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Thomas Aquinas sees a sharp metaphysical distinction between artifacts and substances, but does not offer any explicit account of it. We argue that for Aquinas the contribution that an artisan makes to the generation of an artifact compromises the causal responsibility of the form of that artifact for what the artifact is; hence it compromises the metaphysical unity of the artifact to that of an accidental unity. By contrast, the metaphysical unity of a substance is achieved by a process of generation whereby the substantial form is solely responsible for what each part and the whole of a substance are. This, we submit, is where the metaphysical difference between artifacts and substances lies for Aquinas. Here we offer on behalf of Aquinas a novel account of the causal process of generation of substances, in terms of descending forms, and we bring out its explanatory merits by contrasting it to other existing accounts in the literature.

This document contains the abstracts for the 2018 Scandinavian Workshop on Applied Eye Tracking (SWAET 2018) which was held at Copenhagen Business School, Denmark, 23 to 24 August, 2018..

David Deutsch (forthcoming) offers a solution to the Epistemic Problem for Everettian Quantum Theory. In this note I raise some problems for the attempted solution.

Abstract Certain historical processes and sign language ideologies have led to the dissemination of American Sign Language (ASL) signs throughout Southeast Asia via deaf education projects, international development interventions, and tourism, notably in Cambodia and Indonesia. These ideologies normalized attempts to develop standardised sign systems based on national spoken languages and the introduction of signs from foreign sign languages, especially ASL. This history has shaped and mobilized ideas among deaf sign language users about language contact, the spread of hegemonic national sign languages, and the vitality of sign languages outside of the US and western Europe. Some of these ideologies manifest in deaf signers’ concerns about the vitality of what are often perceived to be non-hegemonic sign languages (e.g., sign languages that are not ASL, Auslan, or BSL) and language practices. By examining discourses and practices in the context of encounters between deaf tourists and deaf leaders in Bali, this article approaches larger questions about the territorialization of sign languages, linguistic boundaries, language contact, and sign language vitality.

Abstract This paper proposes that Tangut should be classified as a West Gyalrongic language in the Sino-Tibetan/Trans-Himalayan family. We examine lexical commonalities, case marking, partial reduplication, and verbal morphology in Tangut and in modern West Gyalrongic languages, and point out nontrivial shared innovations between Tangut and modern West Gyalrongic languages. The analysis suggests a closer genetic relationship between Tangut and Modern West Gyalrongic than between Tangut and Modern East Gyalrongic. This paper is the first study that tackles the exact linguistic affiliation of the Tangut language based on the comparative method.

This article investigates how Arabic texts reached multilingual audiences in North India in the eighteenth century. Drawing on a remarkable treatise on translating the Qur’an into Persian by the Delhi intellectual Shāh Walī-Allāh (d. 1176/1762), it argues that so-called “interlinear” translations functioned to preserve the sound of Arabic utterances as well as their meaning. By anchoring another language to Arabic utterances, these translations also reified symbolic hierarchies between Arabic and languages used to translate it. Walī-Allāh’s understanding of translatability was closely tied up with notions of Qur’anic structure (naẓm) and the sonic qualities of the Arabic language, but also informed by a sensitivity to linguistic difference in the multilingual society he lived in.

Abstract: This paper proposes to carve out a new position in the scientific realism/antirealism debate and argue that it captures some of the most important realist and some of the most important antirealist considerations. The view, briefly stated, is that there is always a fact of the matter about whether the singular statements science gives us are literally true, but there is no fact of the matter about whether the non-singular statements science gives us are literally true. I call this view singularist semirealism. Singularist semirealism sides with scientific realism with regards to singular statements but it is an antirealist view with regards to non-singular statements. In this sense, singularist semirealism could be considered to be 'the best of both worlds'.

This paper focuses on the verbal inflection chain of Siyuewu Khroskyabs, a Gyalrongic language (Trans-Himalayan). Siyuewu Khroskyabs goes against two general typological tendencies: first, as an SOV language, it shows an overwhelming preference for prefixes, which is rarely reported typologically; second, the inflectional prefixes in the outer slots are older than those in the inner slots, which is the reverse case of most languages. In this paper, I will first identify distinct historical layers within the inflectional prefixes, and then focus on two of the prefixes, də- ‘even’ and ɕə- ‘q’ whose evolutionary pathways are relatively clear. The essential part of the hypotheses is that the prefixes originate from enclitics which could be attached to the end of a preverbal chain, originally loosely attached to the verb stem. The preverbal chain later became tightly attached to the verbal stem and eventually became a part of it as a chain of prefixes. As a result, the original enclitics are reanalysed as prefixes. The integration of preverbal morphemes is responsible for the prefixing preference in Modern Siyuewu Khroskyabs. However, despite this superficial prefixing preference, Siyuewu Khroskyabs underlyingly favours postposed morphemes. By following the general suffixing tendency, this language finally managed to create a typologically rare, overwhelmingly prefixing verbal template. 1 Introduction 1.1 The suffixing preference 1.2 Correlation between affix age and position 1.3 The betrayal of Khroskyabs 2 The prefixing preference of Siyuewu Khroskyabs 3 Morphophonology of the Khroskyabs inflectional chain 3.1 Autonomous markers in the first slots (R-1, R-2, IRR-2) 3.1.1 Orientational prefixes 3.1.2 Negative markers 3.1.3 Interrogative â 3.2 Non-autonomous markers (R-1, R-2, IRR-1, IRR-2) 3.2.1 Inverse marker 3.2.2 Interrogative â 3.2.3 Irrealis â 3.2.4 HL tone conditional 3.3 Prefixes undergoing fusion (R-3 and IRR-3) 3.3.1 Sensory râ 3.3.2 Attenuative imperative ^o- 3.3.3 Conditional zâ 3.4 Wordhood of the Siyuewu verb 4 The historical layers of the Siyuewu inflectional chain 4.1 Degree of fusion and compatibility 4.2 Productivity and usage constraints 4.2.1 Orientational prefixes 4.2.2 Negative prefixes 4.2.3 â- ‘Q’ and ‘Q’ 4.2.4 Conditional markers and the irrealis category 4.2.5 Productive prefixes 4.2.6 Summary 4.3 Cross-Gyalrongic comparison 4.3.1 Orientational prefixes 4.3.2 Interrogative â 4.3.3 Irrealis â 4.3.4 Negative prefixes 4.3.5 Inverse marker 4.3.6 Attenuative imperative ^mo- 4.4 Identification of the historical layers 5 How prefixes are integrated 5.1 da- ‘even’ and =da ‘also, even’ 5.2 ‘Q’ and ‘Q’ 5.3 Integration of da- ‘even’ 5.3.1 Semantic narrowing from =da ‘also, even’ to da- ‘even’ 5.3.2 Simplification of double verb construction and clitic reassignment 5.4 Integration of ‘Q’ 5.5 An alternative hypothesis 6 Discussion and conclusion

AbstractWith its origin in the Samveda, composed between 1500–900 BC, the art music of India has evolved through ages and come to be regarded as one of the oldest surviving music systems in the world today. This paper aims to provide an overview of the fundamentals governing Hindustani music (also known as North Indian music) as practiced today. The deliberation will mainly focus on the melodic aspect of music making and will attempt to provide a musicological base for the main features associated with the melody: intonation and improvisation; thus covering the soundscape on the micro as well as macro level. The larger objective of this endeavour is to identify relevant directions for the application of computational approaches to Hindustani music.