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In the Anthropocene, predicted sea-level rise is expected to continue, threating human life and activities along the coast. Dunes play a vital role in providing protection from this threat, aside from the ‘ecosystem’ services that they supply. This article uses scientific, popular and unpublished sources from the nineteenth century and twentieth to examine New Zealand’s largest coastal dune system: the Manawatū-Whanganui dune field. Extending south from Pātea to Paekakariki, it comprises approximately 900 square kilometres. Here, destabilized dunes drifting inland caused social, economic and political problems over the last 150 years. In the nineteenth century, human activities were responsible for setting the dunes in motion. Debates about the matter and attempts to prevent and stop it were then occurring in many parts of the world. Since dunes were a common concern, knowledge and practices were shared and travelled between countries though experts and migrants. The consequences of the solutions implemented and new environmental conditions explain that dunes are still a major issue in the Manawatū- Whanganui region. This article presents a comparative analysis of historical and present- day human responses to dune management to better understand long-term dune drift, its mechanisms and responses. Despite looking at a local case, this study can be extrapolated to dunes worldwide. It shows that holistic management of coastal ecosystems must take into account interdisciplinary analyses of long-term relations between dunes and society. Otherwise, the full picture about the present situation of dunes cannot be apprehended, compromising the implementation of future adaptation measures. This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced version of an article accepted in June 29, 2021 following peer review for publication in Environment & History [forthcoming] © The White Horse Press ERC (grant agreement nº 802918)

The authors gratefully acknowledge the following for funding their research: Fundação Nacional para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, contract grants 2020.02754.CEECIND (C.G.) and DL57/2016/CP1440/CT0029 (A.E. Pires), Project grant PTDC/CVTLIV/2827/2014 co-funded by COMPETE 2020 POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016647 and LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-016647 (C.G. and A.E.P); R.D.F. acknowledges the support of the Villum Fonden for the Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity (grant no 25925) and ERC-StG ZooMWest (ERC-StG 716298). This study was also co-funded by the project NORTE-01-0246-FEDER-000063, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). We acknowledge the use of computational resources from UPPMAX—the Uppsala Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Computational Science under the projects b2014175 and SNIC 2018/8-54. We are grateful for the excellent service and support provided by the National Genomics Infrastructure (NGI, SciLifeLab) in Stockholm, Sweden. The Maghreb is a key region for understanding the dynamics of cattle dispersal and admixture with local aurochs following their earliest domestication in the Fertile Crescent more than 10,000 years ago. Here, we present data on autosomal genomes and mitogenomes obtained for four archaeological specimens of Iron Age (∼2,800 cal BP–2,000 cal BP) domestic cattle from the Eastern Maghreb, i.e. Althiburos (El Kef, Tunisia). D-loop sequences were obtained for an additional eight cattle specimens from this site. Maternal lineages were assigned to the elusive R and ubiquitous African-T1 haplogroups found in two and ten Althiburos specimens, respectively. Our results can be explained by post-domestication hybridization of Althiburos cattle with local aurochs. However, we cannot rule out an independent domestication in North Africa considering the shared ancestry of Althiburos cattle with the pre-domestic Moroccan aurochs and present-day African taurine cattle.

En este trabajo presentamos el proyecto de investigación Post Scriptum, que tiene por objeto la búsqueda, edición y estudio históricolingüístico de cartas privadas escritas en España y Portugal durante la Edad Moderna. Post Scriptum reúne una amplia colección epistolar y la ofrece en dos formatos preparados para la búsqueda: el de la edición crítica digital y el del corpus lingüísticamente anotado. En esta presentación se exponen los aspectos fundamentales sobre el diseño y elaboración de Post Scriptum, desde la búsqueda de los manuscritos en archivos históricos hasta la edición digital y anotación semiautomática de los textos y su publicación en línea; también se recogen resultados definitivos y se aportan algunos ejemplos de explotación del corpus en diferentes niveles de análisis. In this paper we present the project Post Scriptum, which aims to build up a campaign of collection, edition and historical-linguistic study of private letters written in Portugal and Spain along the Early Modern Ages. Not only does the Post Scriptum project present a wide collection of private letters, but it also makes it available as a scholarly digital edition and as an annotated corpus. Key aspects about the development of Post Scriptum are explained in this paper, from the finding of manuscripts in historical archives to the digital edition and semi-automatic annotation of texts and their publication online. Final results and some examples that illustrate how the exploitation of this corpus works at different linguistic levels are also included.

L’analisi storiografica dell’uso rituale delle monete nei contesti funerari dell’Italia settentrionale ci permette di esaminare diversi approcci interpretativi, oltre a evidenziare possibili lacune che non sono state approfondite. L’obiettivo è quello di individuare queste mancanze, suggerendo nuove linee di ricerca e dimostrando che la presenza di monete in contesti funerari può fornire interessanti spunti per lo studio della società del passato. Historiographical analysis of the ritual use of coins in funerary contexts in northern Italy allows us to examine differing interpretive approaches to the issue, and to highlight possible lacunas which have not been explored further. I aim to identify these gaps, suggesting new avenues of research, and demonstrating that the presence of coins in funerary contexts can yield interesting perspectives for the study of past societies Finanziato dall’Unione Europea attraverso il programma Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Actions

This article brings to bear findings from the debate on the boundary problem in democratic theory on discussions of workplace democracy to argue that workplace democrats’ focus on workers is unjustified and that more constituencies will have to be included in any prospective scheme of workplace democracy. It thereby provides a valuable and underdiscussed perspective on workplace democracy that goes beyond the debate’s usual focus on the clarification and justification of workplace democrats’ core claim. It also goes beyond approaches like stakeholder theory in law and economics that determine decision-making rights without taking into account genuinely democratic considerations. My discussion proceeds by considering three principles for inclusion from democratic theory for the specific case of the corporation. I submit that two of them, the all-coerced and the all-subjected principle, are not appropriate for this specific case, because they cannot capture the distinguishing features of the corporation. The all-affected principle however is appropriate but has a very wide range. I further argue that this is not as big of a problem as it first might seem and that this principle is still the most appropriate for defining the demos of the democratic corporation. The article closes by pointing out the consequences of this result for the workplace democracy debate and for the legitimacy of the market as a coordination mechanism.

A.I. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant Number: 10001C_189407). This work was further supported by the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, granted by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant Number: 51NF40-185901). B.C. is supported by an Ambizione Grant (PZ00P1_180040) from the Swiss National Science Foundation. This study uses data from SHARE Waves 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 (DOIs: https://doi.org/10.6103/SHARE.w1.710, https://doi.org/10.6103/SHARE.w2.710, https://doi.org/10.6103/SHARE.w3.710, https://doi.org/10.6103/SHARE.w4.710, https://doi.org/10.6103/SHARE.w5.710, https://doi.org/10.6103/SHARE.w6.710, https://doi.org/10.6103/SHARE.w7.711, https://doi.org/10.6103/SHARE.w8.100). The SHARE data collection has been funded by the European Commission, DG RTD through FP5 (QLK6-CT-2001-00360), FP6 (SHARE-I3: RII-CT-2006-062193, COMPARE: CIT5-CT-2005-028857, SHARELIFE: CIT4-CT-2006-028812), FP7 (SHARE-PREP: GA N°211909, SHARE-LEAP: GA N°227822, SHARE M4: GA N°261982, DASISH: GA N°283646) and Horizon 2020 (SHARE-DEV3: GA N°676536, SHARE-COHESION: GA N°870628, SERISS: GA N°654221, SSHOC: GA N°823782) and by DG Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion through VS 2015/0195, VS 2016/0135, VS 2018/0285, VS 2019/0332, and VS 2020/0313. Additional funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research, the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, the U.S. National Institute on Aging (U01_AG09740-13S2, P01_AG005842, P01_AG08291, P30_AG12815, R21_AG025169, Y1-AG-4553-01, IAG_BSR06-11, OGHA_04-064, HHSN271201300071C, RAG052527A) and from various national funding sources is gratefully acknowledged (see www.share-project.org). Previous work has found that later life urban-rural differences in cognitive health can be largely explained by indicators of cognitive reserve such as education or occupation. However, previous research concentrated on residence in limited, specific, periods. This study offers a detailed investigation on the association between urban (vs. rural) residence from birth, and cognitive functioning in older age. Using data from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe we created residential trajectories from birth to survey enrolment with a combination of sequence and cluster analysis. Using mixed-effects models, we investigated the association between residential trajectories in early, mid, and later life and three cognitive functioning outcomes: immediate recall, delayed recall, and verbal fluency. In a sample of 38,165 participants, we found that, even after accounting for differences related to education and occupation, rural (vs. urban) residence in early life remained associated with poorer cognitive performance later in life. This suggests that growing up in rural regions leads to a long-term disadvantage in cognitive functioning. Thus, public health policies should consider that urban-rural inequalities in early life may have long-lasting associations with inequalities in cognitive health in old and very old age. © The Author(s) 2022 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:// creativecommons. org/ licenses/ by/4.0/.

The knowledge of long-term informal care is particularly interesting for social and health measures related to ageing. This study aims to analyze how Portugal differs from Denmark regarding long-term informal care, specifically referring to personal care received by older people. A cross-sectional study was developed in Portugal and Denmark through the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) in 2015, with a total of 2891 participants. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were performed. The findings suggest a significant association for older people from Portugal who receive long-term informal care from non-household caregivers and household caregivers. Moreover, as they age and are from Portugal, their availability to receive long-term informal care from non-household caregivers increases. Furthermore, older people in Portugal are more likely to receive long-term informal care from a household caregiver. It is important to take a closer look at long-term informal care in both countries and think about healthy ageing policies in the current context of the ageing population. This study provides knowledge about disaggregated health data on ageing in the European region, helping to fill research gaps related to older people. The SHARE data collection has been funded by the European Commission, DG RTD through FP5 (QLK6-CT-2001-00360), FP6 (SHARE-I3: RII-CT-2006-062193, COMPARE: CIT5-CT-2005-028857, SHARELIFE: CIT4-CT-2006-028812), FP7 (SHARE-PREP: GA N°211909, SHARE-LEAP: GA N°227822, SHARE M4: GA N°261982, DASISH: GA N°283646), Horizon 2020 (SHARE-DEV3: GA N°676536, SHARE-COHESION: GA N°870628, SERIES: GA N°654221, SSHOC: GA N°823782), and DG Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion through vs. 2015/0195, vs. 2016/0135, vs. 2018/0285, vs. 2019/0332, and vs. 2020/0313. Additional funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research, the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, the U.S. National Institute on Ageing (U01_AG09740-13S2, P01_AG005842, P01_AG08291, P30_AG12815, R21_AG025169, Y1-AG-4553-01, IAG_BSR06-11, OGHA_04-064, HHSN271201300071C, RAG052527A), and from various national funding sources is gratefully acknowledged (see www.share-project.org, accessed on 18 November 2020). © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).