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The Mozambique Channel, a complex domain composed of passive margins and oceanic crust affected by younger strike-slip and volcanic activity, is still poorly studied for surface heat flow. We present 33 new marine-type heat flow estimations acquired offshore in 2014-2015 during the MOZ cruises, completed with 4 new heat flow values derived from reappraised old well sites (PAMELA project). Offshore heat flow is generally low to normal and does not display strong variations. As poor data coverage persists in large parts of the area, we performed a heat flow prediction mapping using the similarity method. Based on an extrapolation of old and new data guided by 14 geological and geophysical proxies, we obtain on a 0.1 • × 0.1 • grid a predicted heat flow and its uncertainty from the statistics of all values at global grid points with similar proxies. We succeeded to obtain good predictability on 70% of pixels and an RMS error <2.3 mW/m 2. The proxies selected for the prediction include a map of genetic domains, sediment thickness, topography and bathymetry, crustal ages, Curie point depth, Free air anomaly, distances to volcanoes, tectonic structures and continent-ocean boundaries. The new Mozambique heat flow map shows a predominantly low offshore heat flow of around 50 mW/m 2 , associated with the Jurassic and early Cretaceous age of the oceanic crust. Several heat flow anomalies standoff to this background heat flow with two main orientations: low heat flow anomalies with a N-S orientation and high anomalies with a mostly NE-SW orientation, which are linked mainly to tectonic structures. International audience

The interpretability of ML models is important, but it is not clear what it amounts to. So far, most philosophers have discussed the lack of interpretability of black-box models such as neural networks, and methods such as explainable AI that aim to make these models more transparent. The goal of this paper is to clarify the nature of interpretability by focussing on the other end of the 'interpretability spectrum'. The reasons why some models, linear models and decision trees, are highly interpretable will be examined, and also how more general models, MARS and GAM, retain some degree of interpretability. I find that while there is heterogeneity in how we gain interpretability, what interpretability is in particular cases can be explicated in a clear manner. Comment: 22 pages, 4 figures

During marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 2, the Swiss Plateau temporarily hosted large piedmont lobe glaciers that retreated after their maximum advance back to the fringe of the Alps. The presence of moraines in this region indicates that overall glacier recession was punctuated by repeated phases of ice-marginal stability and re-advances. The timing of these events in the region formerly covered by the eastern lobe of the Rhône (or Valais) glacier has been controversial but remains poorly constrained due to the lack of chronological data. To fill this gap, 10Be cosmic-ray exposure (CRE) dating was applied to erratic boulders inside the assumed MIS 2 maximum extent of this piedmont lobe. Erratic boulders close to the suspected MIS 2 maximum extent gave unrealistically young CRE ages. Erratic boulders at a presumably younger ice-marginal position (Brästenberg position) yielded an average age of ~19 ka, consistent with recalibrated basal radiocarbon ages from lakes and recomputed radiocarbon ages from large Late Pleistocene mammals buried in glacio-fluvial deposits. However, several erratic boulders beyond the Brästenberg position gave internally consistent, but stratigraphically too young ages of ~17 ka. We cannot rule out that glacier recession from the Brästenberg position began no later than ~17 ka. CRE dating of a moraine of a presumably younger ice-marginal position (Solothurn position) gave unrealistically old ages and an incredibly young age (86 ka, 41 ka, and 4 ka). 14C CRE dating should be applied to check whether the boulders associated with the Solothurn and Brästenberg positions were previously exposed to cosmicradiation. Nevertheless, despite outlying ages, the presented chronological data contribute to an overall consistent and increasingly refined chronology of the last deglaciation of the Swiss Plateau when compared with 59 previously published CRE ages.

Deep Learning hat bereits neue Erkenntnisse in den digitalen Geisteswissenschaften ermöglicht. Vormoderne Sprachen und Sprachen des globalen Südens bringen allerdings Herausforderungen mit sich, die aktuell diesen analytischen Zugriff in diesem Bereich noch nicht erlauben. Das Projekt "The Flow" entwickelt Lösungen für solche historische Korpora in den Bereichen Handschriftenerkennung, Entitätsidentifikation, Event-Extraktion, Topic Modeling und Clustering. Die Entwicklung der Webanwendung nopaque zielt darauf ab, diese bestehenden Methoden bzw. Werkzeuge in einem übergreifenden Workflow zu verbinden. Der Workshop stellt den aktuellen Stand von nopaque bzw. den Workflow vor. Ziel ist es, bei der Etablierung eines allgemein anwendbaren Workflows für Deep Learning die Vielfalt der Quellen und geisteswissenschaftlichen Forschung zu berücksichtigen. Wir laden Teilnehmer:innen ein, Ideen und Erfahrungen einzubringen und Implementierungen für nicht standardisierte Layouts, Schriften und Sprachen zu diskutieren. Der Workshop trägt dazu bei, unser Projektziel zu erreichen: maschinelles Lernen in allen Bereichen der Geschichtswissenschaft zugänglicher zu machen.

The carbon isotopic signature inherited from soil and epikarst processes may be modified by degassing and prior calcite precipitation (PCP) before its imprint on speleothem calcite. Despite laboratory demonstration of PCP effects on carbon isotopes and increasingly sophisticated models of the governing processes, to date, there has been limited effort to deconvolve the dual PCP and soil-epikarst components in measured speleothem isotopic time series. In this contribution, we explore the feasibility, advantages, and disadvantages of using trace element ratios and δ⁴⁴Ca to remove the overprinting effect of PCP on measured δ¹³C to infer the temporal variations in the initial δ¹³C of drip water prior to degassing and PCP. In nine examined stalagmites, the most widely utilized PCP indicators Mg/Ca and δ⁴⁴Ca covary as expected. However, Srg/gCa does not show consistent relationships with δ⁴⁴Ca so PCP is not the dominant control on Srg/gCa. From δ⁴⁴Ca and Mg/Ca, our calculation of PCP as f_Ca, the fraction of initial Ca remaining in solution at the time the stalagmite layer is deposited, yields multiple viable solutions depending on the assumed δ⁴⁴Ca fractionation factor and inferred variation in DMg. Uncertainty in the effective fractionation of δ¹³C during degassing and precipitation contributes to uncertainty in the absolute value of estimated initial δ¹³C. Nonetheless, the trends in initial δ¹³C are less sensitive to these uncertainties. In coeval stalagmites from the same cave spanning the 94 to 82 ka interval, trends in calculated initial δ¹³C are more similar than those in measured δ¹³C and reveal a common positive-Anomaly initial δ¹³C during a stadial cooling event. During deglaciations, calculated initial δ¹³C implies a trend of greater respiration rates and higher soil CO₂, although the higher interglacial drip water saturation favors more extensive PCP. Initial δ¹³C can be estimated for active and fossil speleothems from a range of settings, wherever there is confidence that Mg/Ca and/or δ⁴⁴Ca provides a quantitative indication of past changes in PCP. Further study of Mg partitioning in speleothems will improve the robustness of Mg/Ca as a PCP proxy. Climate of the Past, 19 (12) ISSN:1814-9332 ISSN:1814-9324

Because of the mass gap, lattice QCD simulations exhibit stochastic locality: distant regions of the lattice fluctuate independently. There is a long history of exploiting this to increase statistics by obtaining multiple spatially-separated samples from each gauge field; in the extreme case, we arrive at the master-field approach in which a single gauge field is used. Here we develop techniques for studying hadronic observables using position-space correlators, which are more localized, and compare with the standard time-momentum representation. We also adapt methods for estimating the variance of an observable from autocorrelated Monte Carlo samples to the case of correlated spatially-separated samples. Journal of high energy physics 11, 167 (2023). doi:10.1007/JHEP11(2023)167 Published by SISSA, [Trieste]