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The activation of molecules through intramolecular hydrogen-bond formation to promote chemical reactions appears as a suitable strategy in organic synthesis, especially for the preparation of chiral compounds under metal and organocatalytic conditions. The use of this interaction has enabled reactivity enhancement of reagents, as well as stabilization of the chemical species and enantiocontrol of the processes Financial support was provided by the European Research Council (ERC-CoG, Contract No. 647550, ERC-PoC, Contract No. 861930), the Spanish Government (RTI2018- 095038-B-I00), “Comunidad de Madrid”, and European Structural Funds (S2018/NMT-4367) and proyectos sinérgicos I+D (Y2020/NMT-6469). A.G.-C. acknowledges a predoctoral FPI fellowship

Abstract. The last glacial period (LGP; ca. 110–10 kyr BP) was marked by the existence of two types of abrupt climatic changes, Dansgaard–Oeschger (DO) and Heinrich (H) events. Although the mechanisms behind these are not fully understood, it is generally accepted that the presence of ice sheets played an important role in their occurrence. While an important effort has been made to investigate the dynamics and evolution of the Laurentide ice sheet (LIS) during this period, the Eurasian ice sheet (EIS) has not received much attention, in particular from a modeling perspective. However, meltwater discharge from this and other ice sheets surrounding the Nordic seas is often implied as a potential cause of ocean instabilities that lead to glacial abrupt climate changes. Thus, a better comprehension of the evolution of the EIS during the LGP is important to understand its role in glacial abrupt climate changes. Here we investigate the response of the EIS to millennial-scale climate variability during the LGP. We use a hybrid, three-dimensional, thermomechanical ice-sheet model that includes ice shelves and ice streams. The model is forced off-line via a novel perturbative approach that, as opposed to conventional methods, clearly differentiates between the spatial patterns of millennial-scale and orbital-scale climate variability. Thus, it provides a more realistic treatment of the forcing at millennial timescales. The effect of both atmospheric and oceanic variations are included. Our results show that the EIS responds with enhanced ice discharge in phase with interstadial warming in the North Atlantic when forced with surface ocean temperatures. Conversely, when subsurface ocean temperatures are used, enhanced ice discharge occurs both during stadials and at the beginning of the interstadials. Separating the atmospheric and oceanic effects demonstrates the major role of the ocean in controlling the dynamics of the EIS on millennial timescales. While the atmospheric forcing alone is only able to produce modest iceberg discharges, warming of the ocean leads to higher rates of iceberg discharges as a result of relatively strong basal melting at the margins of the ice sheet. Our results clearly show the capability of the EIS to react to glacial abrupt climate changes, and highlight the need for stronger constraints on the ice sheet's glacial dynamics and climate–ocean interactions.

Acoustic emission (AE) was used for in-situ filiform corrosion (FFC) monitoring on coated AA77075-T6. The analysis of AE data using DBSCAN as clustering algorithm (validated by Bhattacharyya Coefficients´ evaluation) has revealed the presence of three clusters (out of four) related to phenomena involved in the FFC mechanism: metal-coating interface delamination due to opening (tensile), sliding (shear) and mixed mode enclosing both previous ones. The peak frequency was found to be the most relevant descriptor for clustering by using Random Forest classifier, and the correlation with the dominant frequencies range was validated obtaining the Power Spectrum Density of the AE signals. This work has been funded by the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 framework (H2020-CS2-CFP09-2018-02) within the U-Cross project (Grant Agreement 864905) in collaboration with Dassault Aviation, INSA Lyon, Mistras Group, Titania Ensayos y Proyectos Industriales and Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. J.M. Vega also would like to acknowledge the support of RYC2021-034384-I by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

Alpha particle energy distributions in the 6He+120Sn collision have been measured at 7 bombarding energies above the Coulomb barrier. A phenomenological analysis of the centroids of the experimental distributions was performed and compared with the expected alpha-particle energies from breakup and neutron transfer reactions. Q-optimum conditions were determined using the Brinks formula for the di-neutron transfer reaction. A comparison of the measured alpha-particle production cross-sections with Continuum Discretized Coupled Channels (CDCC) calculations for breakup is presented. Fundacao de Amparo `a Pesquisa no Estado de Sao Paulo 2013/22100-7, 2014/19666-1 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientıfico e Tecnologico 308935/2018-7 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad FIS2017-88410-P European Union 654002

El proyecto de investigación Post Scriptum: Archivo Digital de Escritura Cotidiana (P.S.) tiene por objeto la recuperación y publicación de cartas privadas escritas en España y Portugal durante la Época Moderna. Estas epístolas, en su mayoría inéditas, fueron producidas por autores muy diversos y de diferente condición social. Así, podemos encontrar hombres o mujeres, adultos o niños, amos o criados, ladrones, soldados, artesanos, curas, políticos, y otro tipo de categorías sociales. Sus misivas sobrevivieron excepcionalmente, al cruzarse sus vidas con los medios de persecución tanto de la Inquisición como de distintos tribunales civiles y eclesiásticos, instituciones que solían hacer uso de la corres- pondencia privada como prueba de los delitos que estaban siendo juzgados. Estas fuentes escritas suelen presentar una retórica (casi) oral, tematizando asuntos cotidianos que hasta ahora no se habían estudiado más que a partir de casos aislados. En este trabajo, se explicará la metodología utilizada en la edición digital de los documentos para su disponibilidad en línea; además, se dará a conocer el proceso de modernización de los textos y su posterior etiquetación morfológica y sintáctica. El objetivo final es elaborar un corpus diacrónico anotado que sirva como recurso electrónico para el estudio lingüístico e histórico del español y el portugués. Post Scriptum: A Digital Archive of Ordinary Writings (P.S.) is a project that aims to collect and publish Portuguese and Spanish private letters written along the Modern Ages. These documents are unpublished epistolary writings, written by authors from different social backgrounds. They could be either masters or servants, adults or children, men or women, thieves, soldiers, artisans, priests, political activists, among other kinds of social agents. Their epistolarity survived by chance, when their paths met the persecution means used by the Inquisition and the civil courts, two institutions that used private cor- respondence as criminal evidence. These textual resources often present an (almost) oral rhetoric, treating everyday issues of past centuries in a register that hasn’t been easy to study, apart from brief examples. In the proposed paper, discussion over the methodological options that lead to the digital edition available online will be raised. Further, the modernization of texts the POS and syntactic annotation will be explained. The aim is to develop a diachronic and annotated corpus that could be used as an electronical resource for linguistic and historical research of Spanish and Portuguese.

A new stochastic weather generator, ClimaSG, is presented and evaluated under a wide range of climates. The model requires monthly means data as inputs to generate daily weather data. Validation tests revealed that ClimaSG performed well in capturing monthly rainfall variability but showed some limitations for generating extreme temperatures. Solar radiation, air humidity, and wind speed were reproduced acceptably. The weather generator was particularly accurate in predicting mean and extreme values of ET0, which indicates that ClimaSG may be used as the basis for calculating crop water requirements and for irrigation design and planning purposes. The suitability of synthetic weather series generated with ClimaSG for crop modelling applications was further assessed by running the model OliveCan for low density rainfed (LD) and super high density irrigated (SHD) olive orchards for several locations in Spain. Yield distributions simulated with synthetic weather rarely differed significantly from those obtained with actual weather data, although the coefficient of variation (CV) was usually underestimated. Considering its low input requirements and satisfactory performance, ClimaSG represents a promising source of weather data for different practical applications. This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spain, through two projects [grant numbers PID2019–110575RB-I00 and PCI2019–103621], one of which into the framework of the MAPPY project (JPI-Climate ERA-NET, AXIS call), and the “María de Maeztu” program for centers and units of excellence in research and development [grant number CEX2019–000968-M]. In addition, part of the work was conducted under ERA-NET FACCE SURPLUS project OLIVE-MIRACLE [grant number 652615], co-funded by INIA, Spain. Álvaro López-Bernal was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship [grant number POSTDOC-21–00381] from Junta de Andalucía (Conserjería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades). With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2019–000968-M). Peer reviewed

We wish to understand the processes underlying the ionization dynamics of N2 as experimentally induced and studied by recording the kinetic energy release (KER) in a XUV-pump/IR-probe setup. To this end a theoretical model was developed describing the ionization process using Dyson Orbitals and, subsequently, the dissociation process using a large set of diabatic potential energy surfaces (PES) on which to propagate. From said set of PES, a small subset is extracted allowing for the identification of one and two photon processes chiefly responsible for the experimentally observed features We acknowledge support from the European Research Council under ERC Grants No. 637756 STARLIGHT, No. 227355 ELYCHE, and No. 290853 XCHEM, from LASERLAB-EUROPE (Grant Agreement No. 284464, EC’s Seventh Framework Programme), from European COST Action CM1204 XLIC, the MICINN Project FIS2013-42002-R, the ERA-Chemistry Project PIM2010EEC-00751, the European Grant MC-ITN CORINF. Calculations were performed at the Centro de Computación of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CC-UAM) and the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC). G. S. acknowledges the Italian Ministry of Research Project FIRB No. RBID08CRXK. R. L. and M. H. acknowledge a Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme Fellowship (Grant Agreement No. PIRSES-GA-2012-31754, EC’s Seventh Framework Programme) and the COST Action CM1405 MOLIM. C. L. acknowledges National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 11127901, No. 61221064, and No. 11404356), 973 Project (Grant No. 2011CB808103). We are very grateful to Alicia Palacios for fruitful discussions on the ionization model