanobiology articles, assessing the adaptability of current SAM frameworks to this new dataset, and offering a comprehensive synthesis of the existing SAM guidelines for scientific literature correction practices. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HAL Descartes; Mémoi...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Henriot, Christian;

    This study delves into the academic discourse surrounding Chinese history as portrayed in dissertations from American universities. The research initiates with an exploration of the ProQuest Dissertations database, meticulously curating a dataset of 1,132 dissertations with a historical focus on China. Faced with incomplete metadata, particularly concerning the departmental origins of the dissertations, the author employs a keyword strategy to identify relevant works, resulting in a significant corpus from various departments, predominantly history, but also including East Asian Studies, Religious Studies, Art History, and History of Science. The analytical approach utilizes R-studio for processing the dissertations, with a concentration on identifying dominant themes and patterns within different historical periods, such as Ancient China and the Republican period. The findings reveal a diverse array of topics, ranging from early Buddhist practices and their cultural implications to the intricacies of imperial governance and economic policies of the Han and Qin dynasties. A distinct section of the study focuses on dissertations from the Republican period, employing coherence and perplexity metrics to determine the interpretability of the models. Similarly, the Harvard dissertation abstracts are analyzed separately to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the academic landscape. The conclusion underscores the variance in topics across periods, noting the prominence of religion, state governance, and historiography in the dissertations. The study not only charts a map of scholarly trends in the writing of Chinese history but also poses critical questions about the ownership and interpretation of China's past in the academic domain.

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  • Authors: Geis, Lila; D’errico, Francesco; Jordan, Fiona, M; Brenet, Michel; +1 Authors

    Upper Palaeolithic sites in southwestern France attributed to the Upper Gravettian and the Solutrean yielded sub spherical gravels with a highly shiny appearance that have intrigued researchers since the 1930s. In this work, we analyze specimens from five sites, including the recently excavated Solutrean site of Landry, to establish whether their presence in archaeological layers and peculiar aspect are due to natural processes or human agency. We study the spatial distribution of gravels at Landry and submit archaeological gravels from the five sites, natural formations, Landry sediment sieving, and polishing experiments with a rotary tumbling machine to morphometric, colorimetric, microscopic, and textural analyses. Our results indicate the lustrous gravels found at the five sites result from deliberate selection and suggest their shiny appearance is the consequence of human agency, possibly resulting from prolonged contact with a soft material such as animal skin. Ethnographic accounts indicate that these gravels may have been used for magico-religious ritual purposes (charms, sorcery, divination etc.), in games, as elements of musical instruments, and as items serving other social and personal purposes. We argue that these objects reflect a cultural innovation emerged during the Gravettian and continued into the Solutrean. International audience

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    Authors: Henriot, Christian; Armand, Cécile;

    Cette contribution a été rédigée en anglais. Ceci est une traduction de l'original que le lecteur trouvera ici: ⟨halshs-04194570v3⟩. Dans " En finir avec les Humanités Numériques : Penser les SHS avec les algorithmes ", nous explorons l'évolution du champ de la recherche en sciences humaines et sociales à l'ère numérique. Cet article examine de manière critique le terme "Humanités Numériques" (DH), mettant en évidence ses limites en tant que terme générique qui manque souvent de spécificité et de profondeur. S'appuyant sur cette critique, nous plaidons pour une intégration plus profonde de la pensée computationnelle dans la recherche en sciences humaines. Nous montrons comment les méthodes computationnelles offrent une approche rigoureuse et structurée pour aborder des questions complexes, dépassant les dichotomies classiques telles que traditionnel/numérique, micro/macro, quantitatif/qualitatif. À travers une série d'exemples, l'article montre comment les méthodologies computationnelles peuvent remodeler les questions de recherche, encourager des collaborations interdisciplinaires et favoriser un nouveau type de littératie. Nous abordons également les considérations éthiques et épistémologiques qui accompagnent l'adoption de ces outils. En fin de compte, l'article suggère que l'avenir des sciences humaines et sociales ne réside pas dans l'abandon des méthodes traditionnelles, mais dans leur harmonisation avec les approches computationnelles pour créer une compréhension plus riche et nuancée de l'expérience humaine. In 'Beyond Digital Humanities: Thinking Computationally,' we delve into the evolving landscape of humanities research in the digital age. This paper critically examines the term 'Digital Humanities' (DH), highlighting its limitations as an umbrella term that often lacks specificity and depth. Building upon this critique, the authors argue for a more profound integration of computational thinking into humanities scholarship. They delineate how computational methods offer a rigorous, structured approach to tackling complex questions, transcending traditional dichotomies like old/new and digital/traditional. Through a range of examples, the paper showcases how computational methodologies can reshape research questions, foster interdisciplinary collaborations, and bring a new kind of literacy to the field. The authors also address the ethical and epistemological considerations that come with the adoption of these new tools. Ultimately, the paper posits that the future of humanities research lies not in abandoning traditional methods, but in harmonizing them with computational approaches to create a richer, more nuanced understanding of the human experience. International audience

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  • Authors: Lemaître-Salmon, Malaury;

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  • Authors: Chekroun, Amélie; Dorso, Simon; Cornax-Gómez, Carolina; Rodriguez, Jorge de Torres; +9 Authors

    Research on the past of the Horn of Africa (Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somaliland), and more particularly of its Muslim societies, has undergone a significant revival over the past quarter century: a more refined and better established periodization is emerging and the historical geography, still very fragmentary, is beginning to take shape. The historiography devoted to the so-called medieval period, before the 16th century, has acquired a new coherence and visibility. The highlighting of the regional connections of the Horn of Africa in the Middle Ages places at the center of the investigation an actor who has remained on the fringe of the representations that modern Ethiopia has produced of its past since the end of the nineteenth century: Islam. But this revival is still in its initial stages. The articles gathered here illustrate the diversity of approaches to enrich the documentary corpus and continue to make progress in writing the history of Muslims in the Horn of Africa in the medieval period. Faced with the very few written sources produced in the Ethiopian Islamic context before the 19th century, it is necessary to have recourse to all types of sources at our disposal: exogenous sources (Yemeni and Egyptian), archaeology, the ge'ez texts of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia, but also the memory of these societies among the populations of the region in the 19th and 20th centuries. It is only by crossing all these sources, approaches and methodologies that it will be possible to have a more precise picture of this history that is still largely unwritten.

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  • Authors: Griffiths, Arlo; Janiak, Axelle;

    The DHARMA Encoding Guide for Critical Editions is a set of guidelines for creating critical editions of premodern South and Southeast Asian texts written in Sanskrit and/or in vernacular languages heavily impacted by the Sanskrit tradition. Specifically, this Encoding Guide concerns digital editions in XML format compliant with the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) standard. These guidelines have been developed in the context of the ERC-funded project DHARMA, but it is hoped that they will help to establish new standards in South and Southeast Asian philology also beyond the DHARMA project.

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  • Authors: Furui, Ryosuke;

    From the first epigraphic references in the early sixth century, the Buddhist vihāras in Bengal emerged as institutions with extensive landholdings, crucially depending on patronage from temporal powers. In the seventh and eighth centuries, they accumulated more landholdings as widely scattered land plots, a process facilitated by the growth of sub-regional kingships with several layers of rulers and the emergence of stratified land relations engendering tenurial rights. Vihāras also underwent an organizational development that was required for the management of large landholdings. In the ninth and tenth centuries, Buddhist vihāras flourished under regional kingships establishing ever stronger territorial control. The royal patronage conferred on them access to extensive resources and powers in the donated tracts, but also opened a door to political interference and made them a focus of power struggles between kings and their subordinate rulers. The accounts of the Chinese monk Yijing on the practices followed at vihāras in eastern India in the late seventh century complement the picture that can be sketched from the epigraphic sources, with more information on management of landholdings and administration. International audience

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  • Authors: Piéjus, Anne;

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    Authors: Omeni, Akali;

    This article examines the institutional pathology of corruption within the Nigerian Navy, and its broader manifestation and implications within Nigeria’s maritime industry. Beginning with an examination of the disappearance of the vessel, MT African Pride, in October 2003, the article reflects on the African Pride case to show that far from being a one-off incident, it was indicative of the opportunism and criminality that naval operations within the oil-rich Niger Delta have generated. Other primary case studies relevant to corruption within Nigeria’s maritime industry, and interrogated by the article, include the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) and the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA). The article shall also examine a range of secondary case studies. These are relatively brief meditations on incidents, individuals and maritime industry private contractors and government parastatals, which are relevant to the debate to naval and maritime corruption in Nigeria.

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