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  • Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage
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  • The Tromsø Repository of Language a...

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Knell, Georgia; De Cuypere, Ludovic; Manouilidou, Christina;

    Dataset abstract The data collected includes lexical decision data and reaction time data from 56 participants. Three sets of 30 two-suffixed pseudowords were created, each based on a type of grammatical constraint attested in the literature, and presented along with 120 existing two-suffixed English words and 30 nonwords. The data aims to shed light on the as-yet understudied subject of the processing of two-suffixed complex words. R, R version 4.0.5 (2021-03-31) RStudio, Version 1.4.1106

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The Tromsø Repositor...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: B2FIND
    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The Tromsø Repositor...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: B2FIND
      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Van Hulle, Sven; Enghels, Renata;

    The dataset contains the quantitative data used to create the tables and graphics in the article "The category of throw verbs as productive source of the Spanish inchoative construction." The data from the 21th century originates from the Spanish Web Corpus (esTenTen18), accessed via Sketch Engine. Only the subcorpus for European Spanish Data was selected. After downloading, the samples were manually cleaned. In the dataset, maximally 500 tokens were retained per auxiliary. For the earlier centuries, the data was extracted from the Corpus Diacrónico del Español (Corde). See Spanish_ThrowVerbs_Inchoatives_queries_20230413.txt for the specific corpus queries that were used. The data were annotated for the infinitive observed after the preposition 'a' and for the semantic class to which this infinitive belongs, following the existing ADESSE classification (see below), besides other criteria that are not taken into account for this study. Concretely, the variables 'Century', 'INF' (infinitive) and 'Class' were used as input for the analysis (see data-specific sections below for more information about the variables). The empirical analysis is based on the downloaded data from the Spanish Web corpus (esTenTen18) (Kilgariff & Renau 2013). The Spanish Web corpus contains 20.3 billion words, from which 3.5 billion belong to the European Spanish domain. This corpus contains internet data, with observations originating from fora, blogs, Wikipedia, etc. Only the subcorpus with European Spanish data was consulted. The search syntax that was used to detect the inchoative construction was the following: “[lemma="echar"] [tag="R.*"]{0,3}"a"[tag="V.*"] within ” (consult Spanish_ThrowVerbs_Inchoatives_queries_20230413.txt for all corpus queries). After downloading, all the observations were manually cleaned. In total, the dataset contains, after the removal of false positives, 5514 tokens with a maximum of 500 tokens per auxiliary. False positive tokens were, for example, tagging errors wrongly coding nouns, such as Superman, Pokémon, Irán, among others, as infinitives, and also observations in which the auxiliary in combination with the infinitive did not express the inchoative value but its orginal semantic meaning, such as "saltar a nadar", for example, which means “to jump to swim” and not “to start to swim”. Of the auxiliaries with less than 500 relevant tokens in the esTenTen corpus, all tokens in the dataset were retained; for the auxiliaries with more than 500 tokens in the esTenTen corpus, only the first 500 were selected. For this specific study on the throw verbs, only the following auxilaries were retained: arrojar, disparar, echar, lanzar and tirar. For the diachronic data, the Corpus Diacrónico del Español (CORDE) was consulted. See Spanish_ThrowVerbs_Inchoatives_queries_20230413.txt for the specific queries that were used to retrieve the data in CORDE.

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    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: B2FIND
    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: Datacite
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      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: B2FIND
      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Verroens, Filip;

    Dataset abstract: The dataset includes an annotated corpus sample of N = 2000 French sentences with se mettre à or commencer à (1000 observations of each verb). The sample was drawn from the literary corpus Frantext and the journalistic corpus Le Monde (1000 observations from both corpora). The sample is balanced for verb as well as corpus, so we have 500 observations for each Verb-Corpus combination. The data is annotated for 3 variables: Source (corpus), Verb, collexeme. Article abstract: This paper examines the semantic value of the infinitive in the ingressive constructions se mettre à (SMA) and commencer à (COMA) using a distinctive collexeme analysis. We find that the collexemes significant for the construction SMA are fairly homogeneous across the different corpora and can be grouped into the general category of expressive collexemes. The collexemes significant for COMA are more heterogeneous and belong to the category of cognitive collexemes and to semantic fields of sensory and creative acts. The results are compatible with the hypothesis put forward by Verroens and De Cuypere (2023) stating that the overall meaning of the SMA construction is intrinsically punctual. The punctual value of SMA is not only compatible with expressive collexemes, but, moreover, emphasizes their unforeseen and unintentional meaning. Conversely, the incremental value of COMA is consistent with the gradual onset of cognitive and sensory collexemes. Verroens, F., & De Cuypere, L. (2023). French ingressives and (phasal) aspect: A frame-semantic corpus-based analysis. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue Canadienne de Linguistique, 68(3), 435-461. doi:10.1017/cnj.2023.19 PerlClx, 1.0b MS Excel, Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2016

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    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: B2FIND
    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The Tromsø Repositor...arrow_drop_down
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      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: B2FIND
      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Aerts, Simon;

    Dataset includes annotated corpus data from Latin texts from the 3rd c. BCE until the 6th c. CE. Attestations of 'perfectum' stem forms of a selection of common stative verbs were extracted from major online corpora (about 14.000 data points); a random sample (n = 234) that represents all text types and time periods as evenly as possible was then subjected to a close-reading analysis in order to ascertain the attestation rate of 'ingressive' meaning with the target observations. Only the data points that were annotated in full are included in the current dataset. The datasets in this series contain the replication data for research papers published within the FWO-funded project "Tracing change and reaction in the Latin tense system: an empirical analysis of language-internal and language-external influences on the development of morphological innovations and form-function pairings from Early Latin to Early Romance".

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The Tromsø Repositor...arrow_drop_down
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    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: Datacite
    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: B2FIND
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The Tromsø Repositor...arrow_drop_down
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      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: Datacite
      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: B2FIND
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jansegers, Marlies; Melis, Chantal; Arrington Báez, Jennie Elenor;

    Dataset description: This dataset contains one data file (.csv) used to create the tables in the paper "Diverging grammaticalization patterns across Spanish varieties: the case of perdón in Mexican and Peninsular Spanish". The data used to investigate the contemporary uses of the apology marker perdón come from a sizeable, manually annotated corpus consisting of spoken spontaneous conversations and interviews, recorded during the last quarter of the 20th century and the first decades of the 21st century. The following list of existing, spoken corpora were exploited: Corpus del Proyecto para el Estudio Sociolingüístico del Español de España y de América (PRESEEA), América y España español coloquial (AMERESCO), Corpus Sociolingüístico de la Ciudad de México (CSCM), Corpus del Habla de Baja California (CHBC) and Corpus Michoacano del Español (CME) for Mexican Spanish and Corpus Oral de Madrid (CORMA), Valencia Español Coloquial (Val.Es.Co.), Corpus Oral de Referencia del Español Contemporáneo (CORLEC), Corpus integrado de referencia en lenguas romances (C-ORAL-ROM) and Corpus del Proyecto para el Estudio Sociolingüístico del Español de España y de América (PRESEEA) for Peninsular Spanish. The data file includes all occurrences of perdón ('sorry') together with its near-synonymous apologetic markers such as lo siento ('I am sorry') and forms derived from the performative verbs perdonar ('to forgive') and disculpar ('to apologize'). It contains a total of 769 occurrences: 363 cases for Mexican Spanish and 406 for Peninsular Spanish. The data is annotated for (i) Spanish variety, (ii) corpus, (iii) form, (iv) type of offense, (v) face affected (positive face/negative face) and (vi) orientation of the face (speaker/hearer). Article abstract: This study investigates the contemporary grammaticalized uses of perdón (‘sorry’) in two varieties of Spanish, namely Mexican and Peninsular Spanish. Methodologically, the investigation is based on a taxonomy of offenses, organized around the concept of face and based on spoken data of Spanish from Mexico and Spain. This taxonomy turns out to be a fruitful methodological tool for the analysis of apologetic markers: it does not only offer usage-based evidence for previous theorizing concerning the grammaticalization process of apologetic markers, but also leads to a refinement of these previous results from a contrastive point of view. Evidence from both corpora suggests a more advanced stage in the grammaticalization process of perdón in Mexican Spanish, where it can be used not only as a self-face-saving device geared towards the positive face of the speaker, but also in turn-taking contexts oriented towards the negative face of the interlocutor. Peninsular Spanish, on the other hand, resorts to a more varied gamut of apologetic markers in these contexts.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ The Tromsø Repositor...arrow_drop_down
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    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: B2FIND
    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: Datacite
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      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: B2FIND
      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Krug, Manfred; Vetter, Fabian; Sönning, Lukas;

    Abstract: Related publication In empirical work, ordinal variables are typically analyzed using means based on numeric scores assigned to categories. While this strategy has met with justified criticism in the methodological literature, it also generates simple and informative data summaries, a standard often not met by statistically more adequate procedures. Motivated by a survey of how ordered variables are dealt with in language research, we draw attention to an un(der)used latent-variable approach to ordinal data modeling, which constitutes an alternative perspective on the most widely used form of ordered regression, the cumulative model. Since the latent-variable approach does not feature in any of the studies in our survey, we believe it is worthwhile to promote its benefits. To this end, we draw on questionnaire-based preference ratings by speakers of Maltese English, who indicated on a 5-point scale which of two synonymous expressions (e.g. package-parcel) they (tend to) use. We demonstrate that a latent-variable formulation of the cumulative model affords nuanced and interpretable data summaries that can be visualized effectively, while at the same time avoiding limitations inherent in mean response models (e.g. distortions induced by floor and ceiling effects). The online supplementary materials include a tutorial for its implementation in R. This dataset contains tabular files with information about the usage preferences of speakers of Maltese English with regard to 63 pairs of lexical expressions. These pairs (e.g. truck-lorry or realization-realisation) are known to differ in usage between BrE and AmE (cf. Algeo 2006). The data were elicited with a questionnaire that asks informants to indicate whether they always use one of the two variants, prefer one over the other, have no preference, or do not use either expression (see Krug and Sell 2013 for methodological details). Usage preferences were therefore measured on a symmetric 5-point ordinal scale. Data were collected between 2008 to 2018, as part of a larger research project on lexical and grammatical variation in settings where English is spoken as a native, second, or foreign language. The current dataset, which we use for our methodological study on ordinal data modeling strategies, consists of a subset of 500 speakers that is roughly balanced on year of birth.

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    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: B2FIND
    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: Datacite
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      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: B2FIND
      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Aerts, Simon;

    Dataset includes annotated corpus data from Latin texts from the 3rd c. BCE until the 10th c. CE. Attestations of forms of both the original construction ('PP-BE.inf.', e.g. 'cantatus est') and the innovation ('PP-BE.perf.', e.g. 'cantatus fuit') for the expression of the passive (taken together with forms of deponent verbs into 'nonactive') of perfectum stem tenses were extracted from major online corpora (331.131 data points); a random sample (n = 383) of data points of PP-BE.inf. that represents all text types and time periods as evenly as possible was then subjected to a close-reading analysis in order to ascertain the attestation rate of meanings for which it competed with the innovation PP-BE.perf. (specialized in ANTERIORITY) and the present tense (specialized in present events or situations). Only the data points that were annotated in full in this second phase are included in the current dataset. For the data points examined in the first phase, only the formal categories in the list below were annotated to the extent that these annotations are not subject to interpretation. The datasets in this series contain the replication data for research papers published within the FWO-funded project "Tracing change and reaction in the Latin tense system: an empirical analysis of language-internal and language-external influences on the development of morphological innovations and form-function pairings from Early Latin to Early Romance".

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    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: B2FIND
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    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: B2FIND
      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Schwebler, Miriam;

    This dataset contains corpus statistical calculations that were used to investigate patterns of linguistic place-making in the German language. Patterns are defined here primarily as typical words and word combinations (collected as ngrams and collocations). Those were obtained from a text corpus specifically created for this analysis (not published). The text corpus has a size of 2,630,095 tokens and contains only texts in which one or more geographical places form the main topic. It turned out that these are primarily texts from tourism contexts. The corpus therefore includes 34 travel guides, 145 texts from place/travel blogs, 65 journalistic texts and 73 (city) marketing texts. The analyses were carried out with #LancsBox. Initial analyses quickly made it clear that patterns that refer specifically to places can only be distinguished from other patterns if the corpus is semantically annotated. In this annotation process, nouns that refer to places were tagged (German: Placebezeichnungen, therefore abbreviated as PB). This makes it possible to evaluate their frequency and distribution in the corpus. On the other hand, it is possible to calculate their collocations. In other words: It is possible to calculate which words typically appear together with which words. Detailed analyses were then carried out for words with which place-referring nouns collocate particularly intensively (so-called collocation profiles). In this way, typical usage contexts can be determined and patterns of place-making can be identified. The dataset contains data on the frequency, distribution and typical collocations of place-referring nouns, as well as the collocation profiles of words that collocate particularly frequently with place-referring nouns. The analysis and the resulting conclusions on the patterns of linguistic place-making can be found in the related publication. Abstract of the related publication: Places are geographical areas or spots that are meaningful to people. The members of a discourse community can clearly identify places and name certain characteristics. The process of place-making, which has been theorized in sociology and geography, is thus – viewed from a linguistic perspective - a process of knowledge transfer: if people know something about a geographical area or spot, it becomes a place for them. This knowledge is negotiated and communicated linguistically in discourses. The study deals with the questions of (a) which knowledge is relevant in place-making processes and (b) how it is verbalized. To answer these questions, linguistic patterns are collected in a representative corpus. In this process, common nouns that refer to places (so-called Placebezeichnungen) play a special role - both in terms of content and methodology. They are semantically annotated and form the anchor points of collocation analyses.

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    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: Datacite
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      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Ponnet, Aaricia; De Cuypere, Ludovic;

    Article abstract This article investigates the acquisition of Differential Object Marking (DOM) in Hindi as a foreign language based on a longitudinal study with five L1 Dutch speakers. A first aim of the study is to verify findings in previous cross-sectional studies. DOM in Hindi is governed by animacy and specificity and is particularly hard to acquire, with heritage speakers and advanced L2 learners omitting the direct object (DO) marker. A second aim is to investigate whether we can find evidence of either L1 influence, item-based learning or semantic mapping, testing explanations by Montrul et al. (2012, 2015, 2019), Narasimhan (2005, 2020) and Baten and Ponnet (2023). Data collected over four observation points confirmed high DOM omissions. Using a mixed effects logistic regression analysis, we found an increase in marking for human animate, specific DOs, and also for non-human animate and inanimate specific nouns. Our findings suggest that learners initially expand the optionality of -ko due to the complex syntactic-semantic constraints (possibly enhanced by L1 transfer) before gradually adapting to its constraints (possibly emerging through item-based learning). Dataset abstract The dataset includes annotated spoken corpus data of N = 3685 utterances, created with a picture description task that elicited semi-spontaneous oral production data from N = 5 learners of Hindi at a Belgian institute. Following a longitudinal design, we gathered data during four observations. These found place in the second (Time1), third (Time2; Time3) and fourth semester (time4) of their Hindi course trajectory. The corpus data is annotated for (i) Learner, (ii) Time of elicitation, (iii) the use of -ko as a Differential Object Marker and (iv) -ko as another marker, as well as multiple features associated with ko-marking, including: (v) Specificity of the Direct Object, (vi) Animacy of the Direct Object, (vii) the (lemmatized) sentence verb, (viii) the (lemmatized) head of the Direct Object Noun Phrase, (ix) the (lemmatized) head of the Noun Phrase associated with other uses of -ko, and (x) the semantic role of these other uses of the ko-marker.

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    Dataset . 2023
    Data sources: B2FIND
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    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2023
    Data sources: Datacite
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      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2023
      Data sources: B2FIND
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      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2023
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: De Latte, Fien;

    Dataset abstract: The two data files in this dataset contain the annotated data used to conduct the Apparent-Time and micro-diachronic analysis presented in the paper "Vocativos contraculturales: cambios paradigmáticos y difusión hasta el español coloquial actual". The first data file contains 1107 tokens of a carefully selected set of vocatives, including the most productive Spanish countercultural "cheli slang" vocatives 'tío/-a', 'tronco/-a', 'chaval-/a', 'colega', 'socio/-a', 'pibe/-a' y 'titi', in addition to the more general ones 'chico/-a', 'guapo/-a' and 'macho/-a'. These were extracted from CORMA, a conversational corpus of peninsular Spanish, recorded between 2016 and 2019, in order to conduct the Apparent-Time analysis. The second data file contains 832 tokens of the same vocatives, retrieved from different corpora of conversational peninsular Spanish recorded between the 80s and the first decade of the 21st century, in order to conduct the complementary micro-diachronic analysis. The data from the first data file are annotated for (i) form and (ii) generation of the speaker, while the data from the second data file are annotated for (i) form, (ii) corpus, and (iii) decade. Article abstract: The present study aims to explore the diffusion, and its underlying factors, of the most emblematic vocatives of the Spanish countercultural cheli slang in the decades after the countercultural boom. By adopting an empirical approach, we examine how the leading vocatives from the cheli paradigm (e.g. tío/-a ‘dude/girl’) have spread in colloquial Spanish over the last fifty years, in contrast with a selection of vocatives marked by a more general meaning and usage (e.g. chico/-a ‘boy/girl’). Special attention will be paid to changes in productivity of the analyzed forms. To this end, we analyze data from different corpora of spoken Spanish, namely CORLEC (90s), COLAm (2000s), and CORMA (2016-2019), which represent data from different decades. These corpus data are combined with documentary materials. Results suggest that the semantic features, as well as the expressive power of the vocatives under scrutiny, play a crucial role in their trajectory until recent years.

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    Dataset . 2023
    Data sources: B2FIND
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    Dataset . 2023
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Data sources: B2FIND
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      Dataset . 2023
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    Authors: Knell, Georgia; De Cuypere, Ludovic; Manouilidou, Christina;

    Dataset abstract The data collected includes lexical decision data and reaction time data from 56 participants. Three sets of 30 two-suffixed pseudowords were created, each based on a type of grammatical constraint attested in the literature, and presented along with 120 existing two-suffixed English words and 30 nonwords. The data aims to shed light on the as-yet understudied subject of the processing of two-suffixed complex words. R, R version 4.0.5 (2021-03-31) RStudio, Version 1.4.1106

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    Data sources: B2FIND
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    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Van Hulle, Sven; Enghels, Renata;

    The dataset contains the quantitative data used to create the tables and graphics in the article "The category of throw verbs as productive source of the Spanish inchoative construction." The data from the 21th century originates from the Spanish Web Corpus (esTenTen18), accessed via Sketch Engine. Only the subcorpus for European Spanish Data was selected. After downloading, the samples were manually cleaned. In the dataset, maximally 500 tokens were retained per auxiliary. For the earlier centuries, the data was extracted from the Corpus Diacrónico del Español (Corde). See Spanish_ThrowVerbs_Inchoatives_queries_20230413.txt for the specific corpus queries that were used. The data were annotated for the infinitive observed after the preposition 'a' and for the semantic class to which this infinitive belongs, following the existing ADESSE classification (see below), besides other criteria that are not taken into account for this study. Concretely, the variables 'Century', 'INF' (infinitive) and 'Class' were used as input for the analysis (see data-specific sections below for more information about the variables). The empirical analysis is based on the downloaded data from the Spanish Web corpus (esTenTen18) (Kilgariff & Renau 2013). The Spanish Web corpus contains 20.3 billion words, from which 3.5 billion belong to the European Spanish domain. This corpus contains internet data, with observations originating from fora, blogs, Wikipedia, etc. Only the subcorpus with European Spanish data was consulted. The search syntax that was used to detect the inchoative construction was the following: “[lemma="echar"] [tag="R.*"]{0,3}"a"[tag="V.*"] within ” (consult Spanish_ThrowVerbs_Inchoatives_queries_20230413.txt for all corpus queries). After downloading, all the observations were manually cleaned. In total, the dataset contains, after the removal of false positives, 5514 tokens with a maximum of 500 tokens per auxiliary. False positive tokens were, for example, tagging errors wrongly coding nouns, such as Superman, Pokémon, Irán, among others, as infinitives, and also observations in which the auxiliary in combination with the infinitive did not express the inchoative value but its orginal semantic meaning, such as "saltar a nadar", for example, which means “to jump to swim” and not “to start to swim”. Of the auxiliaries with less than 500 relevant tokens in the esTenTen corpus, all tokens in the dataset were retained; for the auxiliaries with more than 500 tokens in the esTenTen corpus, only the first 500 were selected. For this specific study on the throw verbs, only the following auxilaries were retained: arrojar, disparar, echar, lanzar and tirar. For the diachronic data, the Corpus Diacrónico del Español (CORDE) was consulted. See Spanish_ThrowVerbs_Inchoatives_queries_20230413.txt for the specific queries that were used to retrieve the data in CORDE.

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    Authors: Verroens, Filip;

    Dataset abstract: The dataset includes an annotated corpus sample of N = 2000 French sentences with se mettre à or commencer à (1000 observations of each verb). The sample was drawn from the literary corpus Frantext and the journalistic corpus Le Monde (1000 observations from both corpora). The sample is balanced for verb as well as corpus, so we have 500 observations for each Verb-Corpus combination. The data is annotated for 3 variables: Source (corpus), Verb, collexeme. Article abstract: This paper examines the semantic value of the infinitive in the ingressive constructions se mettre à (SMA) and commencer à (COMA) using a distinctive collexeme analysis. We find that the collexemes significant for the construction SMA are fairly homogeneous across the different corpora and can be grouped into the general category of expressive collexemes. The collexemes significant for COMA are more heterogeneous and belong to the category of cognitive collexemes and to semantic fields of sensory and creative acts. The results are compatible with the hypothesis put forward by Verroens and De Cuypere (2023) stating that the overall meaning of the SMA construction is intrinsically punctual. The punctual value of SMA is not only compatible with expressive collexemes, but, moreover, emphasizes their unforeseen and unintentional meaning. Conversely, the incremental value of COMA is consistent with the gradual onset of cognitive and sensory collexemes. Verroens, F., & De Cuypere, L. (2023). French ingressives and (phasal) aspect: A frame-semantic corpus-based analysis. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue Canadienne de Linguistique, 68(3), 435-461. doi:10.1017/cnj.2023.19 PerlClx, 1.0b MS Excel, Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2016

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      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
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      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
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    Authors: Aerts, Simon;

    Dataset includes annotated corpus data from Latin texts from the 3rd c. BCE until the 6th c. CE. Attestations of 'perfectum' stem forms of a selection of common stative verbs were extracted from major online corpora (about 14.000 data points); a random sample (n = 234) that represents all text types and time periods as evenly as possible was then subjected to a close-reading analysis in order to ascertain the attestation rate of 'ingressive' meaning with the target observations. Only the data points that were annotated in full are included in the current dataset. The datasets in this series contain the replication data for research papers published within the FWO-funded project "Tracing change and reaction in the Latin tense system: an empirical analysis of language-internal and language-external influences on the development of morphological innovations and form-function pairings from Early Latin to Early Romance".

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    DataverseNO
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    Data sources: Datacite
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      DataverseNO
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    Authors: Jansegers, Marlies; Melis, Chantal; Arrington Báez, Jennie Elenor;

    Dataset description: This dataset contains one data file (.csv) used to create the tables in the paper "Diverging grammaticalization patterns across Spanish varieties: the case of perdón in Mexican and Peninsular Spanish". The data used to investigate the contemporary uses of the apology marker perdón come from a sizeable, manually annotated corpus consisting of spoken spontaneous conversations and interviews, recorded during the last quarter of the 20th century and the first decades of the 21st century. The following list of existing, spoken corpora were exploited: Corpus del Proyecto para el Estudio Sociolingüístico del Español de España y de América (PRESEEA), América y España español coloquial (AMERESCO), Corpus Sociolingüístico de la Ciudad de México (CSCM), Corpus del Habla de Baja California (CHBC) and Corpus Michoacano del Español (CME) for Mexican Spanish and Corpus Oral de Madrid (CORMA), Valencia Español Coloquial (Val.Es.Co.), Corpus Oral de Referencia del Español Contemporáneo (CORLEC), Corpus integrado de referencia en lenguas romances (C-ORAL-ROM) and Corpus del Proyecto para el Estudio Sociolingüístico del Español de España y de América (PRESEEA) for Peninsular Spanish. The data file includes all occurrences of perdón ('sorry') together with its near-synonymous apologetic markers such as lo siento ('I am sorry') and forms derived from the performative verbs perdonar ('to forgive') and disculpar ('to apologize'). It contains a total of 769 occurrences: 363 cases for Mexican Spanish and 406 for Peninsular Spanish. The data is annotated for (i) Spanish variety, (ii) corpus, (iii) form, (iv) type of offense, (v) face affected (positive face/negative face) and (vi) orientation of the face (speaker/hearer). Article abstract: This study investigates the contemporary grammaticalized uses of perdón (‘sorry’) in two varieties of Spanish, namely Mexican and Peninsular Spanish. Methodologically, the investigation is based on a taxonomy of offenses, organized around the concept of face and based on spoken data of Spanish from Mexico and Spain. This taxonomy turns out to be a fruitful methodological tool for the analysis of apologetic markers: it does not only offer usage-based evidence for previous theorizing concerning the grammaticalization process of apologetic markers, but also leads to a refinement of these previous results from a contrastive point of view. Evidence from both corpora suggests a more advanced stage in the grammaticalization process of perdón in Mexican Spanish, where it can be used not only as a self-face-saving device geared towards the positive face of the speaker, but also in turn-taking contexts oriented towards the negative face of the interlocutor. Peninsular Spanish, on the other hand, resorts to a more varied gamut of apologetic markers in these contexts.

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    Authors: Krug, Manfred; Vetter, Fabian; Sönning, Lukas;

    Abstract: Related publication In empirical work, ordinal variables are typically analyzed using means based on numeric scores assigned to categories. While this strategy has met with justified criticism in the methodological literature, it also generates simple and informative data summaries, a standard often not met by statistically more adequate procedures. Motivated by a survey of how ordered variables are dealt with in language research, we draw attention to an un(der)used latent-variable approach to ordinal data modeling, which constitutes an alternative perspective on the most widely used form of ordered regression, the cumulative model. Since the latent-variable approach does not feature in any of the studies in our survey, we believe it is worthwhile to promote its benefits. To this end, we draw on questionnaire-based preference ratings by speakers of Maltese English, who indicated on a 5-point scale which of two synonymous expressions (e.g. package-parcel) they (tend to) use. We demonstrate that a latent-variable formulation of the cumulative model affords nuanced and interpretable data summaries that can be visualized effectively, while at the same time avoiding limitations inherent in mean response models (e.g. distortions induced by floor and ceiling effects). The online supplementary materials include a tutorial for its implementation in R. This dataset contains tabular files with information about the usage preferences of speakers of Maltese English with regard to 63 pairs of lexical expressions. These pairs (e.g. truck-lorry or realization-realisation) are known to differ in usage between BrE and AmE (cf. Algeo 2006). The data were elicited with a questionnaire that asks informants to indicate whether they always use one of the two variants, prefer one over the other, have no preference, or do not use either expression (see Krug and Sell 2013 for methodological details). Usage preferences were therefore measured on a symmetric 5-point ordinal scale. Data were collected between 2008 to 2018, as part of a larger research project on lexical and grammatical variation in settings where English is spoken as a native, second, or foreign language. The current dataset, which we use for our methodological study on ordinal data modeling strategies, consists of a subset of 500 speakers that is roughly balanced on year of birth.

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    DataverseNO
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      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: B2FIND
      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2024
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    Authors: Aerts, Simon;

    Dataset includes annotated corpus data from Latin texts from the 3rd c. BCE until the 10th c. CE. Attestations of forms of both the original construction ('PP-BE.inf.', e.g. 'cantatus est') and the innovation ('PP-BE.perf.', e.g. 'cantatus fuit') for the expression of the passive (taken together with forms of deponent verbs into 'nonactive') of perfectum stem tenses were extracted from major online corpora (331.131 data points); a random sample (n = 383) of data points of PP-BE.inf. that represents all text types and time periods as evenly as possible was then subjected to a close-reading analysis in order to ascertain the attestation rate of meanings for which it competed with the innovation PP-BE.perf. (specialized in ANTERIORITY) and the present tense (specialized in present events or situations). Only the data points that were annotated in full in this second phase are included in the current dataset. For the data points examined in the first phase, only the formal categories in the list below were annotated to the extent that these annotations are not subject to interpretation. The datasets in this series contain the replication data for research papers published within the FWO-funded project "Tracing change and reaction in the Latin tense system: an empirical analysis of language-internal and language-external influences on the development of morphological innovations and form-function pairings from Early Latin to Early Romance".

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    Authors: Schwebler, Miriam;

    This dataset contains corpus statistical calculations that were used to investigate patterns of linguistic place-making in the German language. Patterns are defined here primarily as typical words and word combinations (collected as ngrams and collocations). Those were obtained from a text corpus specifically created for this analysis (not published). The text corpus has a size of 2,630,095 tokens and contains only texts in which one or more geographical places form the main topic. It turned out that these are primarily texts from tourism contexts. The corpus therefore includes 34 travel guides, 145 texts from place/travel blogs, 65 journalistic texts and 73 (city) marketing texts. The analyses were carried out with #LancsBox. Initial analyses quickly made it clear that patterns that refer specifically to places can only be distinguished from other patterns if the corpus is semantically annotated. In this annotation process, nouns that refer to places were tagged (German: Placebezeichnungen, therefore abbreviated as PB). This makes it possible to evaluate their frequency and distribution in the corpus. On the other hand, it is possible to calculate their collocations. In other words: It is possible to calculate which words typically appear together with which words. Detailed analyses were then carried out for words with which place-referring nouns collocate particularly intensively (so-called collocation profiles). In this way, typical usage contexts can be determined and patterns of place-making can be identified. The dataset contains data on the frequency, distribution and typical collocations of place-referring nouns, as well as the collocation profiles of words that collocate particularly frequently with place-referring nouns. The analysis and the resulting conclusions on the patterns of linguistic place-making can be found in the related publication. Abstract of the related publication: Places are geographical areas or spots that are meaningful to people. The members of a discourse community can clearly identify places and name certain characteristics. The process of place-making, which has been theorized in sociology and geography, is thus – viewed from a linguistic perspective - a process of knowledge transfer: if people know something about a geographical area or spot, it becomes a place for them. This knowledge is negotiated and communicated linguistically in discourses. The study deals with the questions of (a) which knowledge is relevant in place-making processes and (b) how it is verbalized. To answer these questions, linguistic patterns are collected in a representative corpus. In this process, common nouns that refer to places (so-called Placebezeichnungen) play a special role - both in terms of content and methodology. They are semantically annotated and form the anchor points of collocation analyses.

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    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2024
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Dataset . 2024
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Ponnet, Aaricia; De Cuypere, Ludovic;

    Article abstract This article investigates the acquisition of Differential Object Marking (DOM) in Hindi as a foreign language based on a longitudinal study with five L1 Dutch speakers. A first aim of the study is to verify findings in previous cross-sectional studies. DOM in Hindi is governed by animacy and specificity and is particularly hard to acquire, with heritage speakers and advanced L2 learners omitting the direct object (DO) marker. A second aim is to investigate whether we can find evidence of either L1 influence, item-based learning or semantic mapping, testing explanations by Montrul et al. (2012, 2015, 2019), Narasimhan (2005, 2020) and Baten and Ponnet (2023). Data collected over four observation points confirmed high DOM omissions. Using a mixed effects logistic regression analysis, we found an increase in marking for human animate, specific DOs, and also for non-human animate and inanimate specific nouns. Our findings suggest that learners initially expand the optionality of -ko due to the complex syntactic-semantic constraints (possibly enhanced by L1 transfer) before gradually adapting to its constraints (possibly emerging through item-based learning). Dataset abstract The dataset includes annotated spoken corpus data of N = 3685 utterances, created with a picture description task that elicited semi-spontaneous oral production data from N = 5 learners of Hindi at a Belgian institute. Following a longitudinal design, we gathered data during four observations. These found place in the second (Time1), third (Time2; Time3) and fourth semester (time4) of their Hindi course trajectory. The corpus data is annotated for (i) Learner, (ii) Time of elicitation, (iii) the use of -ko as a Differential Object Marker and (iv) -ko as another marker, as well as multiple features associated with ko-marking, including: (v) Specificity of the Direct Object, (vi) Animacy of the Direct Object, (vii) the (lemmatized) sentence verb, (viii) the (lemmatized) head of the Direct Object Noun Phrase, (ix) the (lemmatized) head of the Noun Phrase associated with other uses of -ko, and (x) the semantic role of these other uses of the ko-marker.

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    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2023
    Data sources: B2FIND
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2023
    Data sources: Datacite
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      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2023
      Data sources: B2FIND
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      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2023
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: De Latte, Fien;

    Dataset abstract: The two data files in this dataset contain the annotated data used to conduct the Apparent-Time and micro-diachronic analysis presented in the paper "Vocativos contraculturales: cambios paradigmáticos y difusión hasta el español coloquial actual". The first data file contains 1107 tokens of a carefully selected set of vocatives, including the most productive Spanish countercultural "cheli slang" vocatives 'tío/-a', 'tronco/-a', 'chaval-/a', 'colega', 'socio/-a', 'pibe/-a' y 'titi', in addition to the more general ones 'chico/-a', 'guapo/-a' and 'macho/-a'. These were extracted from CORMA, a conversational corpus of peninsular Spanish, recorded between 2016 and 2019, in order to conduct the Apparent-Time analysis. The second data file contains 832 tokens of the same vocatives, retrieved from different corpora of conversational peninsular Spanish recorded between the 80s and the first decade of the 21st century, in order to conduct the complementary micro-diachronic analysis. The data from the first data file are annotated for (i) form and (ii) generation of the speaker, while the data from the second data file are annotated for (i) form, (ii) corpus, and (iii) decade. Article abstract: The present study aims to explore the diffusion, and its underlying factors, of the most emblematic vocatives of the Spanish countercultural cheli slang in the decades after the countercultural boom. By adopting an empirical approach, we examine how the leading vocatives from the cheli paradigm (e.g. tío/-a ‘dude/girl’) have spread in colloquial Spanish over the last fifty years, in contrast with a selection of vocatives marked by a more general meaning and usage (e.g. chico/-a ‘boy/girl’). Special attention will be paid to changes in productivity of the analyzed forms. To this end, we analyze data from different corpora of spoken Spanish, namely CORLEC (90s), COLAm (2000s), and CORMA (2016-2019), which represent data from different decades. These corpus data are combined with documentary materials. Results suggest that the semantic features, as well as the expressive power of the vocatives under scrutiny, play a crucial role in their trajectory until recent years.

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    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2023
    Data sources: B2FIND
    DataverseNO
    Dataset . 2023
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2023
      Data sources: B2FIND
      DataverseNO
      Dataset . 2023
      Data sources: Datacite
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