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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Caravaca, Gwénaël;

    While the planet Mars is today a dry and cold wasteland dominated by aeolian processes, a large diversity of geomorphologies observed from orbit suggests that aqueous processes took place there. Most of these morphologies implies the presence of developed fluvial networks at the surface of the planet about 3.5 Ga ago. However, the precise conditions behind the formation of these valleys and the climate they evolved in are still being debated, as some of them could be linked to episodic events set in a cold climate. For more than a decade now, the rovers Curiosity and Perseverance helped to shed light on these questions thanks to a detailed in situ analysis of fluvial and lacustrine deposits.The Curiosity rover landed in August 2012 in Gale crater, and since then observed more than 500 meters of a sedimentary succession including lacustrine mudstones and fluvial sandstones and conglomerates. Locally, clay minerals have been observed to make as much as 30 % of the bulk composition, with a substantial degree of chemical alteration, highlighting the role of water in the rock formation processes. The succession, and locally alternation and interfingering of fluvial and lacustrine facies suggest rapid and marked evolutions of the depositional setting, in relation with changing environmental and climatic parameters. However, no (peri-)glacial facies has been found to date, even if glacial processes could have affected those terrains later in their history.In February 2021, the Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, which was chosen after the observation from orbit of both a large-scale fan-shaped edifice and the presence of clay and carbonate minerals. Remote observations of the fan and its remnants allowed to identify characteristic sigmoid structures of a deltaic architecture (bottomsets-foresets-topsets), confirming the presence of a perennial lake at the time of the deposition. Observations from both rovers illustrate that liquid water was not ephemeral at the surface of Mars. Nevertheless, the duration and extent of these processes are still yet to be exactly constrained. The detailed analysis of the delta by Perseverance and the returned samples on Earth (by a future mission early in the 2030’s) would hopefully allow to constrain these chronological questions, as well as to allow to look for potential biosignatures. International audience

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    Authors: Neuraz, Antoine; Lerner, Ivan; Birot, Olivier; Arias, Camila; +5 Authors

    Several studies have shown that about 80% of the medical information in an electronic health record is only available through unstructured data. Resources such as medical terminologies in languages other than English are limited and restrain the NLP tools. We propose here to leverage English based resources in other languages using a combination of translation, word alignment, entity extraction and term normalization (TAXN). We implement this extraction pipeline in an opensource library called "medkit". We demonstrate the interest of this approach through a specific use-case: enriching a phenotypic dictionary for post-acute sequelae in COVID-19 (PASC). TAXN proved to be efficient to propose new synonyms of UMLS terms using a corpus of 70 articles in French with 356 terms enriched with at least one validated new synonym. This study was based on freely available deeplearning models. International audience

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    https://doi.org/10.3233/shti23...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.3233/shti23...
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    Authors: Meunier, Sabine; Habault, Dominique; Moulinec, Hervé; Lasaygues, Philippe; +3 Authors

    International audience; The Laboratory of Mechanics and Acoustics in Marseille(France) celebrated its 80th anniversary in 2021. It wascreated in 1941, under the name of Centre de RecherchesScientifiques, Industrielles et Maritimes (CRSIM) and wasthe successor of the French Naval Research Center createdin Toulon by the French Navy, under the direction ofFrançois Canac, to work on submarine detection duringWorld War I. It was the first laboratory of the NationalCenter for Scientific Research out of Paris. In thislaboratory, Paul Langevin developed the first high-poweredultrasonic transmitters for the detection of submarines. F.Canac headed the CRSIM until 1958. He was one of thefounders of the journal Acustica. The acoustics servicedeveloped considerably under his leadership. The CRSIMbecame the Centre de Recherches Physiques (PhysicalResearch Center, CRP) in 1962 and was directed byThéodore Vogel. In 1973, the laboratory had a Departmentof Mechanics and a Department of Acoustics. On July 10,1973, the laboratory took the name of Laboratoire deMécanique et d’Acoustique (LMA, Laboratory ofMechanics and Acoustics), a name that better describes itsactivities and which it still bears today. We present here theevolution of the laboratory’s research themes over these 80years.

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    https://doi.org/10.61782/fa.20...
    Conference object . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Lotton, Pierrick; Dazel, Olivier; Bruneau, Michel;

    Since the middle of the 20th century, acoustics departments have been established in universities and engineering schools throughout France. Similarly, since the founding of the University of Le Mans in 1965, several research departments have been created, with increasing focus on acoustic research and teaching. In this context, the Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM) was established in 1981 and has grown from 3 to 90 faculty and CNRS members (including 25 staff), with 80 research graduate and post-graduate students. The LAUM's research areas have also expanded to include Electroacoustics, Materials, Waveguides and Structures, fostering cutting-edge research and international collaboration. The university and CNRS provide extensive infrastructure, specialized equipment, and support services to facilitate research efforts. Bachelor and master's level courses in acoustics provide students with opportunities to pursue careers as high-level technicians or engineers in the private sector or to prepare for a Ph.D. in acoustics.

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  • Authors: Laghi, Roberto;

    International audience; From human to binary and back: how can we translate the digital machine? Everything that happens in the digital environment is about writing and translation: it can be from one human language to another but it is even more from computer languages to human ones and back, in a translation loop that goes both directions. Hence, everything digital is a form of mediation through different languages. These processes of translation between code and human language are done automatically, but this is true for more and more translations between human languages, as machine translation services are growing and perfecting. Since most of the times we do not know how these systems work, we need to develop tools to translate the machine. How can we use creativity to translate it for a better human understanding and use? How can we improve the relationship between us and the computing machines? To help tackle the emerging tensions in these relationships, especially with so-called "AI", we should first find a better way to define these technologies: from the "stochastic parrots" to new proposals to replace the deceiving terminology of "AI", critical efforts by scholars in this sense have been manifold. We should then look inside these machines, inside their code: if we know how they work we, as researchers and/or translators, will be able to intervene on a deeper level to coordinate and correct machine output. And that is pivotal if we are to embed these technologies in our everyday life, as it is already happening. We will then go through different examples of how we can open "AI" black boxes and engage with them in a creative and critical form.

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    Authors: Jean Kabulo; Trésor Hubert; Innocent Mufungizi; Roda Bongeli; +1 Authors

    International audience; Background: The Democratic Republic of Congo is a country very rich in mineral and non-mineral raw materials, it is described as a "Geological Scandal". The Congolese soil and subsoil contain a very great diversity of natural resources, notably strategic minerals, water resources, the three oil basins of which only one is exploited, large areas of arable land, and others. It has large reserves of copper, cobalt, zinc and several other minerals which make it one of the major producers in the world. However, despite this diversity and these particularities in all areas, notably: geological, forestry, hydrological, agri-food and others, the DR Congo is on the list of the poorest countries on the planet. It is ranked by the World Bank among the 5 poorest nations in the world in 2022, which is a worrying dilemma. Aim: Developing countries focus on industrialization, this taste shows its first steps at the beginning of the 18th century, a period during which all the great powers turned to the search for metals and especially advanced ores for their technological development and to enable social progress in its various aspects, even in the fields of science. It is on these pillars that our motivation is based. This work is a major contribution to the objective of diversifying the Congolese economy, sustainable management of raw materials, and the fight against fraud in the mining sector. Methodology: We involved the different trends, notably: (i) political decisionmakers, (ii) scientists who are researchers in universities, (iii) technicians who are in practice in the field, (iv) entrepreneurs, (v) civil society, etc. This is from the perspective of understanding, based on an overall analysis, where the DRC can begin to develop, especially with the political will. The contribution of each stakeholder was a way for us to understand the causes of poor living conditions of the population which is paradoxical to what is sold as the wealth of the soil and subsoil of the DRC with a view to offering it a lasting and immediate solution. Observations: The lack of political will is the blockage for the Congolese population to benefit from its natural resources; the lack of execution capacity by state institutions is hampering the development of the DRC. All Congolese, mining companies and politicians must understand the concern of the country which continues to be the shame of the 21st century. We must all awaken our conscience, in order to bring our country out of this paradoxical hat: “country rich in natural resources, with a very poor population”. Recommendations: Some recommendations were made. In broad terms, we have: manage partnerships with mining companies, fight against mining fraud and insecurity in the DRC, rationally manage natural resources, ensure geological knowledge of the DRC, have leaders with the capacity to execute effective.; Contexte : La République Démocratique du Congo est un pays très riche en matières premières minérales et non minérales, elle est qualifiée de « Scandale Géologique ». Le sol et le sous-sol congolais recèlent une très grande diversité de ressources naturelles, notamment les minéraux stratégiques, les ressources en eau, les trois bassins pétroliers dont un seul est exploité, de vastes étendues de terres arables, etc. Il possède d'importantes réserves de cuivre, de cobalt, de zinc et de plusieurs autres minéraux qui en font l'un des principaux producteurs mondiaux. Pourtant, malgré cette diversité et ces particularités dans tous les domaines notamment : géologique, forestier, hydrologique, agroalimentaire et autres, la RD Congo figure sur la liste des pays les plus pauvres de la planète. Elle est classée par la Banque mondiale parmi les 5 nations les plus pauvres du monde en 2022, ce qui constitue un dilemme inquiétant. Objectif : Les pays en développement se concentrent sur l'industrialisation, ce goût montre ses premiers pas au début du XVIIIe siècle, période durant laquelle toutes les grandes puissances se tournent vers la recherche de métaux et surtout de minerais avancés pour leur développement technologique et pour permettre le progrès social en ses différents aspects, même dans les domaines scientifiques. C’est sur ces piliers que repose notre motivation. Ces travaux constituent une contribution majeure à l'objectif de diversification de l'économie congolaise, de gestion durable des matières premières et de lutte contre la fraude dans le secteur minier. Méthodologie : Nous avons impliqué les différentes tendances, notamment : (i) les décideurs politiques, (ii) les scientifiques chercheurs dans les universités, (iii) les techniciens en exercice sur le terrain, (iv) les entrepreneurs, (v) la société civile, etc. C'est dans une perspective de compréhension, basée sur une analyse globale, que la RDC peut commencer à se développer, notamment avec la volonté politique. La contribution de chaque acteur a été pour nous une manière de comprendre les causes des mauvaises conditions de vie des populations qui sont paradoxales par rapport à ce qui est vendu comme la richesse du sol et du sous-sol de la RDC en vue de lui offrir une solution durable et immédiate. . Observations : Le manque de volonté politique empêche la population congolaise de bénéficier de ses ressources naturelles ; le manque de capacité d’exécution des institutions étatiques entrave le développement de la RDC. Tous les Congolais, compagnies minières et politiques doivent comprendre l'inquiétude du pays qui continue d'être la honte du 21ème siècle. Nous devons tous éveiller nos consciences, afin de sortir notre pays de ce chapeau paradoxal : « pays riche en ressources naturelles, avec une population très pauvre ». Recommandations : Certaines recommandations ont été formulées. De manière générale, nous avons : gérer les partenariats avec les sociétés minières, lutter contre la fraude minière et l'insécurité en RDC, gérer rationnellement les ressources naturelles, assurer la connaissance géologique de la RDC, disposer de dirigeants ayant la capacité d'exécution efficace.

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    Authors: Dalena, Barbara; Da Silva, Tatiana; Chance, Antoine; Ghribi, Adnan;

    After the discovery of the Higgs boson at the LHC, particle physics community is exploring and proposing next accelerators, to address the remaining open questions on the underlying mechanisms and constituents of the present universe. One of the studied possibilities is FCC (Future Circular Collider), a 100 km long collider at CERN. The feasibility study of this future proposed accelerator implies the definition of tolerances on magnets imperfections and of the strategies of correction in order to guarantee the target performances of the High Energy Booster ring. The efficiency of the correction scheme, used to control the orbit, directly bounds the corrector needs and magnet tolerances. Analytic formulae give a first estimation of the average rms value of the required linear correctors' strengths and of the allowed magnets misalignments and field quality along the entire ring. The distribution of the correctors along the ring is simulated in order to verify the quality of the residual orbit after the proposed correction strategy and compared with the analytical predictions. First specifications of the orbit correctors strength and tolerances for the alignment of the main elements of the ring are presented. The limits of the studied correction scheme and method are also discussed. International audience

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    Journal of Physics : Conference Series
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    https://doi.org/10.18429/jacow...
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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      Journal of Physics : Conference Series
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      https://doi.org/10.18429/jacow...
      Conference object . 2023
      License: CC BY
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Stutzmann, Dominique;

    International audience

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    https://doi.org/10.17875/gup20...
    Part of book or chapter of book . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Cottegnies, Line;

    La réception de La Princesse de Clèves en Angleterre témoigne d’une rencontre manquée. Traduit de manière anonyme dès 1679, le roman ne rencontre pas le succès attendu. Certes, cette traduction est rééditée en 1688, mais la réception du roman est contrariée par le grand succès de l’adaptation théâtrale très libre qu’en donne le dramaturge Nathaniel Lee en 1680 au Queen’s Theatre, et dont le texte est publié en 1689. Adaptée spécifiquement au goût de la Restauration, la pièce ne reprend que quelques scènes-clés du roman, et, si le Prince et la Princesse de Clèves sont à peu près conformes à leurs modèles, le Duc de Nemours est représenté sous les traits d’un libertin, à l’image des roués (« rakes »), qui peuplaient les comédies londoniennes depuis les années 1660. Le roman passe ici clairement au second plan. Cette adaptation théâtrale semble avoir brouillé la perception de La Princesse de Clèves en Angleterre, en constituant un filtre à son appréciation. Ce n’est qu’au XVIIIe siècle, presque un demi-siècle plus tard, à l’heure de la sensibilité triomphante, que la fiction de Mme de Lafayette connaît un regain d’intêrêt en Angleterre. La Princesse de Clèves, retraduite en 1720, est alors intégrée dans plusieurs recueils de romans continentaux publiés au cours du siècle. Cet article revient sur les raisons de ce décalage dans la réception de La Princesse de Clèves, en étudiant ce moment de l’histoire littéraire anglaise, vers 1680, où les romans français sont traduits par brassées. Faut-il expliquer l’accueil relativement réservé rencontré par La Princesse de Clèves au XVIIe siècle comme procédant de la différence entre un goût anglais et un goût français ? On montrera que si le roman a très certainement pâti du brouillage créé par l’adaptation théâtrale de la pièce de 1680 ou 1681, il représentait aussi une forme de roman difficilement transposable en Angleterre en 1679. The reception of La Princesse of Clèves in England bears witness to a failed encounter. Anonymously translated in 1679, the novel did not meet with the expected success. Although the translation was republished in 1688, the novel's reception was thwarted by the great success of the very free theatrical adaptation given by the playwright Nathaniel Lee in 1680 at Queen's Theatre, the text of which was published in 1689. Adapted specifically to the tastes of the Restoration, the play takes up only a few key scenes from the novel, and while the Prince and Princess of Cleves are more or less true to their models, the Duke of Nemours is portrayed as a libertine, in line with the “rakes” who had populated London comedies since the 1660s. This theatrical adaptation seems to have blurred the perception of the French novel in England, acting as a filter for its appreciation. It was not until the eighteenth century, almost half a century later, at a time when novels of sensibility became fashionable, that Mme de Lafayette's fiction enjoyed renewed interest in England. The Princess of Cleves, retranslated in 1720, was then included in several collections of continental novels published over the course of the century. This article looks at the reasons for this gap in the reception of La Princesse de Clèves, by studying the moment in English literary history, around 1680, when French novels were translated by the dozens. Should we explain the relatively lukewarm reception of La Princesse of Clèves in the seventeenth century as a result of the difference between English and French tastes? This article shows that while the novel certainly suffered from the confusion created by the theatrical adaptation of the play in 1680 or 1681, it also represented a form of novel that was difficult to transpose to England in 1679.

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    Etudes Epistémè
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Pamir, Hatice; Dan, Anca;

    International audience; Over the past 15 years, archaeological excavations carried out by Turkish teams in Antioch on the Orontes have uncovered mosaics decorating private banqueting rooms, dating from the 2nd to 5th centuries AD. To the north-east of the present-day city, beneath a public square laid out under Valentinian and Valens, the pavement of a triclinium built in the second quarter of the 2nd century invites the banqueter on the Helicon mountain of Boeotia, in the company of the Muses and of the poet Hesiod, at the "Source of the Horse" (Hippokrênè), where Pegasus is adorned by the Nymphs. The mosaic, signed by a certain Euporos, is impressive not only for the quality of the drawing and of the workmanship, but also for the poetic and didactic significance of the scenes. In the centre of the modern city, the three panels of a mosaic marking the entrance to a triclinium built between the end of the 3rd and the beginning of the 4th century evoke the pleasures of a banquet, coveted by the parasite Trehedipnos ("who runs to dinner") and savoured by the skeleton Euphrosynos ("joyful"). Finally, in a 5th-century house close to the building of Valentinian and Valens mentioned above, a mosaic shows the bust of Megalopsychia, the personification of the spiritual greatness, surrounded by dozens of species of peaceful birds. In contrast to the serene atmosphere of the room, the corridor beyond the door was decorated with different animal scenes inspired by Persian “paradises”, in which wild beasts pursue their preys. These three examples illustrate the changing tastes of the elites educated in Hellenic schools of rhetoric and philosophy, but also the shift in iconographic trends from the domination of the Greco-Roman West to the Sasanian East.; Pendant les 15 dernières années, les fouilles archéologiques menées par les équipes turques à Antioche sur Oronte ont mis au jour des mosaïques décorant des salles de banquet privées, datables du IIe au Ve siècle apr. J.-C. Au Nord-Est de la ville actuelle, sous une place publique aménagée sous Valens et Valentinien, le pavement d’un triclinium construit dans le second quart du IIe siècle invite le symposiaste sur l’Hélicon de Béotie, montagne des Muses et du poète Hésiode, à la « Source du cheval » (Hippokrênè), où Pégase est paré par des Nymphes. La mosaïque, signée par un certain Euporos, séduit non seulement par la qualité du modèle et de la réalisation, mais aussi par la signification poétique et éducative des scènes figurées. Au centre de la ville moderne, les trois panneaux d’une mosaïque marquant l’entrée dans un triclinium construit la fin du IIIe et le début du IVe siècle apr. J.-C. évoquent les plaisirs du banquet, convoité par le parasite Trehedipnos (« Cours-dîner ») et savouré par le mort Euphrosynos (« Joyeux »). Enfin, dans une maison du Ve siècle, une mosaïque montre le buste de Megalopsychia, la personnification de la grandeur d’âme, au milieu de plusieurs dizaines d’espèces d’oiseaux pacifiques. En contraste avec l’atmosphère de sérénité de la pièce, le couloir qui assurait l’accès est décoré d’autres vues inspirées des « paradis » perses, dans lesquelles des bêtes sauvages poursuivent leurs proies. Ces trois exemples illustrent l’évolution des goûts des élites éduquées dans les écoles rhétoriques et philosophiques helléniques, qui ont subi un basculement des modes iconographiques, de l’Ouest gréco-romain vers l’Est sassanide.

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    Authors: Caravaca, Gwénaël;

    While the planet Mars is today a dry and cold wasteland dominated by aeolian processes, a large diversity of geomorphologies observed from orbit suggests that aqueous processes took place there. Most of these morphologies implies the presence of developed fluvial networks at the surface of the planet about 3.5 Ga ago. However, the precise conditions behind the formation of these valleys and the climate they evolved in are still being debated, as some of them could be linked to episodic events set in a cold climate. For more than a decade now, the rovers Curiosity and Perseverance helped to shed light on these questions thanks to a detailed in situ analysis of fluvial and lacustrine deposits.The Curiosity rover landed in August 2012 in Gale crater, and since then observed more than 500 meters of a sedimentary succession including lacustrine mudstones and fluvial sandstones and conglomerates. Locally, clay minerals have been observed to make as much as 30 % of the bulk composition, with a substantial degree of chemical alteration, highlighting the role of water in the rock formation processes. The succession, and locally alternation and interfingering of fluvial and lacustrine facies suggest rapid and marked evolutions of the depositional setting, in relation with changing environmental and climatic parameters. However, no (peri-)glacial facies has been found to date, even if glacial processes could have affected those terrains later in their history.In February 2021, the Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, which was chosen after the observation from orbit of both a large-scale fan-shaped edifice and the presence of clay and carbonate minerals. Remote observations of the fan and its remnants allowed to identify characteristic sigmoid structures of a deltaic architecture (bottomsets-foresets-topsets), confirming the presence of a perennial lake at the time of the deposition. Observations from both rovers illustrate that liquid water was not ephemeral at the surface of Mars. Nevertheless, the duration and extent of these processes are still yet to be exactly constrained. The detailed analysis of the delta by Perseverance and the returned samples on Earth (by a future mission early in the 2030’s) would hopefully allow to constrain these chronological questions, as well as to allow to look for potential biosignatures. International audience

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    Authors: Neuraz, Antoine; Lerner, Ivan; Birot, Olivier; Arias, Camila; +5 Authors

    Several studies have shown that about 80% of the medical information in an electronic health record is only available through unstructured data. Resources such as medical terminologies in languages other than English are limited and restrain the NLP tools. We propose here to leverage English based resources in other languages using a combination of translation, word alignment, entity extraction and term normalization (TAXN). We implement this extraction pipeline in an opensource library called "medkit". We demonstrate the interest of this approach through a specific use-case: enriching a phenotypic dictionary for post-acute sequelae in COVID-19 (PASC). TAXN proved to be efficient to propose new synonyms of UMLS terms using a corpus of 70 articles in French with 356 terms enriched with at least one validated new synonym. This study was based on freely available deeplearning models. International audience

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    https://doi.org/10.3233/shti23...
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      https://doi.org/10.3233/shti23...
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    Authors: Meunier, Sabine; Habault, Dominique; Moulinec, Hervé; Lasaygues, Philippe; +3 Authors

    International audience; The Laboratory of Mechanics and Acoustics in Marseille(France) celebrated its 80th anniversary in 2021. It wascreated in 1941, under the name of Centre de RecherchesScientifiques, Industrielles et Maritimes (CRSIM) and wasthe successor of the French Naval Research Center createdin Toulon by the French Navy, under the direction ofFrançois Canac, to work on submarine detection duringWorld War I. It was the first laboratory of the NationalCenter for Scientific Research out of Paris. In thislaboratory, Paul Langevin developed the first high-poweredultrasonic transmitters for the detection of submarines. F.Canac headed the CRSIM until 1958. He was one of thefounders of the journal Acustica. The acoustics servicedeveloped considerably under his leadership. The CRSIMbecame the Centre de Recherches Physiques (PhysicalResearch Center, CRP) in 1962 and was directed byThéodore Vogel. In 1973, the laboratory had a Departmentof Mechanics and a Department of Acoustics. On July 10,1973, the laboratory took the name of Laboratoire deMécanique et d’Acoustique (LMA, Laboratory ofMechanics and Acoustics), a name that better describes itsactivities and which it still bears today. We present here theevolution of the laboratory’s research themes over these 80years.

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    https://doi.org/10.61782/fa.20...
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  • Authors: Lotton, Pierrick; Dazel, Olivier; Bruneau, Michel;

    Since the middle of the 20th century, acoustics departments have been established in universities and engineering schools throughout France. Similarly, since the founding of the University of Le Mans in 1965, several research departments have been created, with increasing focus on acoustic research and teaching. In this context, the Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM) was established in 1981 and has grown from 3 to 90 faculty and CNRS members (including 25 staff), with 80 research graduate and post-graduate students. The LAUM's research areas have also expanded to include Electroacoustics, Materials, Waveguides and Structures, fostering cutting-edge research and international collaboration. The university and CNRS provide extensive infrastructure, specialized equipment, and support services to facilitate research efforts. Bachelor and master's level courses in acoustics provide students with opportunities to pursue careers as high-level technicians or engineers in the private sector or to prepare for a Ph.D. in acoustics.

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  • Authors: Laghi, Roberto;

    International audience; From human to binary and back: how can we translate the digital machine? Everything that happens in the digital environment is about writing and translation: it can be from one human language to another but it is even more from computer languages to human ones and back, in a translation loop that goes both directions. Hence, everything digital is a form of mediation through different languages. These processes of translation between code and human language are done automatically, but this is true for more and more translations between human languages, as machine translation services are growing and perfecting. Since most of the times we do not know how these systems work, we need to develop tools to translate the machine. How can we use creativity to translate it for a better human understanding and use? How can we improve the relationship between us and the computing machines? To help tackle the emerging tensions in these relationships, especially with so-called "AI", we should first find a better way to define these technologies: from the "stochastic parrots" to new proposals to replace the deceiving terminology of "AI", critical efforts by scholars in this sense have been manifold. We should then look inside these machines, inside their code: if we know how they work we, as researchers and/or translators, will be able to intervene on a deeper level to coordinate and correct machine output. And that is pivotal if we are to embed these technologies in our everyday life, as it is already happening. We will then go through different examples of how we can open "AI" black boxes and engage with them in a creative and critical form.

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    Authors: Jean Kabulo; Trésor Hubert; Innocent Mufungizi; Roda Bongeli; +1 Authors

    International audience; Background: The Democratic Republic of Congo is a country very rich in mineral and non-mineral raw materials, it is described as a "Geological Scandal". The Congolese soil and subsoil contain a very great diversity of natural resources, notably strategic minerals, water resources, the three oil basins of which only one is exploited, large areas of arable land, and others. It has large reserves of copper, cobalt, zinc and several other minerals which make it one of the major producers in the world. However, despite this diversity and these particularities in all areas, notably: geological, forestry, hydrological, agri-food and others, the DR Congo is on the list of the poorest countries on the planet. It is ranked by the World Bank among the 5 poorest nations in the world in 2022, which is a worrying dilemma. Aim: Developing countries focus on industrialization, this taste shows its first steps at the beginning of the 18th century, a period during which all the great powers turned to the search for metals and especially advanced ores for their technological development and to enable social progress in its various aspects, even in the fields of science. It is on these pillars that our motivation is based. This work is a major contribution to the objective of diversifying the Congolese economy, sustainable management of raw materials, and the fight against fraud in the mining sector. Methodology: We involved the different trends, notably: (i) political decisionmakers, (ii) scientists who are researchers in universities, (iii) technicians who are in practice in the field, (iv) entrepreneurs, (v) civil society, etc. This is from the perspective of understanding, based on an overall analysis, where the DRC can begin to develop, especially with the political will. The contribution of each stakeholder was a way for us to understand the causes of poor living conditions of the population which is paradoxical to what is sold as the wealth of the soil and subsoil of the DRC with a view to offering it a lasting and immediate solution. Observations: The lack of political will is the blockage for the Congolese population to benefit from its natural resources; the lack of execution capacity by state institutions is hampering the development of the DRC. All Congolese, mining companies and politicians must understand the concern of the country which continues to be the shame of the 21st century. We must all awaken our conscience, in order to bring our country out of this paradoxical hat: “country rich in natural resources, with a very poor population”. Recommendations: Some recommendations were made. In broad terms, we have: manage partnerships with mining companies, fight against mining fraud and insecurity in the DRC, rationally manage natural resources, ensure geological knowledge of the DRC, have leaders with the capacity to execute effective.; Contexte : La République Démocratique du Congo est un pays très riche en matières premières minérales et non minérales, elle est qualifiée de « Scandale Géologique ». Le sol et le sous-sol congolais recèlent une très grande diversité de ressources naturelles, notamment les minéraux stratégiques, les ressources en eau, les trois bassins pétroliers dont un seul est exploité, de vastes étendues de terres arables, etc. Il possède d'importantes réserves de cuivre, de cobalt, de zinc et de plusieurs autres minéraux qui en font l'un des principaux producteurs mondiaux. Pourtant, malgré cette diversité et ces particularités dans tous les domaines notamment : géologique, forestier, hydrologique, agroalimentaire et autres, la RD Congo figure sur la liste des pays les plus pauvres de la planète. Elle est classée par la Banque mondiale parmi les 5 nations les plus pauvres du monde en 2022, ce qui constitue un dilemme inquiétant. Objectif : Les pays en développement se concentrent sur l'industrialisation, ce goût montre ses premiers pas au début du XVIIIe siècle, période durant laquelle toutes les grandes puissances se tournent vers la recherche de métaux et surtout de minerais avancés pour leur développement technologique et pour permettre le progrès social en ses différents aspects, même dans les domaines scientifiques. C’est sur ces piliers que repose notre motivation. Ces travaux constituent une contribution majeure à l'objectif de diversification de l'économie congolaise, de gestion durable des matières premières et de lutte contre la fraude dans le secteur minier. Méthodologie : Nous avons impliqué les différentes tendances, notamment : (i) les décideurs politiques, (ii) les scientifiques chercheurs dans les universités, (iii) les techniciens en exercice sur le terrain, (iv) les entrepreneurs, (v) la société civile, etc. C'est dans une perspective de compréhension, basée sur une analyse globale, que la RDC peut commencer à se développer, notamment avec la volonté politique. La contribution de chaque acteur a été pour nous une manière de comprendre les causes des mauvaises conditions de vie des populations qui sont paradoxales par rapport à ce qui est vendu comme la richesse du sol et du sous-sol de la RDC en vue de lui offrir une solution durable et immédiate. . Observations : Le manque de volonté politique empêche la population congolaise de bénéficier de ses ressources naturelles ; le manque de capacité d’exécution des institutions étatiques entrave le développement de la RDC. Tous les Congolais, compagnies minières et politiques doivent comprendre l'inquiétude du pays qui continue d'être la honte du 21ème siècle. Nous devons tous éveiller nos consciences, afin de sortir notre pays de ce chapeau paradoxal : « pays riche en ressources naturelles, avec une population très pauvre ». Recommandations : Certaines recommandations ont été formulées. De manière générale, nous avons : gérer les partenariats avec les sociétés minières, lutter contre la fraude minière et l'insécurité en RDC, gérer rationnellement les ressources naturelles, assurer la connaissance géologique de la RDC, disposer de dirigeants ayant la capacité d'exécution efficace.

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    Authors: Dalena, Barbara; Da Silva, Tatiana; Chance, Antoine; Ghribi, Adnan;

    After the discovery of the Higgs boson at the LHC, particle physics community is exploring and proposing next accelerators, to address the remaining open questions on the underlying mechanisms and constituents of the present universe. One of the studied possibilities is FCC (Future Circular Collider), a 100 km long collider at CERN. The feasibility study of this future proposed accelerator implies the definition of tolerances on magnets imperfections and of the strategies of correction in order to guarantee the target performances of the High Energy Booster ring. The efficiency of the correction scheme, used to control the orbit, directly bounds the corrector needs and magnet tolerances. Analytic formulae give a first estimation of the average rms value of the required linear correctors' strengths and of the allowed magnets misalignments and field quality along the entire ring. The distribution of the correctors along the ring is simulated in order to verify the quality of the residual orbit after the proposed correction strategy and compared with the analytical predictions. First specifications of the orbit correctors strength and tolerances for the alignment of the main elements of the ring are presented. The limits of the studied correction scheme and method are also discussed. International audience

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    Journal of Physics : Conference Series
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    Authors: Stutzmann, Dominique;

    International audience

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    https://doi.org/10.17875/gup20...
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    Authors: Cottegnies, Line;

    La réception de La Princesse de Clèves en Angleterre témoigne d’une rencontre manquée. Traduit de manière anonyme dès 1679, le roman ne rencontre pas le succès attendu. Certes, cette traduction est rééditée en 1688, mais la réception du roman est contrariée par le grand succès de l’adaptation théâtrale très libre qu’en donne le dramaturge Nathaniel Lee en 1680 au Queen’s Theatre, et dont le texte est publié en 1689. Adaptée spécifiquement au goût de la Restauration, la pièce ne reprend que quelques scènes-clés du roman, et, si le Prince et la Princesse de Clèves sont à peu près conformes à leurs modèles, le Duc de Nemours est représenté sous les traits d’un libertin, à l’image des roués (« rakes »), qui peuplaient les comédies londoniennes depuis les années 1660. Le roman passe ici clairement au second plan. Cette adaptation théâtrale semble avoir brouillé la perception de La Princesse de Clèves en Angleterre, en constituant un filtre à son appréciation. Ce n’est qu’au XVIIIe siècle, presque un demi-siècle plus tard, à l’heure de la sensibilité triomphante, que la fiction de Mme de Lafayette connaît un regain d’intêrêt en Angleterre. La Princesse de Clèves, retraduite en 1720, est alors intégrée dans plusieurs recueils de romans continentaux publiés au cours du siècle. Cet article revient sur les raisons de ce décalage dans la réception de La Princesse de Clèves, en étudiant ce moment de l’histoire littéraire anglaise, vers 1680, où les romans français sont traduits par brassées. Faut-il expliquer l’accueil relativement réservé rencontré par La Princesse de Clèves au XVIIe siècle comme procédant de la différence entre un goût anglais et un goût français ? On montrera que si le roman a très certainement pâti du brouillage créé par l’adaptation théâtrale de la pièce de 1680 ou 1681, il représentait aussi une forme de roman difficilement transposable en Angleterre en 1679. The reception of La Princesse of Clèves in England bears witness to a failed encounter. Anonymously translated in 1679, the novel did not meet with the expected success. Although the translation was republished in 1688, the novel's reception was thwarted by the great success of the very free theatrical adaptation given by the playwright Nathaniel Lee in 1680 at Queen's Theatre, the text of which was published in 1689. Adapted specifically to the tastes of the Restoration, the play takes up only a few key scenes from the novel, and while the Prince and Princess of Cleves are more or less true to their models, the Duke of Nemours is portrayed as a libertine, in line with the “rakes” who had populated London comedies since the 1660s. This theatrical adaptation seems to have blurred the perception of the French novel in England, acting as a filter for its appreciation. It was not until the eighteenth century, almost half a century later, at a time when novels of sensibility became fashionable, that Mme de Lafayette's fiction enjoyed renewed interest in England. The Princess of Cleves, retranslated in 1720, was then included in several collections of continental novels published over the course of the century. This article looks at the reasons for this gap in the reception of La Princesse de Clèves, by studying the moment in English literary history, around 1680, when French novels were translated by the dozens. Should we explain the relatively lukewarm reception of La Princesse of Clèves in the seventeenth century as a result of the difference between English and French tastes? This article shows that while the novel certainly suffered from the confusion created by the theatrical adaptation of the play in 1680 or 1681, it also represented a form of novel that was difficult to transpose to England in 1679.

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  • Authors: Pamir, Hatice; Dan, Anca;

    International audience; Over the past 15 years, archaeological excavations carried out by Turkish teams in Antioch on the Orontes have uncovered mosaics decorating private banqueting rooms, dating from the 2nd to 5th centuries AD. To the north-east of the present-day city, beneath a public square laid out under Valentinian and Valens, the pavement of a triclinium built in the second quarter of the 2nd century invites the banqueter on the Helicon mountain of Boeotia, in the company of the Muses and of the poet Hesiod, at the "Source of the Horse" (Hippokrênè), where Pegasus is adorned by the Nymphs. The mosaic, signed by a certain Euporos, is impressive not only for the quality of the drawing and of the workmanship, but also for the poetic and didactic significance of the scenes. In the centre of the modern city, the three panels of a mosaic marking the entrance to a triclinium built between the end of the 3rd and the beginning of the 4th century evoke the pleasures of a banquet, coveted by the parasite Trehedipnos ("who runs to dinner") and savoured by the skeleton Euphrosynos ("joyful"). Finally, in a 5th-century house close to the building of Valentinian and Valens mentioned above, a mosaic shows the bust of Megalopsychia, the personification of the spiritual greatness, surrounded by dozens of species of peaceful birds. In contrast to the serene atmosphere of the room, the corridor beyond the door was decorated with different animal scenes inspired by Persian “paradises”, in which wild beasts pursue their preys. These three examples illustrate the changing tastes of the elites educated in Hellenic schools of rhetoric and philosophy, but also the shift in iconographic trends from the domination of the Greco-Roman West to the Sasanian East.; Pendant les 15 dernières années, les fouilles archéologiques menées par les équipes turques à Antioche sur Oronte ont mis au jour des mosaïques décorant des salles de banquet privées, datables du IIe au Ve siècle apr. J.-C. Au Nord-Est de la ville actuelle, sous une place publique aménagée sous Valens et Valentinien, le pavement d’un triclinium construit dans le second quart du IIe siècle invite le symposiaste sur l’Hélicon de Béotie, montagne des Muses et du poète Hésiode, à la « Source du cheval » (Hippokrênè), où Pégase est paré par des Nymphes. La mosaïque, signée par un certain Euporos, séduit non seulement par la qualité du modèle et de la réalisation, mais aussi par la signification poétique et éducative des scènes figurées. Au centre de la ville moderne, les trois panneaux d’une mosaïque marquant l’entrée dans un triclinium construit la fin du IIIe et le début du IVe siècle apr. J.-C. évoquent les plaisirs du banquet, convoité par le parasite Trehedipnos (« Cours-dîner ») et savouré par le mort Euphrosynos (« Joyeux »). Enfin, dans une maison du Ve siècle, une mosaïque montre le buste de Megalopsychia, la personnification de la grandeur d’âme, au milieu de plusieurs dizaines d’espèces d’oiseaux pacifiques. En contraste avec l’atmosphère de sérénité de la pièce, le couloir qui assurait l’accès est décoré d’autres vues inspirées des « paradis » perses, dans lesquelles des bêtes sauvages poursuivent leurs proies. Ces trois exemples illustrent l’évolution des goûts des élites éduquées dans les écoles rhétoriques et philosophiques helléniques, qui ont subi un basculement des modes iconographiques, de l’Ouest gréco-romain vers l’Est sassanide.

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