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  • Mémoires en Sciences de l'Informati...

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  • Authors: Brelaud, Simon; Daccache, Jimmy; Ruani, Flavia;

    International audience; This paper aims to refine our present understanding of the use of cursive and monumental scripts in Syriac by approaching a hitherto uncharted territory for palaeography, namely epigraphy. Our reflections derive from our collective ongoing projects "E-Twoto-Digital Paleography of Syriac Inscriptions" and "Recueil des Inscriptions Syriaques de Turquie". The selected corpus consists of inscriptions and graffiti from the provinces of Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa, and Mardin, dated between the fifth and the thirteenth centuries. The examples are analysed according to the shape of the letters and other palaeographic elements such as the layout of the inscriptions, including the setup of the lines of writing and line-justification. They are then compared to earlier evidence, namely Edessan inscriptions (first-third centuries CE) as well as administrative documents, in order to retrace the evolution of the cursive writing over time and space. Attention will be paid to media (mosaics and stone) and an analysis of two particular letters, ʾolaf and he, will be presented as case studies. Finally, this chapter addresses the scripts used in paratextual elements and graffiti to offer a comprehensive overview of Syriac cursive and monumental scripts.

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    Authors: Enrique Wulff;

    International audience; The National Library of Spain (NLS, Biblioteca Nacional de España [BNE]) for the target audience of digital humanities (DH), within the last two decades, has taken up major challenges to be into line with other main national libraries (France, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany, and the Library of Congress). The chapter presents NLS's success in the emerging digital scholarship and BNElab Digital Humanities (DH) projects and digital editions (e.g., the Leonardo da Vinci Madrid I & II Codices or Quixote), demonstrating the most necessary steps of libraries to take in the digital age, especially when DH is forming the mainstream and obtaining momentum. The importance of the NLS and its patrimony is in line with its commendatory policy of collaborating with a wide variety of DH projects, and with that of making its digital patrimony freely available. Through a case study of the opening up of cultural heritage data for the arts and humanities (A&H), NLS is challenged from its Semantic Web vision to find the expertise required by the key issues of contemporary digital humanities.; La Biblioteca Nacional de España (BNE) para el público objetivo de las humanidades digitales (HD), en las últimas dos décadas ha asumido grandes retos para estar a la altura de otras grandes bibliotecas nacionales (Francia, Países Bajos, Reino Unido, Alemania y la Biblioteca del Congreso). El capítulo presenta el éxito de la BNE en los proyectos de cultura digital, BNElab y ediciones digitales (por ejemplo, los Códices Leonardo da Vinci Madrid I y II o el Quijote), presentando los pasos necesarios que las bibliotecas deben tomar en la era digital, especialmente cuando las HD están convirtiéndose en la corriente principal y ganando impulso. La importancia de la BNE y su patrimonio está en línea con su política de colaborar con una amplia variedad de proyectos de HD, y con la de hacer que su patrimonio digital esté disponible gratuitamente. A través de un estudio de caso de la apertura de los datos del patrimonio cultural para las artes y las humanidades (A&H), la BNE se enfrenta al desafío de su visión de la Web Semántica para encontrar la experiencia requerida por los temas clave de las humanidades digitales contemporáneas.; La Bibliothèque nationale d'Espagne (Biblioteca Nacional de España [BNE]) pour le public cible des humanités numériques (HN), au cours des deux dernières décennies, a relevé des défis majeurs pour s'aligner sur les autres grandes bibliothèques nationales (France, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Allemagne et Bibliothèque du Congrès). Le chapitre présente le succès de la BNE dans les projets émergents de culture numérique et de BNElab et les éditions numériques (par exemple, les codex Leonardo da Vinci Madrid I & II ou le Quichotte), montrant les étapes les plus nécessaires pour les bibliothèques à suivre à l'ère numérique, en particulier lorsque les HN forment le courant dominant et prennent de l'ampleur. L'importance de la BNE et de son patrimoine s'inscrit dans sa politique de collaboration avec une grande variété de projets HN, et dans celle de mise à disposition gratuite de son patrimoine numérique. À travers une étude de cas sur l'ouverture des données du patrimoine culturel pour les arts et les humanités (A&H), la une analyse atentive de la BNE révèle sa vision du Web sémantique pour trouver l'expertise requise par les enjeux clés des humanités numériques contemporaines.

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    https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    DIGITAL.CSIC
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2023
    Data sources: DIGITAL.CSIC
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      https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-...
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      DIGITAL.CSIC
      Part of book or chapter of book . 2023
      Data sources: DIGITAL.CSIC
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    Authors: Caravaca, Gwénaël;

    While the planet Mars is today a dry and cold wasteland dominated by aeolian processes, a large diversity of geomorphologies observed from orbit suggests that aqueous processes took place there. Most of these morphologies implies the presence of developed fluvial networks at the surface of the planet about 3.5 Ga ago. However, the precise conditions behind the formation of these valleys and the climate they evolved in are still being debated, as some of them could be linked to episodic events set in a cold climate. For more than a decade now, the rovers Curiosity and Perseverance helped to shed light on these questions thanks to a detailed in situ analysis of fluvial and lacustrine deposits.The Curiosity rover landed in August 2012 in Gale crater, and since then observed more than 500 meters of a sedimentary succession including lacustrine mudstones and fluvial sandstones and conglomerates. Locally, clay minerals have been observed to make as much as 30 % of the bulk composition, with a substantial degree of chemical alteration, highlighting the role of water in the rock formation processes. The succession, and locally alternation and interfingering of fluvial and lacustrine facies suggest rapid and marked evolutions of the depositional setting, in relation with changing environmental and climatic parameters. However, no (peri-)glacial facies has been found to date, even if glacial processes could have affected those terrains later in their history.In February 2021, the Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, which was chosen after the observation from orbit of both a large-scale fan-shaped edifice and the presence of clay and carbonate minerals. Remote observations of the fan and its remnants allowed to identify characteristic sigmoid structures of a deltaic architecture (bottomsets-foresets-topsets), confirming the presence of a perennial lake at the time of the deposition. Observations from both rovers illustrate that liquid water was not ephemeral at the surface of Mars. Nevertheless, the duration and extent of these processes are still yet to be exactly constrained. The detailed analysis of the delta by Perseverance and the returned samples on Earth (by a future mission early in the 2030’s) would hopefully allow to constrain these chronological questions, as well as to allow to look for potential biosignatures. International audience

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    Depuis les années quatre vingt, la recherche historique a su distinguer les deux types d’habitat seigneurial caractéristiques du Moyen Âge mais généralement confondus dans le vocabulaire des époques postérieures, le château et la maison forte. L’ouvrage de Gérard Giuliato et de ses collaborateurs offre une des seules monographies exhaustives de maison forte, type habituel de résidence de la petite et moyenne aristocratie à partir du XIIIe siècle. Il se signale par l’étude croisée des sources écrites et des apports de la fouille archéologique prolongés par les recherches en laboratoire. Cette approche pluridisciplinaire permet de restituer avec précision les conditions de vie d’une famille seigneuriale lorraine à la fin du Moyen Âge et au cours de la Renaissance jusqu’à la destruction de l’édifice en 1611. Blottie dans un méandre encaissé de la Moselle à Richardménil (Meurthe-et-Moselle), cette petite résidence rurale présente une série d’adaptations liées à l’évolution des techniques militaires tandis que les unités stratigraphiques parfaitement conservées témoignent des étapes de son histoire. Le mobilier archéologique, par son abondance et sa diversité, constitue un témoignage exceptionnel de la culture matérielle de l’époque et, à ce titre, il est destiné à être présenté au public au Musée lorrain.

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    Authors: Vandenbussche, Robert;

    Les historiens de la première Guerre mondiale, ont forgé le concept de « culture de guerre » pour désigner les phénomènes culturels que fait naître le premier conflit mondial : essor de la propagande, d’idéologies marquées par l’intensité et la violence, mise en valeur du « héros ». En choisissant ce thème « Culture, occupation, résistance » nous souhaitons, en référence à 1914-1918 poser cette interrogation : la Seconde Guerre mondiale engendre-t-elle également une « culture de guerre » ? Cette question peut surprendre car les conjonctures ne se ressemblent pas. La « culture de guerre » naît et se développe à partir de sociétés en guerre dont le territoire est libre d’invasion ou d’occupation et d’États qui n’ont conclu aucun armistice et qui exploitent la culture pour justifier leur combat. L’État français, en 1940, en choisissant la collaboration avec l’Allemagne nazie, ne se met pas en situation d’aider à la diffusion d’une culture de guerre analogue à celle de 1914-1918 et encourage plutôt la soumission de la société française aux exigences de l’occupant. Néanmoins, dans sa volonté de conduire la « révolution nationale », il se propose de combattre une démocratie républicaine méprisée et de mener, en quelque sorte, une offensive intérieure après avoir suspendu la guerre extérieure. Il n’hésite pas à utiliser l’art et la culture sous toutes leurs formes pour y parvenir. C’est cette perspective que le colloque de Bondues s’est efforcé d’appréhender...

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    Authors: Kuiying, Zhao;

    Conceptual art plays a crucial and continuous role in the generation and development of contemporary art, and thus is also the reference point of contemporary art. Conceptual art is an art centered on ideas, and it is dominated by the use of language. These two characteristics have induced three important tendencies of de-materialization, anti-formalism, and anti-visual aesthetics in contemporary art. It is these three tendencies that have led to a new understanding and evaluation of the value of work or labor in contemporary art. Put briefly, contemporary artists pay more attention to the concept value, process value, and Complex Polysensoriality value of art work, rather than the physical object value, commodity value, and visual aesthetic value in the past. These changes are not only caused by art itself, but also have root and basis in techonology, philosophy, society, and the existing condition of human beings, which raises further questions.

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    Authors: Georges, Raphaël;

    « Ils ont des droits sur nous ! » Comme le rappelle cette formule célèbre de Georges Clemenceau, les anciens combattants français jouissent après la Première Guerre mondiale d’une supériorité morale fondée sur une victoire obtenue au prix de lourds sacrifices. Une catégorie de vétérans ne partage cependant pas ce prestige. Les Alsaciens-Lorrains, en effet, ne sont devenus français qu’au terme du traité de Versailles, à la faveur du retour de l’Alsace-Lorraine à la France. Avant cela, ils ont vécu la guerre dans les rangs de l’armée allemande. Après l’armistice, leur retour dans une province désormais française s’apparente à un nouveau « parcours du combattant ». Aux difficultés du passage de la vie militaire à la vie civile s’ajoute la nécessité d’apprendre à vivre avec le poids de ce passé encombrant, voire stigmatisant. Ils n’éprouvent pas moins la volonté de faire valoir leur propre droit à reconnaissance car, s’ils n’ont pas combattu du côté des vainqueurs, ils ont en commun avec eux d’avoir partagé les mêmes souffrances. Ce qui se joue en toile de fond n’est rien de moins que leur intégration à la nation française, et celle-ci passe par l’élaboration de nouvelles normes sociales. 

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    Authors: Kowalska-Leder, Justyna;

    Książka Justyny Kowalskiej-Leder jest książką ważną, odważną, a i nowatorską. Widać to na tle wielu znaczących przecież publikacji dotyczących Zagłady wydanych w Polsce w ostatnich latach, a może właśnie dopiero na tle tychże prac. Stanowi świetną i niezwykle sumienną rekapitulację, ale i rewizję ustaleń dotychczasowych. Autorka wskazując na złożoność relacji pomocowych proponuje perspektywę badań do tej pory na gruncie polskim nie podejmowaną. Zwraca uwagę na nieoczywistość kategorii epistemologicznych i kwalifikacji etycznych zazwyczaj używanych w opisie doświadczeń granicznych. Wydobywa chętnie pomijaną moralną ambiwalencję widoczną w postawach i w relacjach ofiar, świadków i ratujących. Również konsekwencje po - mijania splotu ambiwalencji czynnych w konstruowaniu krytycznego namysłu nad pamięcią indywidualną, namysłu nad uwikłaną w historyczne zaszłości pamięcią zbiorową, a wreszcie nad debatą publiczną na temat polskiego doświadczenia wojny i Zagłady. Te zabiegi prowadzą do krytycznej refleksji nad pojęciami używanymi do konceptualizacji stosunku Żydów i Polaków (i odwrotnie) i nad emocjonalną intensywnością debaty – zarówno tej publicystycznej, jak i naukowej. Nie bez znaczenia jest też i to, że autorka podnosi rolę zaniedbywanych do tej pory czynników różnicujących doświadczenia związane z Zagładą, takich jak płeć, wiek, stan cywilny, poziom edukacji, pochodzenie klasowe oraz czynniki osobowościowe i psychologiczne – słowem, podkreśla wagę miejsca, z którego mówi i działa podmiot świadczący/świadkujący. (Prof. Marek Zaleski) The book by Justyna Kowalska-Leder is an important, daring and novel work. This is evident against the backdrop of the many significant publications relating to the Holocaust published in Poland in recent years, or maybe it is precisely because of the context of these works. It constitutes a fantastic and unusually diligent recapitulation, as well as revision, of what had been settled to date. In pointing to the complexity of the aid relationships, the author proposes a research perspective which has previously not been used in Poland. She highlights the ambiguity of epistemological categories and ethical qualifications usually used to describe limit situations. The author unearths the, keenly evaded, moral ambivalence seen in the attitudes and testimonies of victims, witnesses, and rescuers. She also considers the consequences of omitting the tangle of ambivalence which is active in constructing a critical reflection on individual memories, on collective memory, embroiled in historical events, and, finally, on the political debate on the Polish experience of the war and the Holocaust. These devices lead to a critical study of the notions used to conceptualise the approach of the Jews to the Poles (and vice-versa), and of the emotional intensity of both the journalistic and academic debate. It is not without significance that the author flags the role of the (up to now) neglected factors differentiating the experiences relating to the Holocaust, such as gender, age, marital status, level of education, class, or the personal and psychological elements: that is, she emphasises the importance of the position, from which the testifying/witnessing subject speaks and acts. (Prof. Marek Zaleski) 

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    Authors: Janicka, Elżbieta; Żukowski, Tomasz;

    Interesowały nas zjawiska komentowane w polskiej i zagranicznej debacie publicznej jako znak przemiany świadomości społecznej i „nowe otwarcie w stosunkach polsko-żydowskich” na przełomie pierwszego i drugiego dziesięciolecia XXI wieku. Pytaliśmy, czy istotnie mamy do czynienia z nową narracją o przeszłości. Czy i jak dalece przekształciły się warunki opowieści, a wraz z nimi zbiorowe imaginarium współtworzące społeczno-kulturową ramę porządkującą wiedzę rzeczową, której dostarczają badania nad Zagładą z ostatnich kilkunastu lat? Pytaliśmy też, czy i jak zmieniło się wyobrażenie dominującej większości o sobie samej oraz jej stosunek do własnej historii i tożsamości. Czy następuje i na jakich warunkach przebiega inkluzja wszystkich poddanych dawniej antysemickiemu wykluczeniu? Oglądowi poddaliśmy film Po-lin Jolanty Dylewskiej (2008), rekonstrukcję likwidacji getta w Będzinie (2010), akcje Tęsknię za tobą Żydzie i Płonie stodoła Rafała Betlejewskiego (2010), upamiętnienia gettowego mostu nad ulicą Chłodną w Warszawie (1996, 2007-2011) oraz warszawski Dom Kereta (2012). Analiza tych inicjatyw artystycznych i wydarzeń kulturalnych, powodowanych najlepszymi intencjami, skłoniła nas do wniosku, że głos mniejszości wprowadzony do głównego nurtu dyskursu podlega ograniczającym wymogom, naciskom i hierarchiom, które w dużym stopniu przypominają dawne formy dyskryminacji. Co więcej, opresja definicyjna w stosunku do mniejszości – przekształcająca podmiot w przedmiot – nie jest ani dekonstruowana, ani przezwyciężana. Przeciwnie: ma się dobrze. Polega zaś na przemocy filosemickiej. The authors were interested in the phenomena discussed in the Polish and foreign public debate as a sign of change in social awareness and a‘new openness in Polish-Jewish relations’ at the turn of the second decade of the twenty-first century. The authors pose a question as to whether we really face a new narrative about the past. The authors wanted to know whether, and to what extent, the conditions of the narrative have changed, together with the collective imaginarium contributing to the socio-cultural frame that organises the subject knowledge and is derived from research on the Holocaust, carried out in the last several years. The authors also asked whether, and how, the self-opinion of the dominant majority and its attitude to its own past and present have changed. Does the inclusion of all those who were formerly subjected to anti-Semitic violence happen? If yes, on what conditions? The authors examined Jolanta Dylewska’s film Po-lin (2008), the re-enactment of the liquidation of the Będzin ghetto (2010), RafałBetlejewski’s projects entitled Tęsknię za tobą, Żydzie[I miss you, Jew] and Płoniestodoła[The Burning Barn] (2010), commemorations of the ghetto footbridge over Chłodna Street in Warsaw (1996, 2007–2011), and Keret’s House in Warsaw (2012). The analysis of these artistic initiatives and cultural events, backed by the best of intentions, led the authors to the conclusion that the voice of the minority introduced into the mainstream of discourse is subject to restricting requirements, pressures and hierarchies, which very much resemble the old forms of discrimination. Furthermore, definitional oppression towards the minority, which transforms a subject into an object, is neither deconstructed nor subjugated. Quite the opposite: it is doing well. It consists in philo-Semitic violence.

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    Zestawienie Hiroszima–Nagasaki i Holokaust budzi odmienne reakcje w Japonii i na Zachodzie. (…) Artykuły zawarte w książce poruszają następujące zagadnienia: 1) pamięć i narracja o Zagładzie w Polsce, 2) recepcja Holokaustu i innych wydarzeń wojennych w Japonii, 3) dyskurs społeczno-polityczny na temat zrzucenia bomby atomowej na Hiroszimę i Nagasaki. Biorąc za punkt wyjścia te dwa wydarzenia: Zagładę oraz zrzucenie bomby atomowej, zamierzamy stworzyć platformę do poszukiwania podobieństw i różnic między pamięcią o II wojnie światowej, jaka funkcjonuje w przestrzeni krajów różniących się położeniem geograficznym, powojenną historią, geopolityką, jak Polska i Japonia. Juxtaposing Hiroshima-Nagasaki with the Holocaust provokes different reactions in Japan and in the West. The articles included in the book explore the following topics: 1. memory and the narrative of the Holocaust in Poland, 2. reception of the Holocaust and other wartime occurrences in Japan, 3. the socio-political discourse on the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Taking these two events, the Holocaust and the dropping of the atomic bomb, as a starting point, the authors intend to create a platform for searching for the similarities and differences between the memory of World War II as it is in Poland and Japan: countries with different geographical locations, post-war histories and geopolitics.

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  • Authors: Brelaud, Simon; Daccache, Jimmy; Ruani, Flavia;

    International audience; This paper aims to refine our present understanding of the use of cursive and monumental scripts in Syriac by approaching a hitherto uncharted territory for palaeography, namely epigraphy. Our reflections derive from our collective ongoing projects "E-Twoto-Digital Paleography of Syriac Inscriptions" and "Recueil des Inscriptions Syriaques de Turquie". The selected corpus consists of inscriptions and graffiti from the provinces of Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa, and Mardin, dated between the fifth and the thirteenth centuries. The examples are analysed according to the shape of the letters and other palaeographic elements such as the layout of the inscriptions, including the setup of the lines of writing and line-justification. They are then compared to earlier evidence, namely Edessan inscriptions (first-third centuries CE) as well as administrative documents, in order to retrace the evolution of the cursive writing over time and space. Attention will be paid to media (mosaics and stone) and an analysis of two particular letters, ʾolaf and he, will be presented as case studies. Finally, this chapter addresses the scripts used in paratextual elements and graffiti to offer a comprehensive overview of Syriac cursive and monumental scripts.

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    Authors: Enrique Wulff;

    International audience; The National Library of Spain (NLS, Biblioteca Nacional de España [BNE]) for the target audience of digital humanities (DH), within the last two decades, has taken up major challenges to be into line with other main national libraries (France, The Netherlands, United Kingdom, Germany, and the Library of Congress). The chapter presents NLS's success in the emerging digital scholarship and BNElab Digital Humanities (DH) projects and digital editions (e.g., the Leonardo da Vinci Madrid I & II Codices or Quixote), demonstrating the most necessary steps of libraries to take in the digital age, especially when DH is forming the mainstream and obtaining momentum. The importance of the NLS and its patrimony is in line with its commendatory policy of collaborating with a wide variety of DH projects, and with that of making its digital patrimony freely available. Through a case study of the opening up of cultural heritage data for the arts and humanities (A&H), NLS is challenged from its Semantic Web vision to find the expertise required by the key issues of contemporary digital humanities.; La Biblioteca Nacional de España (BNE) para el público objetivo de las humanidades digitales (HD), en las últimas dos décadas ha asumido grandes retos para estar a la altura de otras grandes bibliotecas nacionales (Francia, Países Bajos, Reino Unido, Alemania y la Biblioteca del Congreso). El capítulo presenta el éxito de la BNE en los proyectos de cultura digital, BNElab y ediciones digitales (por ejemplo, los Códices Leonardo da Vinci Madrid I y II o el Quijote), presentando los pasos necesarios que las bibliotecas deben tomar en la era digital, especialmente cuando las HD están convirtiéndose en la corriente principal y ganando impulso. La importancia de la BNE y su patrimonio está en línea con su política de colaborar con una amplia variedad de proyectos de HD, y con la de hacer que su patrimonio digital esté disponible gratuitamente. A través de un estudio de caso de la apertura de los datos del patrimonio cultural para las artes y las humanidades (A&H), la BNE se enfrenta al desafío de su visión de la Web Semántica para encontrar la experiencia requerida por los temas clave de las humanidades digitales contemporáneas.; La Bibliothèque nationale d'Espagne (Biblioteca Nacional de España [BNE]) pour le public cible des humanités numériques (HN), au cours des deux dernières décennies, a relevé des défis majeurs pour s'aligner sur les autres grandes bibliothèques nationales (France, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Allemagne et Bibliothèque du Congrès). Le chapitre présente le succès de la BNE dans les projets émergents de culture numérique et de BNElab et les éditions numériques (par exemple, les codex Leonardo da Vinci Madrid I & II ou le Quichotte), montrant les étapes les plus nécessaires pour les bibliothèques à suivre à l'ère numérique, en particulier lorsque les HN forment le courant dominant et prennent de l'ampleur. L'importance de la BNE et de son patrimoine s'inscrit dans sa politique de collaboration avec une grande variété de projets HN, et dans celle de mise à disposition gratuite de son patrimoine numérique. À travers une étude de cas sur l'ouverture des données du patrimoine culturel pour les arts et les humanités (A&H), la une analyse atentive de la BNE révèle sa vision du Web sémantique pour trouver l'expertise requise par les enjeux clés des humanités numériques contemporaines.

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    https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Part of book or chapter of book . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Caravaca, Gwénaël;

    While the planet Mars is today a dry and cold wasteland dominated by aeolian processes, a large diversity of geomorphologies observed from orbit suggests that aqueous processes took place there. Most of these morphologies implies the presence of developed fluvial networks at the surface of the planet about 3.5 Ga ago. However, the precise conditions behind the formation of these valleys and the climate they evolved in are still being debated, as some of them could be linked to episodic events set in a cold climate. For more than a decade now, the rovers Curiosity and Perseverance helped to shed light on these questions thanks to a detailed in situ analysis of fluvial and lacustrine deposits.The Curiosity rover landed in August 2012 in Gale crater, and since then observed more than 500 meters of a sedimentary succession including lacustrine mudstones and fluvial sandstones and conglomerates. Locally, clay minerals have been observed to make as much as 30 % of the bulk composition, with a substantial degree of chemical alteration, highlighting the role of water in the rock formation processes. The succession, and locally alternation and interfingering of fluvial and lacustrine facies suggest rapid and marked evolutions of the depositional setting, in relation with changing environmental and climatic parameters. However, no (peri-)glacial facies has been found to date, even if glacial processes could have affected those terrains later in their history.In February 2021, the Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, which was chosen after the observation from orbit of both a large-scale fan-shaped edifice and the presence of clay and carbonate minerals. Remote observations of the fan and its remnants allowed to identify characteristic sigmoid structures of a deltaic architecture (bottomsets-foresets-topsets), confirming the presence of a perennial lake at the time of the deposition. Observations from both rovers illustrate that liquid water was not ephemeral at the surface of Mars. Nevertheless, the duration and extent of these processes are still yet to be exactly constrained. The detailed analysis of the delta by Perseverance and the returned samples on Earth (by a future mission early in the 2030’s) would hopefully allow to constrain these chronological questions, as well as to allow to look for potential biosignatures. International audience

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    Depuis les années quatre vingt, la recherche historique a su distinguer les deux types d’habitat seigneurial caractéristiques du Moyen Âge mais généralement confondus dans le vocabulaire des époques postérieures, le château et la maison forte. L’ouvrage de Gérard Giuliato et de ses collaborateurs offre une des seules monographies exhaustives de maison forte, type habituel de résidence de la petite et moyenne aristocratie à partir du XIIIe siècle. Il se signale par l’étude croisée des sources écrites et des apports de la fouille archéologique prolongés par les recherches en laboratoire. Cette approche pluridisciplinaire permet de restituer avec précision les conditions de vie d’une famille seigneuriale lorraine à la fin du Moyen Âge et au cours de la Renaissance jusqu’à la destruction de l’édifice en 1611. Blottie dans un méandre encaissé de la Moselle à Richardménil (Meurthe-et-Moselle), cette petite résidence rurale présente une série d’adaptations liées à l’évolution des techniques militaires tandis que les unités stratigraphiques parfaitement conservées témoignent des étapes de son histoire. Le mobilier archéologique, par son abondance et sa diversité, constitue un témoignage exceptionnel de la culture matérielle de l’époque et, à ce titre, il est destiné à être présenté au public au Musée lorrain.

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    Authors: Vandenbussche, Robert;

    Les historiens de la première Guerre mondiale, ont forgé le concept de « culture de guerre » pour désigner les phénomènes culturels que fait naître le premier conflit mondial : essor de la propagande, d’idéologies marquées par l’intensité et la violence, mise en valeur du « héros ». En choisissant ce thème « Culture, occupation, résistance » nous souhaitons, en référence à 1914-1918 poser cette interrogation : la Seconde Guerre mondiale engendre-t-elle également une « culture de guerre » ? Cette question peut surprendre car les conjonctures ne se ressemblent pas. La « culture de guerre » naît et se développe à partir de sociétés en guerre dont le territoire est libre d’invasion ou d’occupation et d’États qui n’ont conclu aucun armistice et qui exploitent la culture pour justifier leur combat. L’État français, en 1940, en choisissant la collaboration avec l’Allemagne nazie, ne se met pas en situation d’aider à la diffusion d’une culture de guerre analogue à celle de 1914-1918 et encourage plutôt la soumission de la société française aux exigences de l’occupant. Néanmoins, dans sa volonté de conduire la « révolution nationale », il se propose de combattre une démocratie républicaine méprisée et de mener, en quelque sorte, une offensive intérieure après avoir suspendu la guerre extérieure. Il n’hésite pas à utiliser l’art et la culture sous toutes leurs formes pour y parvenir. C’est cette perspective que le colloque de Bondues s’est efforcé d’appréhender...

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    Authors: Kuiying, Zhao;

    Conceptual art plays a crucial and continuous role in the generation and development of contemporary art, and thus is also the reference point of contemporary art. Conceptual art is an art centered on ideas, and it is dominated by the use of language. These two characteristics have induced three important tendencies of de-materialization, anti-formalism, and anti-visual aesthetics in contemporary art. It is these three tendencies that have led to a new understanding and evaluation of the value of work or labor in contemporary art. Put briefly, contemporary artists pay more attention to the concept value, process value, and Complex Polysensoriality value of art work, rather than the physical object value, commodity value, and visual aesthetic value in the past. These changes are not only caused by art itself, but also have root and basis in techonology, philosophy, society, and the existing condition of human beings, which raises further questions.

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    Authors: Georges, Raphaël;

    « Ils ont des droits sur nous ! » Comme le rappelle cette formule célèbre de Georges Clemenceau, les anciens combattants français jouissent après la Première Guerre mondiale d’une supériorité morale fondée sur une victoire obtenue au prix de lourds sacrifices. Une catégorie de vétérans ne partage cependant pas ce prestige. Les Alsaciens-Lorrains, en effet, ne sont devenus français qu’au terme du traité de Versailles, à la faveur du retour de l’Alsace-Lorraine à la France. Avant cela, ils ont vécu la guerre dans les rangs de l’armée allemande. Après l’armistice, leur retour dans une province désormais française s’apparente à un nouveau « parcours du combattant ». Aux difficultés du passage de la vie militaire à la vie civile s’ajoute la nécessité d’apprendre à vivre avec le poids de ce passé encombrant, voire stigmatisant. Ils n’éprouvent pas moins la volonté de faire valoir leur propre droit à reconnaissance car, s’ils n’ont pas combattu du côté des vainqueurs, ils ont en commun avec eux d’avoir partagé les mêmes souffrances. Ce qui se joue en toile de fond n’est rien de moins que leur intégration à la nation française, et celle-ci passe par l’élaboration de nouvelles normes sociales. 

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    Authors: Kowalska-Leder, Justyna;

    Książka Justyny Kowalskiej-Leder jest książką ważną, odważną, a i nowatorską. Widać to na tle wielu znaczących przecież publikacji dotyczących Zagłady wydanych w Polsce w ostatnich latach, a może właśnie dopiero na tle tychże prac. Stanowi świetną i niezwykle sumienną rekapitulację, ale i rewizję ustaleń dotychczasowych. Autorka wskazując na złożoność relacji pomocowych proponuje perspektywę badań do tej pory na gruncie polskim nie podejmowaną. Zwraca uwagę na nieoczywistość kategorii epistemologicznych i kwalifikacji etycznych zazwyczaj używanych w opisie doświadczeń granicznych. Wydobywa chętnie pomijaną moralną ambiwalencję widoczną w postawach i w relacjach ofiar, świadków i ratujących. Również konsekwencje po - mijania splotu ambiwalencji czynnych w konstruowaniu krytycznego namysłu nad pamięcią indywidualną, namysłu nad uwikłaną w historyczne zaszłości pamięcią zbiorową, a wreszcie nad debatą publiczną na temat polskiego doświadczenia wojny i Zagłady. Te zabiegi prowadzą do krytycznej refleksji nad pojęciami używanymi do konceptualizacji stosunku Żydów i Polaków (i odwrotnie) i nad emocjonalną intensywnością debaty – zarówno tej publicystycznej, jak i naukowej. Nie bez znaczenia jest też i to, że autorka podnosi rolę zaniedbywanych do tej pory czynników różnicujących doświadczenia związane z Zagładą, takich jak płeć, wiek, stan cywilny, poziom edukacji, pochodzenie klasowe oraz czynniki osobowościowe i psychologiczne – słowem, podkreśla wagę miejsca, z którego mówi i działa podmiot świadczący/świadkujący. (Prof. Marek Zaleski) The book by Justyna Kowalska-Leder is an important, daring and novel work. This is evident against the backdrop of the many significant publications relating to the Holocaust published in Poland in recent years, or maybe it is precisely because of the context of these works. It constitutes a fantastic and unusually diligent recapitulation, as well as revision, of what had been settled to date. In pointing to the complexity of the aid relationships, the author proposes a research perspective which has previously not been used in Poland. She highlights the ambiguity of epistemological categories and ethical qualifications usually used to describe limit situations. The author unearths the, keenly evaded, moral ambivalence seen in the attitudes and testimonies of victims, witnesses, and rescuers. She also considers the consequences of omitting the tangle of ambivalence which is active in constructing a critical reflection on individual memories, on collective memory, embroiled in historical events, and, finally, on the political debate on the Polish experience of the war and the Holocaust. These devices lead to a critical study of the notions used to conceptualise the approach of the Jews to the Poles (and vice-versa), and of the emotional intensity of both the journalistic and academic debate. It is not without significance that the author flags the role of the (up to now) neglected factors differentiating the experiences relating to the Holocaust, such as gender, age, marital status, level of education, class, or the personal and psychological elements: that is, she emphasises the importance of the position, from which the testifying/witnessing subject speaks and acts. (Prof. Marek Zaleski) 

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    Authors: Janicka, Elżbieta; Żukowski, Tomasz;

    Interesowały nas zjawiska komentowane w polskiej i zagranicznej debacie publicznej jako znak przemiany świadomości społecznej i „nowe otwarcie w stosunkach polsko-żydowskich” na przełomie pierwszego i drugiego dziesięciolecia XXI wieku. Pytaliśmy, czy istotnie mamy do czynienia z nową narracją o przeszłości. Czy i jak dalece przekształciły się warunki opowieści, a wraz z nimi zbiorowe imaginarium współtworzące społeczno-kulturową ramę porządkującą wiedzę rzeczową, której dostarczają badania nad Zagładą z ostatnich kilkunastu lat? Pytaliśmy też, czy i jak zmieniło się wyobrażenie dominującej większości o sobie samej oraz jej stosunek do własnej historii i tożsamości. Czy następuje i na jakich warunkach przebiega inkluzja wszystkich poddanych dawniej antysemickiemu wykluczeniu? Oglądowi poddaliśmy film Po-lin Jolanty Dylewskiej (2008), rekonstrukcję likwidacji getta w Będzinie (2010), akcje Tęsknię za tobą Żydzie i Płonie stodoła Rafała Betlejewskiego (2010), upamiętnienia gettowego mostu nad ulicą Chłodną w Warszawie (1996, 2007-2011) oraz warszawski Dom Kereta (2012). Analiza tych inicjatyw artystycznych i wydarzeń kulturalnych, powodowanych najlepszymi intencjami, skłoniła nas do wniosku, że głos mniejszości wprowadzony do głównego nurtu dyskursu podlega ograniczającym wymogom, naciskom i hierarchiom, które w dużym stopniu przypominają dawne formy dyskryminacji. Co więcej, opresja definicyjna w stosunku do mniejszości – przekształcająca podmiot w przedmiot – nie jest ani dekonstruowana, ani przezwyciężana. Przeciwnie: ma się dobrze. Polega zaś na przemocy filosemickiej. The authors were interested in the phenomena discussed in the Polish and foreign public debate as a sign of change in social awareness and a‘new openness in Polish-Jewish relations’ at the turn of the second decade of the twenty-first century. The authors pose a question as to whether we really face a new narrative about the past. The authors wanted to know whether, and to what extent, the conditions of the narrative have changed, together with the collective imaginarium contributing to the socio-cultural frame that organises the subject knowledge and is derived from research on the Holocaust, carried out in the last several years. The authors also asked whether, and how, the self-opinion of the dominant majority and its attitude to its own past and present have changed. Does the inclusion of all those who were formerly subjected to anti-Semitic violence happen? If yes, on what conditions? The authors examined Jolanta Dylewska’s film Po-lin (2008), the re-enactment of the liquidation of the Będzin ghetto (2010), RafałBetlejewski’s projects entitled Tęsknię za tobą, Żydzie[I miss you, Jew] and Płoniestodoła[The Burning Barn] (2010), commemorations of the ghetto footbridge over Chłodna Street in Warsaw (1996, 2007–2011), and Keret’s House in Warsaw (2012). The analysis of these artistic initiatives and cultural events, backed by the best of intentions, led the authors to the conclusion that the voice of the minority introduced into the mainstream of discourse is subject to restricting requirements, pressures and hierarchies, which very much resemble the old forms of discrimination. Furthermore, definitional oppression towards the minority, which transforms a subject into an object, is neither deconstructed nor subjugated. Quite the opposite: it is doing well. It consists in philo-Semitic violence.

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    Zestawienie Hiroszima–Nagasaki i Holokaust budzi odmienne reakcje w Japonii i na Zachodzie. (…) Artykuły zawarte w książce poruszają następujące zagadnienia: 1) pamięć i narracja o Zagładzie w Polsce, 2) recepcja Holokaustu i innych wydarzeń wojennych w Japonii, 3) dyskurs społeczno-polityczny na temat zrzucenia bomby atomowej na Hiroszimę i Nagasaki. Biorąc za punkt wyjścia te dwa wydarzenia: Zagładę oraz zrzucenie bomby atomowej, zamierzamy stworzyć platformę do poszukiwania podobieństw i różnic między pamięcią o II wojnie światowej, jaka funkcjonuje w przestrzeni krajów różniących się położeniem geograficznym, powojenną historią, geopolityką, jak Polska i Japonia. Juxtaposing Hiroshima-Nagasaki with the Holocaust provokes different reactions in Japan and in the West. The articles included in the book explore the following topics: 1. memory and the narrative of the Holocaust in Poland, 2. reception of the Holocaust and other wartime occurrences in Japan, 3. the socio-political discourse on the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Taking these two events, the Holocaust and the dropping of the atomic bomb, as a starting point, the authors intend to create a platform for searching for the similarities and differences between the memory of World War II as it is in Poland and Japan: countries with different geographical locations, post-war histories and geopolitics.

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    Book . 2024
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      Book . 2024
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