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What a politician says in the parliament is not always what gets printed. In turning spoken words into printed records, the language changes, often towards formalization. The stenographers play a key role in this linguistic transformation. Their job is to align oral speeches with linguistic norms and parliamentary nomenclature. In this context, the formulaic trumps the personal. In our paper, we target these formulaic transformations, which we call the stenographic bias. Our analytical work is guided by the following research questions: In what ways are the printed records shaped by the stenographic bias? And what mechanisms are part of shaping this bias? The paper is empirically based on stenographic guidelines defining language norms and procedural rules, primarily from the 1980s and 2020s, as well as supplemented parliamentary material. To study the formulaic language over time and how language norms and rules affected the printed debate records on the aggregated level, we make use of a recent annotated dataset of Swedish parliamentary speeches from 1920 to 2020. By combining close reading and distant reading we aim to identify and discuss cases and phrases that shed light on the way stenographic norms and procedures have influenced parliamentarians’ speeches as they are recorded in the protocols.

This data set contains 2,227 sentences, with a part-of-speech (POS) tag specified for a single word in the sentence. The data file is a tab-separated text file where each row (after the header row) is formatted as follows: sentence POS tag (optional) motivation Note that, in the sentence (= a string of space-separated characters), the POS-tagged word is indicated by the POS tag in brackets, placed just after the word to which it refers. Example: The road bends [VERB] to the right . VERB In this example, the optional motivation is not included, as the tagged word can easily be identified as being a verb.

Keynote presentation at the NFDI4Objects Community Meeting, Berlin, 16 Nov 2023 Digital Archaeological Process in Sweden Open Data and Open Science – the world beyond FAIR in practice Vocabularies and Linked data Swedigarch – developing a research infrastructure for digital archaeology The road ahead 

Founded in 1948 as the official magazine of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, The UNESCO Courier represents an extraordinary resource for research on global themes in the humanities. The complete archive of the magazine is available in PDF form through UNESCO. These files make it possible for users anywhere to read individual issues, but it does not allow for full-text searching, much less any of the computational text analysis methods that have recently made important advances in humanities research. The Curated Courier 1.0 is a package of digital text corpora, text analysis tools, and supplementary materials that makes the complete archive of The UNESCO Courier from 1948 to 2020 machine-readable, accessible, and reusable for digital text analysis. Here on Zenodo we publish two Courier corpora. The first corpus (curated_courier_article_corpus) consists of the texts of all articles published in the English-language edition of The UNESCO Courier between 1948 and 2020. For this corpus we have extracted and reconstructed the complete text of all articles, for example by pulling together non-contiguous pages where necessary and by removing non-article text (masthead, photo captions, letters to the editor, and so on). We have linked each article to a comprehensive curated metadata index, included in the download (document_index.csv). The second corpus (curated_issues) compiles the complete text of all Courier issues (English-language edition), 1948-2020. To prepare this corpus we extracted text from the PDFs that UNESCO has made available, used multiple modes of OCR, and rendered each issue as a simple text file. Our test of the OCR quality finds an average error rate of 0.7 %, which should be considered good quality. Working data from the process can be found in our GitHub repository "tagged Courier." The products, text analysis tools, and additional documentation are in the repository "Curated Courier." The text of The UNESCO Courier is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license, in the context of UNESCO's open access publications policy. This dataset is published under the most recent version of the same license: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0 Deed). These datasets was developed as part of the research project "International Ideas at UNESCO: Digital Approaches to Global Conceptual History" (INIDUN), led by Benjamin G. Martin at Uppsala University and funded by a grant from the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet), 2020-2024. For more information, see: https://inidun.github.io, as well as the project repository on GitHub, which includes documentation and files related to the curating process.

Pleiades Datasets 3.2 (3 November 2023) This is a package of data derived from the Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places. It is used for archival and redistribution purposes and is likely to be less up-to-date than the live data at https://pleiades.stoa.org. We encourage use and citation of these numbered releases for scholarly work that will be published in static form. Updates and additions to published content of the Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places between 1 August 2023 and 3 November 2023 What's new since 3.1 (1 August 2023): 108 new and 1,629 updated place resources reflecting work by Erin Walcek Averett, Jeffrey Becker, Catherine Bouras, Anne Chen, Niels Christoffersen, Peter Cobb, Tom Elliott, Jonathan Fu, Greta Hawes, Carolin Johansson, Noah Kaye, Brady Kiesling, Thomas Landvatter, Stanisław Ludwiński, Ingrid Luo, Stephan Maurer, Colin McCaffrey, Gabriel McKee, David Meadows, Gabriel Moss, John Muccigrosso, Gifford Quinn, Rune Rattenborg, Enrico Regazzoni, Rosemary Selth, R. Scott Smith, Richard Talbert, Georgios Tsolakis, and Scott Vanderbilt (see data/changelogs/release.html for details). Included experimental JSON index of links extracted from Pleiades place resources to "toponym" entries in Veronique Chankowski et al. Chronique Des Fouilles En Ligne = Archaeology in Greece Online. Athens: Ecole française d'Athènes and British School at Athens, 2018, together with links to the associated Chronique archaeological reports. See data/indexes/pids2chronique.json. About Pleiades Pleiades is a community-built gazetteer and graph of ancient places. It publishes authoritative information about ancient places and spaces, providing unique services for finding, displaying, and reusing that information under open license. It publishes not just for individual human users, but also for search engines and for the widening array of computational research and visualization tools that support humanities teaching and research. Pleiades is a continuously published scholarly reference work for the 21st century. We embrace the new paradigm of citizen humanities, encouraging contributions from any knowledgeable person and doing so in a context of pervasive peer review. Pleiades welcomes your contribution, no matter how small, and we have a number of useful tasks suitable for volunteers of every interest. Credits Pleiades is brought to you by: Our volunteer content contributors (see data/rdf/authors.ttl for complete list and associated identifiers or data). Pleiades has received significant, periodic support from the National Endowment for the Humanities since 2006. Grant numbers: HK-230973-15, PA-51873-06, PX-50003-08, and PW-50557-10. Any views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Additional support has been provided since 2000 by the Ancient World Mapping Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. * Development hosting and other project incubation support was provided between 2000 and 2008 by Ross Scaife and the Stoa Consortium. Web hosting and additional support has been provided since 2008 by the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World at New York University.

This long paper examines the affordances and challenges in interdisciplinary collaboration between researchers, projects and contemporary digital research infrastructures for the analysis of ancient narratives. Our case study is Pausanias's Description of Greece a 10 volume 2nd century CE traveling guide to Greece.

This paper describes the process of gathering, aggregating, harmonizing, and publishing epistolary metadata through collaboration with Finnish cultural heritage (CH) organizations in order to create an inclusive archive for bottom-up analyses of 19th-century epistolary culture in the Grand Duchy of Finland (1808/09-1917). The authors are working in the digital humanities consortium project Constellations of Correspondence (CoCo) [1]. The unified metadata collections are harmonized, linked, enriched, and published on a Linked Open Data (LOD) service, and as a semantic web portal. In Europe, there are several digital humanities projects using well-curated metadata (detailed information about senders, recipients, dates, and places) from edited letter collections - like CKCC [2], correspSearch [3, 4], the Early Modern Letters Online (EMLO) [5][6], Norkorr [7], and SKILLNET [8]. In our project, most of the data come from unpublished collections scattered around different Finnish CH organizations. Collaboration with these CH organizations is pivotal for the successful outcome of the project. It requires a dialogue with them throughout the whole project period in the form of seminars and site visits, as well as sharing blogs and newsletters, also after the organizations have provided their letter metadata. We have also already seen that some of the participating organizations are prepared to clean their metadata or catalogue previously uncatalogued archival material to provide better and more metadata for the project. We will discuss this two-way process using the Finnish National Gallery as a case study. An important challenge yet to be studied profoundly is, if and how the CoCo project will be able to deliver to the CH organizations their metadata in an enriched format. In the first phase of the project, we conducted a survey that was sent to over 100 CH organizations (extending from small local museums to official central archives). The paper describes how the information was collected and how the survey was constructed in order to provide us with detailed enough information regarding their 19th-century collections and metadata formats. At the same time, we had to keep the query succinct in order to make the answering as effortless as possible. As to the data processing, we began with more than 350 000 letters, from eight different sources, each in its own digital format. Although the received data is mostly structured, we needed to parse running text to retrieve metadata in nearly every collection. Moreover, we had to analyze each dataset and identify possible structural mistakes. Furthermore, some records required Natural Language Processing to get actor names (e.g. senders, recipients) in dictionary format. The most difficult task has been to process word files which contain correspondence metadata in a variety of formats, easily understandable to humans but difficult for computational processing. A harmonizing data model for epistolary metadata collections was developed, which builds on international standards like CIDOC CRM to promote interoperability. The most central classes are Letter, Place and Actor. Also, provenance and archival information are included. Finally, the actor data is enriched by linking it to external databases like Wikidata and the Finnish AcademySampo and BiographySampo. These external sources provide detailed biographical information, e.g., times and places of birth and death, name variations, occupations, or genealogical relationships. Information present in the letter metadata like actor names and times of sending and receiving is used for matching entities between our data and the external databases, and further to reconcile the actors between data sources. References [1] J. Tuominen, et al., Constellations of Correspondence: a linked data service and portal for studying large and small networks of epistolary exchange in the Grand Duchy of Finland, in: 6th Digital Humanities in Nordic and Baltic Countries Conference, 2022. URL: http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3232/paper41.pdf. [2] C. van den Heuvel, Mapping knowledge exchange in Early Modern Europe: Intellectual and technological geographies and network representations, International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 9 (2015) 95–114. doi:10.3366/ijhac.2015.0140. [3] S. Dumont, S. Grabsch, J. Müller-Laackman, correspsearch – connect scholarly editions of correspondence (2.0.0) [web service], Berlin–Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 2021. URL: https://correspSearch.net. [4] S. Dumont, correspSearch – connecting scholarly editions of letters, Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative (2016). doi:10.4000/jtei.1742. [5] URL: http://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk. [6] H. Hotson, T. Wallnig (Eds.), Reassembling the Republic of Letters in the Digital Age: Standards, Systems, Scholarship, Göttingen University Press, 2019. [7] A. Rockenberger, et al., Norwegian correspondences and linked open data, in: Proceedings of the Digital Humanities in the Nordic Countries 4th Conference, volume 2364 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 2019, pp. 365–375. URL: http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2364/33_paper.pdf. [8] Sharing Knowledge in Learned and Literary Networks – The Republic of Letters as a Pan-European Knowledge Society (SKILLNET), URL: https://skillnet.nl.