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[ES] Este es el conjunto de datos experimentales utilizado en el artículo: Recubrimientos protectores sobre metales encontrados en colecciones científico-técnicas: la colección del Museo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de España (MUNCYT). Estos datos presentan resultados sobre las propiedades protectoras de diferentes recubrimientos sobre metales -bronce y acero- representativos de los encontrados en colecciones de patrimonio científico-técnico. Tras un examen previo de varios objetos para caracterizar los metales y aleaciones de la colección del Museo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (MUNCYT), se ha realizado una evaluación de los recubrimientos protectores. En concreto, se han estudiado Paraloid B-44, B-48, B-67, B-72, Incralac, Cosmolloid H80, doble capa de B-72+H80 y goma laca para realizar una primera criba con el fin de seleccionar los candidatos más prometedores para cada caso y determinar la metodología y factores clave más adecuados para el estudio. Los recubrimientos se han aplicado sobre superficies metálicas limpias y se han envejecido hasta 336 horas, mediante ciclos de luz UV y condensación de agua a temperaturas elevadas. Los cambios de aspecto de los cupones se han evaluado mediante examen visual, microscopía óptica y mediciones colorimétricas. Se ha utilizado EIS para una evaluación cuantitativa de las propiedades protectoras y FTIR para medir los cambios químicos de las capas, lo que ha permitido seguir, comprender y comparar el comportamiento de los diferentes recubrimientos y sustratos tras el envejecimiento artificial. [EN] This is the experimental dataset used in the paper: Protective coatings on metals found in scientific-technical collections: the collection of the Spanish National Museum of Science and Technology (MUNCYT). This data presents results on the protective properties of different coatings over metals -bare brass and steel- representative of those found in scientific-technical heritage collections. After a previous examination of several objects to characterise the metals and alloys in the collection of the Spanish National Museum of Science and Technology (MUNCYT), an evaluation of protective coatings has been done. Specifically, Paraloid B-44, B-48, B-67, B-72, Incralac, Cosmolloid H80, double layer of B-72+H80 and shellac have been studied to make a first screening in order to select the most promising candidates for each case and determine the most appropriate methodology and key factors for the study. Coatings have been applied on clean metal surfaces and aged up to 336 hours, by cycles of UV light and water condensation at elevated temperatures. Changes in the aspect of the coupons has been assessed by visual examination, optical microscopy and colorimetric measurements. EIS has been used for a quantitative evaluation of the protective properties and FTIR to measure chemical changes of the layers, allowing to follow, understand and compare the behaviour of the different coatings and substrates upon artificial ageing. The study was carried out in two parts, the first concerned the characterisation of the objects in the MUNCYT collection. The different metals were characterised with XFR and their original coatings with FTIR. These data can be found in the folder "Characterisation of MUNCYT objects". The second part is about the application and evaluation of the 8 coatings described in the abstract on bare steel and brass coupons. These coatings were exposed to accelerated ageing (condensation and UVA radiation) for a total of 336 hours, with an interruption in the middle of the test. The performance of the coatings was therefore monitored at time 0, time 168 hours and 336 hours. The data of this part can be consulted in the folder "Coatings evaluation", where the subfolders corresponding to each analysis technique used during the different ageing times can be found. All files are in open extensions such as .txt; .dpt and .xlsx and are protected by a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. This work has been funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF A way of making Europe”, under the project COMPACT (HAR2017-89911-R) and the predoctoral grant PRE2018-086667 additionally funded by “ESF Investing in your future”. It is also been funded by the Community of Madrid and the European Social Fund, under the TOP Heritage-CM programme (P2018/NMT-4372). Peer reviewed

The cooperation received from the Laboratory Network in Science and Technology for Heritage Conservation (RedLabPat, CEI Moncloa) and the Diocese of Alcalá is gratefully acknowledged. The present study was funded under projects CGL2011-27902, BIA2009-14395-C04-01, GEOMATERIALES (S2009/MAT-1629), CONSOLIDER-TCP (CSD2007-0058). M.I. Martínez-Garrido’s participation was supported by a Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UPM-UCM, CSIC) PICATA predoctoral fellowship. Dr. S. Aparicio worked under the Spanish National Research Council’s Post Graduate Studies Council post-doctoral program. The manuscript was edited by Margaret Clark, professional translator and English language science editor. File composed of 16 columns: Mote identifier; message number; parent of the shipment; temperature to 40 cm; temperature to 140 cm; temperature to 240cm; room temperature; medium temperature; humidity to 40 cm; humidity to 140 cm; humidity to 240cm ; ambient humidity; medium humidity; sensor temperature inside the node; date; hour Conjunto de datos de la monitorización realizada en la Iglesia de Talamanca del Jarama durante casi 1 año. Se midió temperatura y humedad a diferentes alturas de los paramentos de la iglesia ( 40, 140 , 240 cms y medidas ambientes). Las posiciones de las medidas de monitorización se pueden ver en un foto adjuntada. [ÊS] Datos de monitorización de medidas de temperatura y humedad internas de los paramentos de la Iglesia de Talamanca del Jarama a diferentes alturas 40, 140 y 240 cm y en 7 posiciones durante casi un año. [EN] Monitoring data of internal temperature and humidity measurements of the walls of the Church of Talamanca del Jarama at different heights 40, 140 and 240 cm and in 7 positions for almost a year. Peer reviewed

The study was undertaken in eleven flashed glass samples, provided by LambertsGlas® consisting of a colorless base glass covered by layers of different colors and thicknesses. This dataset consists of images of the samples; Laser-induced Breakdown Spectrocopy (LIBS) spectra; Laser-induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectra; Optical Microscopy (OM) images; UV-Vis-IR spectra and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images and the assingment of the Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis. This information allows characterizing the composition of both sides of the glasses and determining the chemilcal identification of chromophores responsible for the flashed glass coloration. Images are presented in JPG. All spectra are presented in cvs format, in a single page. Descriptions of the samples and the experimental conditions in which the spectra were taken and the name of the column values are included at the top of each page. For LIBS, 1 file per sample of elemental composition of the flashed glasses are included. Each file is composed of 2 columns (wavelength and intensity). For LIF, 1 file per sample of the analysis of fluorescent species of each flashed glass are included. Each file is composed of 2 columns (wavelength and intensity). For UV-Vis-IR spectroscopy, 1 file per sample of glass chromophores, just for the colored side. Each file is composed of 2 columns (wavelength and intensity). For FESEM-EDS, 2 files per sample. In the first one: "PHOTOS", 1 cross section image per sample is included. In the second group of files: "EDS", 1 file per sample of the assignment of the main elements. Each file is composed of 3 columns (the main elements, the results of the glass base and the colored layer in weight percentage, respectively). -- This dataset is subject to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. There are 5 files which correspond to each technic employed for the analysis of the eleven different samples. The file title "PHOTOS" contains: Fig. 1_Flashedglasses_Photo; Fig. 2_OM_Photo. The file title “LIBS” contains: LIBS_Black-Baseglass; LIBS_Black-Coloredlayer; LIBS_Blue1-Baseglass; LIBS_Blue1-Coloredlayer; LIBS_Blue2-Baseglass; LIBS_Blue2-Coloredlayer; LIBS_Blue3-Baseglass; LIBS_Blue3-Coloredlayer; LIBS_Brown1-Baseglass; LIBS_Brown1-Coloredlayer; LIBS_Brown2-Baseglass; LIBS_Brown2-Coloredlayer; LIBS_Green1-Baseglass; LIBS_Green1-Coloredlayer; LIBS_Green2-Baseglass; LIBS_Green2-Coloredlayer; LIBS_Green3-Baseglass; LIBS_Green3-Coloredlayer; LIBS_Pink1-Baseglass; LIBS_Pink1-Coloredlayer; LIBS_Pink2-Baseglass; LIBS_Pink2-Coloredlayer. The file for “LIF” contains: LIF_Black-Baseglass; LIF_Black-Coloredlayer; LIF_Blue1-Baseglass; LIF_Blue1-Coloredlayer; LIF_Blue2-Baseglass; LIF_Blue2-Coloredlayer; LIF_Blue3-Baseglass; LIF_Blue3-Coloredlayer; LIF_Brown1-Baseglass; LIF_Brown1-Coloredlayer; LIF_Brown2-Baseglass; LIF_Brown2-Coloredlayer; LIF_Green1-Baseglass; LIF_Green1-Coloredlayer; LIF_Green2-Baseglass; LIF_Green2-Coloredlayer; LIF_Green3-Baseglass; LIF_Green3-Coloredlayer; LIF_Pink1-Baseglass; LIF_Pink1-Coloredlayer; LIF_Pink2-Baseglass; LIF_Pink2-Coloredlayer. For the “FESEM-EDS” there are two files inside. One title "EDS" which contains the documents: EDS_Black; EDS_Blue1; EDS_Blue2; EDS_Blue3; EDS_Brown1; EDS_Brown2; EDS_Brown2; EDS_Green1; EDS_Green2; EDS_Green3; EDS_Pink1; EDS_Pink2. And the other called "PHOTOS" which contains: FESEM_Black; FESEM_Blue1; FESEM_Blue2; FESEM_Blue3; FESEM_Brown1; FESEM_Brown2; FESEM_Green1; FESEM_Green2; FESEM_Green3; FESEM_Pink1; FESEM_Pink2. This is the experimental dataset used in the paper Appl. Sci., 12(11), 5760 (2022) (https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/11/5760). Flashed glasses are composed of a base glass and a thin colored layer and have been used since medieval times in stained glass windows. Their study can be challenging because of their complex composition and multilayer structure. In the present work, a set of optical and spectroscopic techniques have been used for the characterization of a representative set of flashed glasses commonly used in the manufacture of stained glass windows. The structural and chemical composition of the pieces were investigated by optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (FESEM-EDS), UV-Vis-IR spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). Optical microscopy and FESEM-EDS allowed the determination of the thicknesses of the colored layers, while LIBS, EDS, UV-Vis-IR, and LIF spectroscopies served for elemental, molecular, and chromophores characterization of the base glasses and colored layers. Results obtained using the micro-invasive LIBS technique were compared with those retrieved by the cross-sectional technique FESEM-EDS, which requires sample taking, and showed significant consistency and agreement. In addition, LIBS results revealed the presence of additional elements in the composition of flashed glasses that could not be detected by FESEM-EDS. The combination of UV-Vis-IR and LIF results allowed precise chemical identification of chromophores responsible for the flashed glass coloration. This research has been funded by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) through project PID2019-104124RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, the Fundación General CSIC (ComFuturo Programme), by project TOP Heritage-CM (S2018/NMT-4372) from Community of Madrid, and by the H2020 European project IPERION HS (Integrated Platform for the European Research Infrastructure ON Heritage Science, GA 871034). Peer reviewed

This research was funded by Agencia Estatal de Investigación, grant number BES-2015- 071472; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, project CREMEL II (HAR2014-54893-R); and by Comunidad de Madrid and European Structural and Investment Funds, project TOP-HERITAGE CM (S2018/NMT-4372) Peer reviewed

The Iberian Evaporite Structure Database (IESDB) is the first overall assessment of evaporite structures developed in any region of the world. The IESDB is sourced from six different databases and more than 1,500 published and unpublished references, and includes information and figures for each of the 150 inventoried evaporite structures and their surrounding rocks. The database targets outcropping and buried diapirs, undeformed to slightly deformed evaporite successions, evaporite-cored anticlines, evaporite-detached thrusts, and allochthonous evaporite bodies. Compiled data include information about the stratigraphy, structure, event chronology, subsurface data availability, mining activity, and key bibliographic references of each indexed structure. The IESDB follows the FAIR principles of database management (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) and is presented as an open access webpage (https://ub.edu/IESDB). This research initiative is funded by the Ramón y Cajal Fellowship RyC-2018-026335-I and Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación Fellowship IJC2018-036074-I (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN) / State Research Agency of Spain (AEI) / 10.13039/501100011033) / European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Knowledge Generation Research Project PID2020-118999GB-I00 (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN) / State Research Agency of Spain (AEI) / 10.13039/501100011033) and the Consolidated Research Group “Geologia Sedimentària” (2017SGR-824). DATA & FILE OVERVIEW 1. File List: 00_IESDB_Readme IESDB_Dataset1_Generic-Data IESDB_Dataset2_Mining-Data IESDB_Dataset3_Well-and-Seismic-Data IESDB_Dataset4_Geographic-Data IESDB_Dataset5_Quantitative-Data IESDB_Dataset6_Reference-Data IESDB_Dataset7_Image-Data IESDB_Summarized-Index-Cards 00_IESDB_Readme IESDB_Dataset1_Generic-Data IESDB_Dataset2_Mining-Data IESDB_Dataset3_Well-and-Seismic-Data IESDB_Dataset4_Geographic-Data IESDB_Dataset5_Quantitative-Data IESDB_Dataset6_Reference-Data IESDB_Dataset7_Image-Data IESDB_Summarized-Index-Cards Peer reviewed

The study was undertaken in six medieval-like model glass samples UG (unaltered glass), MAK, MAR, MTA, MTB and MTN subjected to various environmental and atmospheric conditions in order to generate alteration layers of different characteristics. A potash-lime silicate glass, with composition similar to that of medieval glasses, was melted at 1400 °C during two hours, poured in a brass mould of rectangular cross section and annealed at 650 °C. The resulting glass ingot was cut in slices of around 10×10×2 mm3 and then polished using emery paper and an aqueous suspension of cerium oxide to obtain optical quality surfaces. Alteration of the glass slices was conducted by exposure to five different laboratory corrosion tests: SO2 corrosion for MAK sample, synthetic river water degradation for MAR, and degradation due to acid, basic and neutral medium for MTA, MTB and MTN, respectively. This dataset consists of images of the samples; Laser-induced Breakdown Spectrocopy (LIBS) spectra; Laser-induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectra; Optical Microscopy (OM); FT-Raman spectroscopy and Multi-Photon Excitation Fluorescence (MPEF) signals obtained with a Nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM). This information allows characterizing the composition of both body glass and determining the thickness of the degradation layer. Images are presented in JPG. All spectra are presented in cvs format, in a single page. Descriptions of the samples and the experimental conditions in which the spectra were taken and the name of the column values are included at the top of each page. For LIBS, 1 file per sample of elemental composition of the medieval-like glass are included. Each file is composed of 2 columns (wavelength and intensity). For LIF, 1 file per sample of the analysis of fluorescent species of each medieval-like glass are included. Each file is composed of 2 columns (wavelength and intensity). For NLOM, 2 files per sample. In the first one: “MPEF Safe limits”, each file is composed for 10 columns: 2 are for depth (µm) and 8 are for MPEF signal divided in two groups relating to the the power in the sample surface. In the second group of files: “MPEF profiles”, each file is composed for 4 columns: 1 is for depth (µm), 1 is the normalized MPEF intensity, 1 is the Lorentzian fit of depth (µm) and the last one Lorentzian fit. (The thicknesses of the degradation layers of the medieval-like glasses is calculated by the FWHM values of the fits after refractive index corrections). For FT-Raman, 1 file per sample of the analysis of the structure of the medieval-like glass through their vibrational modes is included. Each file is composed of 2 columns (Raman shift and intensity in arbitrary units). This dataset is subject to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. This is the experimental dataset used in the paper Eur. Phys. Plus, 136:859 (2021) (http://hdl.handle.net/10261/248668). Historical glass-based objects undergo, since the time of their manufacture, different degradation phenomena that are related to their composition and to the environment to which they were exposed. Three-dimensional (3D) structural and chemical characterization of the degradation layers is important to select the most adequate conservation strategies for glass objects. Optical microscopy (OM) is the most frequently used non-destructive method to examine the surface of historical glasses; however, the 3D structural assessment of alteration layers requires applying the destructive modality of this technique to conduct a cross-sectional study. In this work, a different approach for structural and compositional characterization of alteration layers on model medieval-like glasses is presented, based on the combination of the laser spectroscopies of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and FT-Raman, and the emerging, cutting edge technique of nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) in the modality of multiphoton excitation fluorescence (MPEF). The results obtained through this multi-analytical photonic approach were compared with those retrieved by examination of the surface and cross sections of the samples by OM and scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). While the combination of LIBS, LIF and FT-Raman served to assess the composition of the various alteration layers, the use of MPEF microscopy allowed the non-destructive determination of the thicknesses of these layers, showing for both thickness and composition a good agreement with the OM and SEM–EDS results. Thus, the proposed approach, which avoids sample preparation, illustrates the capability of non-destructive, or micro-destructive in the case of LIBS, laser spectroscopies and microscopies for the in situ study of glass objects of historic or/and artistic value There are 4 files which correspond to each technic employed for the analysis of the six different samples. The file title “LIBS” contains: LIBS_UG; LIBS_MAK; LIBS_MAR; LIBS_MTA; LIBS_MTB; LIBS_MTN. The file for “LIF” contains: LIF_UG; LIF_MAK; LIF_MAR; LIF_MTA; LIF_MTB; LIF_MTN. The file for “FT-RAMAN” contains: FT-RAMAN_UG; FT-RAMAN_MAK; FT-RAMAN_MAR; FT-RAMAN_MTA; FT-RAMAN_MTB; FT-RAMAN_MTN. For the “MPEF” there are two files inside. One title “MPEF safe limits” which contains the documents: MPEF_MAK_SL; MPEF_MAR_SL; MPEF_MTA_SL; MPEF_MTB_SL; MPEF_MTN_SL. And the other called “MPEF profiles” which contains: MPEF_MAK_PROFILE; MPEF_MAR_PROFILE; MPEF _MTA_PROFILE; MPEF _MTB_PROFILE; MPEF _MTN_PROFILE. This research has been funded by the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) through projects PID2019-104124RB-I00/AEI/1013039/501100011033, the CSIC General Foundation (ComFuturo Programme), by project TOP Heritage-CM (S2018/NMT-4372) from Community of Madrid, by the H2020 European project IPERION HS (Integrated Platform for the European Research Infrastructure ON Heritage Science, GA 871034). Support by CSIC Interdisciplinary Platform “Open Heritage: Research and Society” (PTI-PAIS) is acknowledged. M.O. thanks CSIC for a contract. The authors also thank M.A. Villegas and M. García Heras (Institute of History, CSIC) for fruitful discussions on historical glasses. Peer reviewed

This special issue of ‘CSIC Investiga. Journal of Science’ shows the performance of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) within the EU R&D framewok programme Horizon 2020. It presents reportages on research projects about Qur’an heritage in Europe, the exploration of Mars, the new robots that assist people, more efficient parasites controls in fishery, new sustainable packaging, methods to trace asymptomatic tuberculosis transmisión, and the historic legacy of the Senegal’s region of Pathiana, among others. Head of Communication: Abel Grau; Editorial board: Esther M. García Pastor, Alejandro Parrilla García; Writers: Lucía Casas Piñeiro, Isidoro García Cano, Esther M. García Pastor, Carmen Fernández, Ana Iglesias, Mónica Lara del Vigo, Silbia López de Lacalle, Víctor Lloret Blackburn, Alejandro Parrilla García, Belén Remacha; Photography: César Hernández, Álvaro Muñoz Guzmán, Joan Costa, Artur Martínez y Pau Franch; Translation: Fabiola Barraclough.

Bases de datos (en formato hoja de cálculo LibreOffice) con las coordenadas tridimensionales de las delimitaciones y retículos de profundidad de las subunidaders estratigráficas y con las descripciones analíticas de los restos de fauna y de industria lítica. Se incluyen también otros datos analíticos de los materiales. Agencias financiadoras: CSIC, CONICET, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (España) y Ministerio de Cultura (España). Bases de datos -LibreOffice- con analíticas y posicionales del sitio Túnel VII Peer reviewed

[EN] Programa del Congreso Internacional “Western Europe in the First Millennium BC: Crossing the divide”, organizado por Tom Moore y Xosé-Lois Armada y celebrado en el Departamento de Arqueología de la Universidad de Durham, Reino Unido (23-25 de noviembre de 2007). [ES] Programme of the International conference “Western Europe in the First Millennium BC: Crossing the divide”, organized by Tom Moore and Xosé-Lois Armada and held at the Department of Archaeology, Durham University, UK (November 23-25th, 2007).