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The firn core array of the North Greenland Traverse (NGT) provides unique climatic information for North Greenland until the mid 1990ies. In order to extend this climate record into more recent time, some of the drill sites were revisited and extension cores were drilled. The record is a composite of snow liners (from the surface to 1.29 m depth) and a consecutive firn core from 1.47 m depth to 30.00 m depth with a diameter of 75 cm. Density was measured by weighing the 55 cm long bags. Stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O) were measured at the Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark. Using raw, un-calibrated dielectrical profiling (DEP) data from the field (NEEM Set-up), volcanic tie points were derived. Together with the smoothed density data and the isotopic composition the record was dated by layer counting. The annual mean values of δ18O were obtained based on this dating. Based on the density measurements and the dating, the annual accumulation rate in water equivalent depth was derived.

The firn core array of the North Greenland Traverse (NGT) provides unique climatic information for North Greenland until the mid 1990ies. In order to extend this climate record into more recent time, some of the drill sites were revisited and extension cores were drilled. The record is a composite of snow liners (from the surface to 1.29 m depth) and a consecutive firn core from 1.47 m depth to 30.00 m depth with a diameter of 75 cm. Density was measured by weighing the 55 cm long bags. Stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O) were measured at the Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark. Using raw, un-calibrated dielectrical profiling (DEP) data from the field (NEEM Set-up), volcanic tie points were derived. Together with the smoothed density data and the isotopic composition the record was dated by layer counting. The annual mean values of δ18O were obtained based on this dating. Based on the density measurements and the dating, the annual accumulation rate in water equivalent depth was derived. This data set belongs to the data sets of firn cores B18_2012, B21_2012, B23_2012 and NGRIP_2012.

The firn core array of the North Greenland Traverse (NGT) provides unique climatic information for North Greenland until the mid 1990ies. In order to extend this climate record into more recent time, some of the drill sites were revisited and extension cores were drilled. The record is a composite of snow liners (from the surface to 1.29 m depth) and a consecutive firn core from 1.47 m depth to 30.00 m depth with a diameter of 75 cm. Density was measured by weighing the 55 cm long bags. Stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O) were measured at the Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark. Using raw, un-calibrated dielectrical profiling (DEP) data from the field (NEEM Set-up), volcanic tie points were derived. Together with the smoothed density data and the isotopic composition the record was dated by layer counting. The annual mean values of δ18O were obtained based on this dating. Based on the density measurements and the dating, the annual accumulation rate in water equivalent depth was derived.

The firn core array of the North Greenland Traverse (NGT) provides unique climatic information for North Greenland until the mid 1990ies. In order to extend this climate record into more recent time, some of the drill sites were revisited and extension cores were drilled. The record is a composite of snow liners (from the surface to 1.29 m depth) and a consecutive firn core from 1.47 m depth to 30.00 m depth with a diameter of 75 cm. Density was measured by weighing the 55 cm long bags. Stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O) were measured at the Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark. Using raw, un-calibrated dielectrical profiling (DEP) data from the field (NEEM Set-up), volcanic tie points were derived. Together with the smoothed density data and the isotopic composition the record was dated by layer counting. The annual mean values of δ18O were obtained based on this dating. Based on the density measurements and the dating, the annual accumulation rate in water equivalent depth was derived.

The firn core array of the North Greenland Traverse (NGT) provides unique climatic information for North Greenland until the mid 1990ies. In order to extend this climate record into more recent time, some of the drill sites were revisited and extension cores were drilled. The record is a composite of snow liners (from the surface to 1.29 m depth) and a consecutive firn core from 1.47 m depth to 30.00 m depth with a diameter of 75 cm. Density was measured by weighing the 55 cm long bags. Stable oxygen isotopes (δ18O) were measured at the Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark. Using raw, un-calibrated dielectrical profiling (DEP) data from the field (NEEM Set-up), volcanic tie points were derived. Together with the smoothed density data and the isotopic composition the record was dated by layer counting. The annual mean values of δ18O were obtained based on this dating. Based on the density measurements and the dating, the annual accumulation rate in water equivalent depth was derived.

This data set displays a refined age scale for the U1361A marine sediment core (64.41°S, 143.89°E, 3,454 m water depth), recovered from the continental rise offshore of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition (Escutia et al. 2011). This age scale is a refined version of the age scale published in Wilson et al. 2018. Here we use the AICC2012 ice core chronology as a reference curve in order to compare the late Pleistocene sediment core data from U1361A to the TALDICE ice core record. Specifically, we refine the existing U1361A age model through the alignment of barium/aluminium (Ba/Al) ratios from XRF-scanning7 with the EDC δD record on the AICC2012 age scale. We apply a conservative tuning strategy to align the two records, using tie points (derived by visual matching) only at the mid-points of the major glacial terminations I-V. Over the interval of interest for the present study (i.e. ~100-350 ka), the new age model for core U1361 differs by only 0 to 6 ka compared to the previous age model in which the sedimentation rate was assumed to be constant. The Nd and IBRD (ice rafted debris) and 143 Nd/144 Nd records for the U1361A published in Wilson et al. (2018) are drawn on the refined age scale. IBRD was measured by weighing after wet-sievingIBRD (ire rafted debris) and 143Nd/144Nd records of the U1361A sediment core (Wilson et al. 2018) drawn of the refined age scale tuned on the AICC2012 chronology for EDC (Bazin et al. 2013)

Additional file 2: Table S1. Description of the studies included in the analyses.

This data set displays a refined age scale for the U1361A marine sediment core (64.41°S, 143.89°E, 3,454 m water depth), recovered from the continental rise offshore of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition (Escutia et al. 2011). This age scale is a refined version of the age scale published in Wilson et al. 2018. Here we use the AICC2012 ice core chronology as a reference curve in order to compare the late Pleistocene sediment core data from U1361A to the TALDICE ice core record. Specifically, we refine the existing U1361A age model through the alignment of barium/aluminium (Ba/Al) ratios from XRF-scanning7 with the EDC δD record on the AICC2012 age scale. We apply a conservative tuning strategy to align the two records, using tie points (derived by visual matching) only at the mid-points of the major glacial terminations I-V. Over the interval of interest for the present study (i.e. ~100-350 ka), the new age model for core U1361 differs by only 0 to 6 ka compared to the previous age model in which the sedimentation rate was assumed to be constant. The Nd and IBRD (ice rafted debris) and 143 Nd/144 Nd records for the U1361A published in Wilson et al. (2018) are drawn on the refined age scale. 2 s.e. = internal precision (2s level) on sample measurement 2 s.d. = external reproducibility estimated from the within-session standard deviation (2s.d.) on JNdi-1 standards Over the course of the analyses, measurements of rock standard BCR-2 gave 143Nd/144Nd = 0.512640 ± 0.000016 (n=31)IBRD (ire rafted debris) and 143Nd/144Nd records of the U1361A sediment core (Wilson et al. 2018) drawn of the refined age scale tuned on the AICC2012 chronology for EDC (Bazin et al. 2013)