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International audience; Section one presents a method of analysis developed over the years in order to model and visualise the evolution of architectural objects. The method combines a systematic description of transformations, qualification and classification of references, and visualisation tools that support reasoning tasks inside an object’s lifeline, and across the whole collection of objects. In this section some fundamental epistemological issues will be discussed (diachronic bias, intersubjectivity, historical criticism, etc.). Details will be given on the choices we made in order to describe architectural transformations and to cope with classic uncertainty problems (trustworthiness, precision, credibility, etc.). Section one is concluded by a chapter presenting the set of time-oriented data visualisations designed for section two of the catalogue, and by an overview of that catalogue’s general layout.; Rozdział pierwszy porusza podstawowe zagadnienia epistemologiczne związane z analizą ewolucji obiektów architektonicznych (analiza diachroniczna, intersubiektywność, krytyka historyczna, ...) i przedstawia opracowaną przez nas metodę. Poruszamy tu między innymi problem zróżnicowanej precyzji i wiarygodności danych historycznych, klasyfikację transformacji jakim podlegają obiekty architektoniczne, czy rolę wizualizacji w procesach analizy danych historycznych.

In the recent years, the reproductive performance of sows has been drastically improved. Nowadays, in many farms, with the use of hyperprolific sows, the average litter size exceeds 15 piglets at farrowing and 13 at weaning. These changes in performance have been the major drivers for the evolution of sow's nutritional requirements during pregnancy and lactation. At the same time, a large amount of scientific knowledge has been generated over the past thirty years allowing, with the help of mathematical modelling, a holistic approach of energy, amino acids and minerals supplies to sows. The aim of this chapter is to describe the evolutions in the approach of sows' feeding over the past decades and show how the current state of knowledge on sow nutrition can be used for developing models and decision support tools and improving feeding strategies in practice. Different examples are shown to illustrate how the use of such tools can help in optimizing the productivity of sows. Until recently, the maximization of reproductive performance of sows and their litters has been the main objective considered when defining nutritional supplies. Nowadays, new objectives in relation with the increasing societal concern for animal welfare and environment must also be considered. Pig production systems, as well as other animal production systems, are also questioned by the society at a global level in terms of their overall sustainability and acceptability, and this will affect feeding strategies in the future.

How historical events interfere with family stories, and their perception is influenced by family issues.

International audience; This article aims at conceptually marking out the different cognitive processes involved in the experience of mobile art devices, and at understanding to what extent the involvement of these cognitive processes is different from their involvement in other forms of art.

International audience; the Yamnaya culture, ofen regarded as the bearer of the Proto-Indo-European language, underwent a strong population expansion in the late 4th and early 3rd millennia BCE. It suggests that the underlying reason for that expansion might be the then unique capacity to digest animal milk in adulthood. We examine the early Indo-European milk-related vocabulary to confrm the special role of animal milk in Indo-European expansions. We show that Proto-Indo-European did not have a specialized root for ‘to milk’ and argue that the IE root *h2melg̑- ‘to milk’ is secondary and post-Anatolian. We take this innovation as an indication of the novelty of animal milking in early Indo-European society. Together with a detailed study of language-specifc innovations in this semantic feld, we conclude that the ability to digest milk played an important role in boosting Proto-Indo-European demography.

International audience

International audience

International audience; no abstract

International audience

This article demonstrates how the interest in governmentality studies has diverted attention form the biopolitical significance the term population holds in Foucault's thought, and further elaborates this perspective through an articulation between Foucault's earlier work on Archaeology and his later work on Biopolitics.