The Roman emperor Caligula issued the same type of quadrans throughout his reign, where the obverse depicted a pileus, a type of cap given to former slaves upon their manumission, and the reverse the letters RCC. Eckhel suggested that the obverse referred to the restora...

Embarking on a research project is always exciting, although a large number are not completed. One study of pharmacotherapy projects submitted to a research ethics committee found that after 5 years more than a quarter had not been completed and almost a sixth were cons...

Robert W. Fogel was a visionary economic historian, generous mentor, and eternal optimist whose works and lectures have informed and incited for more than half a century and whose writings will continue to do so for decades to come. He died on June 11, 2013 in his eight...

Abstract X-ray fluorescence and numismatic analyses have been used for the study of a sample of incuse coins at the Museo Campano (Capua, Italy). A group of 31 silver incuse coins (staters and drachmas) of the first coinage (530 BCE to 470/440 BCE) iussed by four cities...

This article uses a new dataset of 330 slaving voyages to examine terms of credit issued for British American slave sales between 1755 and 1807. It shows that credit terms consistently varied between American colonies, and that slave ship captains considered these diffe...

In this study we report the underlying reasons to why bacteria are present on banknotes and coins. Despite the use of credit cards, mobile phone apps, near-field-communication systems, and cryptocurrencies such as bitcoins which are replacing the use of hard currencies,...

The geographical region of Insular South East Asia and New Guinea is well-known as an area of mega-biodiversity. Less well-known is the extreme linguistic diversity in this area: over a quarter of the world’s 6,000 languages are spoken here. As small minority languages,...

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Diversos documentos conservados en la Real Academia de la Historia y en la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando han permitido reconstruir las circunstancias del hallazgo del conocido tesoro de Quintana Redonda, formado por más de mil denarios de bolśkan, un cas...