• Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage
• 2018-2022close
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The "Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production" (HANPP) offers a framework for quantifying the pressure on ecosystems and biodiversity exerted through land use. The HANPP associated to global trade and final consumption is called “embodied HANPP”. For further explanations about the HANPP and eHANPP indicators, refer to (Haberl, Erb and Krausmann, 2014, DOI: 10.1146/annurev-environ-121912-094620) This dataset reveals HANPP embodied in global supply chains of agriculture and forestry products, between 222 countries, at the product level for 161 primary crops, 13 primary animal products and 4 primary forestry products, as well as the end uses of these products, for the years 1986 to 2013. File 1 [embodied_HANPP_all_uses_no_ap_trade_cl_gl_resid_by_feed_products.csv] Contains HANPP embodied in the bilateral trade of primary crop products (excluding the residues used as feed), roughage and residues used as feed, by end uses (direct human food, animal feed, other uses), between 1986 and 2013. The HANPP embodied in bilateral trade flows of animal feed corresponds to the total trade flow from the country producing the feed to the country producing the animal product. File 2 [embodied_HANPP _all_uses_incl_ap_all_cl_gl_resid_by_animal_products.csv] Contains HANPP embodied in the bilateral trade of primary crop products, roughage and residues used as feed, combined to animal products, by end uses (direct human food, animal products, other uses), between 1986 and 2013. Unlike in FILE_NAME1, the HANPP embodied in bilateral trade flows of animal products corresponds to the total trade flow from the feed producing country to the country finally consuming the animal product. File 3 [trilateral_embodied_HANPP_cl_gl_resid_avg_2011_2013.csv] Contains HANPP embodied in the trilateral trade of feed crops, roughage and residues used as feed combined to animal products. Because of the size of the data, we only display the average data over the period 2011-2013 (for other years, please contact the authors). Each row represents the HANPP embodied in one combination of feed and animal product trade between a country producing feed, a country producing the animal product, and a country consuming the animal product (for example soybeans produced in Brazil, exported to Germany to produce pig meat, which itself is exported to and consumed in Austria). File 4 [embodied_HANPP_forest_IRW_and_WF.csv] Contains HANPP embodied in the bilateral trade of wood and paper products, converted into 4 primary forestry products, between 1997 and 2013 .

Attributing the start of peat growth to an absolute timescale requires dating the bottom of peat deposits overlying mineral sediment, often called the basal peat. Peat initiation is reflected in the stratigraphy as a gradual transition from mineral sediment to increasingly organic material, up to where it is called peat. So far, varying criteria have been used to define basal peat, resulting in divergent approaches to date peat initiation. The lack of a universally applicable and quantitative definition, combined with multiple concerns that have been raised previously regarding the radiocarbon dating of peat, may result in apparent ages that are either too old or too young for the timing of peat initiation. Here, we aim to formulate updated recommendations for dating peat initiation. We provide a conceptual framework that supports the use of the organic matter (OM) gradient for a quantitative and reproducible definition of the mineral-to-peat transition (i.e., the stratigraphical range reflecting the timespan of the peat initiation process) and the layer defined as basal peat (i.e., the stratigraphical layer that is defined as the bottom of a peat deposit). Selection of dating samples is often challenging due to poor preservation of plant macrofossils in basal peat, and the representativity of humic and humin dates for the age of basal peat is uncertain. We therefore analyse the mineral-to-peat transition based on three highly detailed sequences of radiocarbon dates, including dates of plant macrofossils and the humic and humin fractions obtained from bulk samples. Our case study peatland in the Netherlands currently harbours a bog vegetation, but biostratigraphical analyses show that during peat initiation the vegetation was mesotrophic. Results show that plant macrofossils provide the most accurate age in the mineral-to-peat transition and are therefore recommendable to use for 14C dating basal peat. If these are unattainable, the humic fraction provides the best alternative and is interpreted as a terminus-ante-quem for peat initiation. The potential large age difference between dates of plant macrofossils and humic or humin dates (up to ~1700 years between macrofossil and humic ages, and with even larger differences for humins) suggests that studies reusing existing bulk dates of basal peat should take great care in data interpretation. The potentially long timespan of the peat initiation process (with medians of ~1000, ~1300 and ~1500 years within our case study peatland) demonstrates that choices regarding sampling size and resolution need to be well substantiated. We summarise our findings as a set of recommendations for dating basal peats, and advocate the widespread use of OM determination to obtain a low-cost, quantitative and reproducible definition of basal peat that eases intercomparison of studies.

The dataset contains a Knowledge Graph (.nq file) of two historical mining documents: ���Verleihbuch der Rattenberger Bergrichter��� ( Hs. 37, 1460-1463) and ���Schwazer Berglehenbuch��� (Hs. 1587, approx. 1515) stored by the Tyrolean Regional Archive, Innsbruck (Austria). The user of the KG may explore the montanistic network and relations between people, claims and mines in the late medieval Tyrol. The core regions concern the districts Schwaz and Kufstein (Tyrol, Austria). The ontology used to represent the claims is CIDOC CRM, an ISO certified ontology for Cultural Heritage documentation. Supported by the Karma tool the KG is generated as RDF (Resource Description Framework). The generated RDF data is imported into a Triplestore, in this case GraphDB, and then displayed visually. This puts the data from the early mining texts into a semantically structured context and makes the mutual relationships between people, places and mines visible. Both documents and the Knowledge Graph were processed and generated by the research team of the project ���Text Mining Medieval Mining Texts���. The research project (2019-2022) was carried out at the university of Innsbruck and funded by go!digital next generation programme of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Citeable Transcripts of the historical documents are online available: Hs. 37 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6274562 Hs. 1587 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6274928

Dendrochronological research project. The measurement series on which the results are based at present are unavailable.

Dendrochronological report

Dendrochronological research project

Screenshots from the Telegram channels that I analyzed for my MA Thesis 'Vaccine Damages' and 'Lethal Injections': Strategic Communication in German Language Covid-19 Conspiracy Telegram Channel Screenshots were taken on February 10, 2022.

Dendrochronological report