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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pierrick Bocher; Marie Donnez; Audran Chenu; Tatiana Sviridova; +10 Authors

    Farmland birds are among the most threatened species in Europe, largely as a result of the intensification of agriculture leading to widespread biodiversity losses. Ground-breeding shorebirds in grassland and arable habitats are particularly exposed to human threats and predation in highly modified landscapes; however, parts of their populations still breed in natural habitats and could provide a reservoir for threatened populations. This study aimed to improve our knowledge of the spatio-temporal use of breeding habitats by Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata arquata in a core area of the population in remote north-eastern Europe. A total of 83 adult birds across Europe were tagged with GPS devices between 2014 and 2022 to analyse their home-range sizes, habitat use and hatching success. Birds were distributed at breeding sites from 52°N to 66°N between Finland and the Ural Mountains. Forty-one percent of individuals nested in bogs, 33% in grassland, and 20% in abandoned farmland. Birds nested predominantly in bogs at northern latitudes and in grassland at southern latitudes, while abandoned farmland was mainly used at intermediate latitudes. The mean home range was largest for birds breeding predominantly in grassland while birds in bogs had the highest hatching success rate. Russia and Finland host the core population of the subspecies N. a. arquata during breeding period, which is essential for preserving the species on a European scale. Their survival may depend on well-preserved bogs and the maintenance of grassland areas, given that large areas of abandoned farmland are destined to become either forest or to be reclaimed for cereal crops or fodder grass in the short and medium terms. Given the large breeding populations in both countries, Russia and Finland have major responsibilities to maintain these essential populations on a biogeographical scale. International audience

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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    HAL-Rennes 1
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: HAL-Rennes 1
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    Global Ecology and Conservation
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Global Ecology and Conservation
    Article . 2024
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      HAL-Rennes 1
      Article . 2024
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      Global Ecology and Conservation
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
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      Global Ecology and Conservation
      Article . 2024
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Le Heron, D.P.; Kettler, C.; Dietrich, Pierre; Griffis, N.; +2 Authors

    The geometry of unconformities carved by deep time ice sheets is often obscured and restricted by discontinuous exposure, or outcrop conditions that do not readily permit the examination of glacial unconformities (for example, steeply dipping strata). Here, we present new uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) data from selected outcrops across northern, central and southern Namibia to shed further light on the nature of the basal Dwyka Group unconformity. This includes the onlap relationship of basal diamictites onto the Gomatum palaeo-fjord system in northern Namibia, highly complex mapped ice flow orientations elsewhere in the northern Kaokoveld, previously undiscovered grooves along the Fish River area, and a set of subglacial grooves along the border with South Africa along the Orange River. In the latter two cases, photogrammetric methods integrating orthophotos and digital elevation models reveal the presence of subglacial grooves. Furthermore, subglacial grooves often show different orientations to striations and fabrics measured in overlying diamictites, raising fresh questions about the nature of small-scale flow variations beneath Late Palaeozoic ice sheets. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Sedimentary Geologyarrow_drop_down
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    Sedimentary Geology
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref
    HAL-Rennes 1
    Article . 2024
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Sedimentary Geologyarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Sedimentary Geology
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
      Data sources: Crossref
      HAL-Rennes 1
      Article . 2024
      License: CC BY NC ND
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  • Authors: Prévost, Camielsa; Suryanarayan, Akshyeta; Pailler, Yvan; Nicolas, Clément; +6 Authors

    Les stratégies de subsistance des premières communautés agricoles ont été mises en évidence depuis le début du Néolithique grâce à de nombreuses études sur les résidus lipidiques des récipients en céramique menées dans diverses parties de l’Europe continentale. En revanche, très peu de données sont disponibles pour la fin du Néolithique et le début de l’âge du Bronze sur la côte atlantique, en particulier en contexte insulaire. Cet article présente les résultats de l’analyse de résidus lipidiques provenant de 129 fragments de poteries de Beg ar Loued (Molène, France), un site insulaire dont les principaux vestiges datent de l’âge du Bronze ancien (c. 2700-2600 à 1800 BCE). Dans le but de comprendre l’utilisation des récipients, les pratiques culinaires sur ce site et d’appréhender les tech-niques de finition des céramiques, des analyses de résidus visibles carbonisés, de tessons, et de surfaces/couches d’engobe ont été effectuées via des analyses chromatographiques (n = 174) et isotopiques (n = 24), après extraction des lipides par solvant (n = 174) ou méthanolyse acide (n = 31). Les résultats démontrent l’utilisation extensive de produits terrestres (carcasses de ruminants et produits laitiers), comprenant occasionnellement des produits végétaux (avec un mélange probable de différentes cires), alors que la détection des produits aquatiques est faible. Comparés aux données fauniques, ces résultats indiquent donc que les produits terrestres, tels que la viande de ruminant et les produits laitiers, sont transformés en utilisant des récipients en céramiques, tandis que les produits aquatiques semblent de préférence exploités sans avoir recours à une poterie. Ces résultats démontrent l’importance de l’analyse des résidus lipidiques pour connaître le rôle des récipients en céramique dans la production et la consommation d’aliments sur les sites de la côte atlantique. The subsistence strategies of early farming communities have been highlighted since the beginning of the Neolithic, thanks to numerous studies on lipid residues from ceramic vessels conducted in various parts of continental Europe. However, after the Early Neolithic, evidence of subsistence strategies along the northern Atlantic coast are still lacking, especially for island contexts. This paper presents the results of lipid residue analysis of 129 potsherds from Beg ar Loued (Molène, France), an island site dating primarily to the Early Bronze Age (c. 2700-2600 to 1800 BCE). Aiming to understand the use of vessels, vessel treatment and culinary practices on the settlement, analyses of visible charred residues, sherds and ceramic surfaces/coating layers were carried out using chromatographic (n = 174) and isotopic techniques (n = 24) after lipid extraction by solvent (n = 174) or acid methanolysis (n = 31). The results demonstrate the extensive use of terrestrial products (ruminant carcass and dairy) in pottery, including occasional plant products (with possible mixtures of different waxes), while the detection of aquatic products is limited. Thus, combined with evidence from faunal remains at the site, the results indicate that terrestrial resources like ruminant meat and dairy products were preferentially processed in vessels, and aquatic products mostly without the use of ceramics. These findings demonstrate the significance of lipid residue analysis for studying the role of pottery in food production and consumption at sites along the Atlantic coast. International audience

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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Amélie Godard Palluet; Marie Gueguen;

    This paper introduces the Snap Hook Methodology, a method implicitly used notably in astrochemistry to indirectly validate and assess the accuracy of computational calculations in the absence of experimental or observational data. We argue that this methodology has a tremendous potential as a substitute for traditional verification and validation standards, when those are not accessible and the reliability of numerical predictions difficult to estimate. Our goal is to give to this method a proper formulation, in order for philosophers of science to enter the debate, and to highlight its interesting features in terms of interdisciplinary facilitation and knowledge transmission. International audience

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Philosophy of Scienc...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Philosophy of Science
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
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    HAL-Rennes 1
    Article . 2024
    Data sources: HAL-Rennes 1
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Philosophy of Scienc...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Philosophy of Science
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Cambridge Core User Agreement
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      HAL-Rennes 1
      Article . 2024
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  • Authors: Dupont, Catherine;

    De nombreux animaux ont été exploités dès la Préhistoire pour leur viande ou pour d’autres matières comme la peau, les os, les dents… Parmi ces animaux, le mollusque marin a souvent été délaissé des archéologues. Ce désamour peut s’expliquer car chasser du gibier en forêt est bien plus valorisé que pêcher des coquillages sur les rochers. Pourtant, les mollusques en ont autant à nous apprendre sur les populations humaines du passé que les autres animaux. Ils permettent d’aborder les évolutions des sociétés humaines d’un point de vue symbolique, économique ou sociétale. Dès la Préhistoire, les populations humaines vont différencier les coquillages qu’elles mangent de ceux dont elles utilisent la coquille. Ce constat se poursuit tout au long de la chronologie.Cette conférence est un voyage dans le temps de la Préhistoire au Moyen Age le long de nos côtes atlantiques. Vous y découvrirez une diversité insoupçonnée d’utilisations des mollusques marins : du statut de fruit de mer, au colorant voire au symbole de richesse… Elle permet de nous interroger sur notre rapport à l’animal et à la nature. Que vous ayez ou non mis un jour une coquille dans votre poche lors d’une balade sur la plage, il est à parier, que vous ne regarderez plus les coquillages comme des animaux dépourvus d’intérêt. Many animals have been exploited since prehistoric times for their meat or for other materials such as skin, bones, teeth, etc. Among these animals, marine molluscs have often been overlooked by archaeologists. This lack of interest can be explained by the fact that hunting big mammals in the forest is much more highly valued than collecting shellfish on the rocks. Yet molluscs have just as much to teach us about past human populations as other animals. They allow us to look at the evolution of human societies from a symbolic, economic or societal point of view. Since prehistoric times, human populations have differentiated between the shellfish they eat and those whose shells they use. This has been the case throughout history. This paper takes you on a travel through time, from prehistory to the Middle Ages, along our Atlantic coastline. You'll discover an unsuspected diversity of uses for marine molluscs, from seafood to colouring agents and even symbols of wealth... It's an opportunity to question our relationship with animals and nature. Whether or not you've ever put a shell in your pocket during a stroll on the beach, it's a safe bet that you'll no longer regard shellfish as uninteresting animals. International audience

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Monteil, Martial; Coquet, Nicolas; Lamy, Raphaëlle; Maines, Emma;

    Le 31 mai 1943 paraissait le premier fascicule du tome 1 de Gallia. En quatre-vingts ans d’existence, la politique éditoriale de la revue a évolué pour s’adapter aux nouvelles orientations et pratiques de son champ disciplinaire, aux évolutions des outils et supports de diffusion et à la place spécifique qu’elle occupe au sein du paysage de l’édition française. D’unité propre du CNRS à son intégration au sein du pôle éditorial de la MSH Mondes, en s’adossant aujourd’hui aux infrastructures de recherche publiques et aux différents réseaux des métiers de l’édition et de l’information scientifique et technique, Gallia poursuit les missions originelles qui lui ont été confiées, mêlant la publication scientifique et la structuration de ressources documentaires pour l’archéologie nationale. International audience

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Galliaarrow_drop_down
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    Gallia
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    OpenEdition
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: OpenEdition
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    Gallia
    Article . 2023
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      Gallia
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      OpenEdition
      Article . 2023
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      Gallia
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Meng Zhang; Madhuri Sankaranarayanapillai; Jingcheng Du; Yang Xiang; +5 Authors

    Abstract Background With more clinical trials are offering optional participation in the collection of bio-specimens for biobanking comes the increasing complexity of requirements of informed consent forms. The aim of this study is to develop an automatic natural language processing (NLP) tool to annotate informed consent documents to promote biorepository data regulation, sharing, and decision support. We collected informed consent documents from several publicly available sources, then manually annotated them, covering sentences containing permission information about the sharing of either bio-specimens or donor data, or conducting genetic research or future research using bio-specimens or donor data. Results We evaluated a variety of machine learning algorithms including random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) for the automatic identification of these sentences. 120 informed consent documents containing 29,204 sentences were annotated, of which 1250 sentences (4.28%) provide answers to a permission question. A support vector machine (SVM) model achieved a F-1 score of 0.95 on classifying the sentences when using a gold standard, which is a prefiltered corpus containing all relevant sentences. Conclusions This study provides the feasibility of using machine learning tools to classify permission-related sentences in informed consent documents.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ BMC Bioinformaticsarrow_drop_down
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    BMC Bioinformatics
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    BMC Bioinformatics
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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      BMC Bioinformatics
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      BMC Bioinformatics
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    Authors: Brazidec, Manuel; Perrichot, Vincent;

    The recently discovered amber biota from Zhangpu, China, offers a unique window into the tropical ecosystem of an Asian rainforest during the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO). Here, the first flat wasp (Bethylidae) from this deposit is documented: Parascleroderma palaeosinica n. sp. is described and figured from a single male, and is the first fossil Parascleroderma known to date. The new extinct species is characterized by its minute size, the pedicel longer than the flagellomeres, the posterior ocelli inserted much posteriad on head, the notauli not impressed on anterior third of anteromesoscutum, and the hypopygium simple, with posterior margin slightly incurved medially. Parascleroderma is a cosmopolitan genus within the Pristocerinae and it is therefore not surprising to find its record in the Zhangpu biota, simultaneously with the northern expansion of the southeastern Asian tropical forest during the MMCO. International audience

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    Palaeoworld
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Palaeoworld
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hamieh, N; Collet, Florence; Meslem, Amina;

    As global temperatures continue to rise, climate change impacts are now being observed in all aspects of life, driving the need to transition to a low-carbon economy. In the building sector and as a construction material, Earth-Hemp composites present a sustainable solution due to their low embodied energy and low environmental impact. However, at the construction site, and as with any other material, the drying process of Earth-Hemp can be very slow, which can lead to costly delays for building work and even serious problems in term of mold growth affecting their durability. The objective of this work is to develop an innovative drying method to reduce drying time of construction materials and speed up the completion of a project. In this paper, a comparative study of natural convection drying with innovative forced convection drying is carried out on sprayed Earth-Hemp-Lime "ELH" prototypes. The results show that the innovative forced convection method is very effective for drying ELH materials at an accelerated rate, where the drying period has been reduced by a factor of 2, compared to the drying time required when using the natural convection method. International audience

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    Journal of Physics : Conference Series
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      Journal of Physics : Conference Series
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Brazidec, Manuel; Perrichot, Vincent;

    The Miocene fossil record of Chrysidoidea is particularly scarce despite numbers of insect-bearing deposits available. Their record is here summarized, highlighting the overwhelming proportion of fossils from Dominican Republic amber while other deposits, e.g., Zhangpu, Mexican or Ethiopian ambers, seem promising for the study of the group but suffer from the insufficient interest in this period. We describe and figure two new species from Zhangpu, China, a rich amber biota that formed in the Asian rainforest during the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO): Sierola colomboi n. sp. (Bethylidae, the second from Zhangpu amber) and Hedychridium rosai n. sp. (Chrysididae). Sierola currently has a circum-pacific distribution with two fossils from European Eocene deposits. Four species have been recorded from China but Sierola colomboi n. sp. is the first fossil species from the country. Hedychridium is a cosmopolitan genus, the second largest within its family and Hedychridium rosai n. sp. represents its first known fossil species. International audience

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    Palaeoworld
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Palaeoworld
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pierrick Bocher; Marie Donnez; Audran Chenu; Tatiana Sviridova; +10 Authors

    Farmland birds are among the most threatened species in Europe, largely as a result of the intensification of agriculture leading to widespread biodiversity losses. Ground-breeding shorebirds in grassland and arable habitats are particularly exposed to human threats and predation in highly modified landscapes; however, parts of their populations still breed in natural habitats and could provide a reservoir for threatened populations. This study aimed to improve our knowledge of the spatio-temporal use of breeding habitats by Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata arquata in a core area of the population in remote north-eastern Europe. A total of 83 adult birds across Europe were tagged with GPS devices between 2014 and 2022 to analyse their home-range sizes, habitat use and hatching success. Birds were distributed at breeding sites from 52°N to 66°N between Finland and the Ural Mountains. Forty-one percent of individuals nested in bogs, 33% in grassland, and 20% in abandoned farmland. Birds nested predominantly in bogs at northern latitudes and in grassland at southern latitudes, while abandoned farmland was mainly used at intermediate latitudes. The mean home range was largest for birds breeding predominantly in grassland while birds in bogs had the highest hatching success rate. Russia and Finland host the core population of the subspecies N. a. arquata during breeding period, which is essential for preserving the species on a European scale. Their survival may depend on well-preserved bogs and the maintenance of grassland areas, given that large areas of abandoned farmland are destined to become either forest or to be reclaimed for cereal crops or fodder grass in the short and medium terms. Given the large breeding populations in both countries, Russia and Finland have major responsibilities to maintain these essential populations on a biogeographical scale. International audience

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    HAL-Rennes 1
    Article . 2024
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    Global Ecology and Conservation
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Global Ecology and Conservation
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      Global Ecology and Conservation
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    Authors: Le Heron, D.P.; Kettler, C.; Dietrich, Pierre; Griffis, N.; +2 Authors

    The geometry of unconformities carved by deep time ice sheets is often obscured and restricted by discontinuous exposure, or outcrop conditions that do not readily permit the examination of glacial unconformities (for example, steeply dipping strata). Here, we present new uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) data from selected outcrops across northern, central and southern Namibia to shed further light on the nature of the basal Dwyka Group unconformity. This includes the onlap relationship of basal diamictites onto the Gomatum palaeo-fjord system in northern Namibia, highly complex mapped ice flow orientations elsewhere in the northern Kaokoveld, previously undiscovered grooves along the Fish River area, and a set of subglacial grooves along the border with South Africa along the Orange River. In the latter two cases, photogrammetric methods integrating orthophotos and digital elevation models reveal the presence of subglacial grooves. Furthermore, subglacial grooves often show different orientations to striations and fabrics measured in overlying diamictites, raising fresh questions about the nature of small-scale flow variations beneath Late Palaeozoic ice sheets. International audience

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    Sedimentary Geology
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      Sedimentary Geology
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  • Authors: Prévost, Camielsa; Suryanarayan, Akshyeta; Pailler, Yvan; Nicolas, Clément; +6 Authors

    Les stratégies de subsistance des premières communautés agricoles ont été mises en évidence depuis le début du Néolithique grâce à de nombreuses études sur les résidus lipidiques des récipients en céramique menées dans diverses parties de l’Europe continentale. En revanche, très peu de données sont disponibles pour la fin du Néolithique et le début de l’âge du Bronze sur la côte atlantique, en particulier en contexte insulaire. Cet article présente les résultats de l’analyse de résidus lipidiques provenant de 129 fragments de poteries de Beg ar Loued (Molène, France), un site insulaire dont les principaux vestiges datent de l’âge du Bronze ancien (c. 2700-2600 à 1800 BCE). Dans le but de comprendre l’utilisation des récipients, les pratiques culinaires sur ce site et d’appréhender les tech-niques de finition des céramiques, des analyses de résidus visibles carbonisés, de tessons, et de surfaces/couches d’engobe ont été effectuées via des analyses chromatographiques (n = 174) et isotopiques (n = 24), après extraction des lipides par solvant (n = 174) ou méthanolyse acide (n = 31). Les résultats démontrent l’utilisation extensive de produits terrestres (carcasses de ruminants et produits laitiers), comprenant occasionnellement des produits végétaux (avec un mélange probable de différentes cires), alors que la détection des produits aquatiques est faible. Comparés aux données fauniques, ces résultats indiquent donc que les produits terrestres, tels que la viande de ruminant et les produits laitiers, sont transformés en utilisant des récipients en céramiques, tandis que les produits aquatiques semblent de préférence exploités sans avoir recours à une poterie. Ces résultats démontrent l’importance de l’analyse des résidus lipidiques pour connaître le rôle des récipients en céramique dans la production et la consommation d’aliments sur les sites de la côte atlantique. The subsistence strategies of early farming communities have been highlighted since the beginning of the Neolithic, thanks to numerous studies on lipid residues from ceramic vessels conducted in various parts of continental Europe. However, after the Early Neolithic, evidence of subsistence strategies along the northern Atlantic coast are still lacking, especially for island contexts. This paper presents the results of lipid residue analysis of 129 potsherds from Beg ar Loued (Molène, France), an island site dating primarily to the Early Bronze Age (c. 2700-2600 to 1800 BCE). Aiming to understand the use of vessels, vessel treatment and culinary practices on the settlement, analyses of visible charred residues, sherds and ceramic surfaces/coating layers were carried out using chromatographic (n = 174) and isotopic techniques (n = 24) after lipid extraction by solvent (n = 174) or acid methanolysis (n = 31). The results demonstrate the extensive use of terrestrial products (ruminant carcass and dairy) in pottery, including occasional plant products (with possible mixtures of different waxes), while the detection of aquatic products is limited. Thus, combined with evidence from faunal remains at the site, the results indicate that terrestrial resources like ruminant meat and dairy products were preferentially processed in vessels, and aquatic products mostly without the use of ceramics. These findings demonstrate the significance of lipid residue analysis for studying the role of pottery in food production and consumption at sites along the Atlantic coast. International audience

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    Authors: Amélie Godard Palluet; Marie Gueguen;

    This paper introduces the Snap Hook Methodology, a method implicitly used notably in astrochemistry to indirectly validate and assess the accuracy of computational calculations in the absence of experimental or observational data. We argue that this methodology has a tremendous potential as a substitute for traditional verification and validation standards, when those are not accessible and the reliability of numerical predictions difficult to estimate. Our goal is to give to this method a proper formulation, in order for philosophers of science to enter the debate, and to highlight its interesting features in terms of interdisciplinary facilitation and knowledge transmission. International audience

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    Philosophy of Science
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Dupont, Catherine;

    De nombreux animaux ont été exploités dès la Préhistoire pour leur viande ou pour d’autres matières comme la peau, les os, les dents… Parmi ces animaux, le mollusque marin a souvent été délaissé des archéologues. Ce désamour peut s’expliquer car chasser du gibier en forêt est bien plus valorisé que pêcher des coquillages sur les rochers. Pourtant, les mollusques en ont autant à nous apprendre sur les populations humaines du passé que les autres animaux. Ils permettent d’aborder les évolutions des sociétés humaines d’un point de vue symbolique, économique ou sociétale. Dès la Préhistoire, les populations humaines vont différencier les coquillages qu’elles mangent de ceux dont elles utilisent la coquille. Ce constat se poursuit tout au long de la chronologie.Cette conférence est un voyage dans le temps de la Préhistoire au Moyen Age le long de nos côtes atlantiques. Vous y découvrirez une diversité insoupçonnée d’utilisations des mollusques marins : du statut de fruit de mer, au colorant voire au symbole de richesse… Elle permet de nous interroger sur notre rapport à l’animal et à la nature. Que vous ayez ou non mis un jour une coquille dans votre poche lors d’une balade sur la plage, il est à parier, que vous ne regarderez plus les coquillages comme des animaux dépourvus d’intérêt. Many animals have been exploited since prehistoric times for their meat or for other materials such as skin, bones, teeth, etc. Among these animals, marine molluscs have often been overlooked by archaeologists. This lack of interest can be explained by the fact that hunting big mammals in the forest is much more highly valued than collecting shellfish on the rocks. Yet molluscs have just as much to teach us about past human populations as other animals. They allow us to look at the evolution of human societies from a symbolic, economic or societal point of view. Since prehistoric times, human populations have differentiated between the shellfish they eat and those whose shells they use. This has been the case throughout history. This paper takes you on a travel through time, from prehistory to the Middle Ages, along our Atlantic coastline. You'll discover an unsuspected diversity of uses for marine molluscs, from seafood to colouring agents and even symbols of wealth... It's an opportunity to question our relationship with animals and nature. Whether or not you've ever put a shell in your pocket during a stroll on the beach, it's a safe bet that you'll no longer regard shellfish as uninteresting animals. International audience

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    Authors: Monteil, Martial; Coquet, Nicolas; Lamy, Raphaëlle; Maines, Emma;

    Le 31 mai 1943 paraissait le premier fascicule du tome 1 de Gallia. En quatre-vingts ans d’existence, la politique éditoriale de la revue a évolué pour s’adapter aux nouvelles orientations et pratiques de son champ disciplinaire, aux évolutions des outils et supports de diffusion et à la place spécifique qu’elle occupe au sein du paysage de l’édition française. D’unité propre du CNRS à son intégration au sein du pôle éditorial de la MSH Mondes, en s’adossant aujourd’hui aux infrastructures de recherche publiques et aux différents réseaux des métiers de l’édition et de l’information scientifique et technique, Gallia poursuit les missions originelles qui lui ont été confiées, mêlant la publication scientifique et la structuration de ressources documentaires pour l’archéologie nationale. International audience

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    Gallia
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2023
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    Authors: Meng Zhang; Madhuri Sankaranarayanapillai; Jingcheng Du; Yang Xiang; +5 Authors

    Abstract Background With more clinical trials are offering optional participation in the collection of bio-specimens for biobanking comes the increasing complexity of requirements of informed consent forms. The aim of this study is to develop an automatic natural language processing (NLP) tool to annotate informed consent documents to promote biorepository data regulation, sharing, and decision support. We collected informed consent documents from several publicly available sources, then manually annotated them, covering sentences containing permission information about the sharing of either bio-specimens or donor data, or conducting genetic research or future research using bio-specimens or donor data. Results We evaluated a variety of machine learning algorithms including random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) for the automatic identification of these sentences. 120 informed consent documents containing 29,204 sentences were annotated, of which 1250 sentences (4.28%) provide answers to a permission question. A support vector machine (SVM) model achieved a F-1 score of 0.95 on classifying the sentences when using a gold standard, which is a prefiltered corpus containing all relevant sentences. Conclusions This study provides the feasibility of using machine learning tools to classify permission-related sentences in informed consent documents.

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    BMC Bioinformatics
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    Authors: Brazidec, Manuel; Perrichot, Vincent;

    The recently discovered amber biota from Zhangpu, China, offers a unique window into the tropical ecosystem of an Asian rainforest during the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO). Here, the first flat wasp (Bethylidae) from this deposit is documented: Parascleroderma palaeosinica n. sp. is described and figured from a single male, and is the first fossil Parascleroderma known to date. The new extinct species is characterized by its minute size, the pedicel longer than the flagellomeres, the posterior ocelli inserted much posteriad on head, the notauli not impressed on anterior third of anteromesoscutum, and the hypopygium simple, with posterior margin slightly incurved medially. Parascleroderma is a cosmopolitan genus within the Pristocerinae and it is therefore not surprising to find its record in the Zhangpu biota, simultaneously with the northern expansion of the southeastern Asian tropical forest during the MMCO. International audience

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    Palaeoworld
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Hamieh, N; Collet, Florence; Meslem, Amina;

    As global temperatures continue to rise, climate change impacts are now being observed in all aspects of life, driving the need to transition to a low-carbon economy. In the building sector and as a construction material, Earth-Hemp composites present a sustainable solution due to their low embodied energy and low environmental impact. However, at the construction site, and as with any other material, the drying process of Earth-Hemp can be very slow, which can lead to costly delays for building work and even serious problems in term of mold growth affecting their durability. The objective of this work is to develop an innovative drying method to reduce drying time of construction materials and speed up the completion of a project. In this paper, a comparative study of natural convection drying with innovative forced convection drying is carried out on sprayed Earth-Hemp-Lime "ELH" prototypes. The results show that the innovative forced convection method is very effective for drying ELH materials at an accelerated rate, where the drying period has been reduced by a factor of 2, compared to the drying time required when using the natural convection method. International audience

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    Journal of Physics : Conference Series
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    Authors: Brazidec, Manuel; Perrichot, Vincent;

    The Miocene fossil record of Chrysidoidea is particularly scarce despite numbers of insect-bearing deposits available. Their record is here summarized, highlighting the overwhelming proportion of fossils from Dominican Republic amber while other deposits, e.g., Zhangpu, Mexican or Ethiopian ambers, seem promising for the study of the group but suffer from the insufficient interest in this period. We describe and figure two new species from Zhangpu, China, a rich amber biota that formed in the Asian rainforest during the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO): Sierola colomboi n. sp. (Bethylidae, the second from Zhangpu amber) and Hedychridium rosai n. sp. (Chrysididae). Sierola currently has a circum-pacific distribution with two fossils from European Eocene deposits. Four species have been recorded from China but Sierola colomboi n. sp. is the first fossil species from the country. Hedychridium is a cosmopolitan genus, the second largest within its family and Hedychridium rosai n. sp. represents its first known fossil species. International audience

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    Palaeoworld
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