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The « arabesque genre » : nature and diffusion of the models in the Parisian interior decor, 1760-1790. Among the main inspiration sources of the neo-classical arabesque decorations — Antiquity, Renaissance, and the ornemanists miscellanies — it is difficult to distinguish the models used by the parisian decorators. Most of the portfolios achieved by the artists during their tour in Italy were dispersed and the publications devoted to Antiquity and Renaissance show but a few decorative patterns. Only some identified ornamental drawings and the collection of prints of Raphael’s loggias enable one to recognize some of the models for the executed decors. As regards the decorative compositions created by the contemporains — prints or decors — one can also notice that they were taken up again by other artists. However, evaluating the diffusion of these models is rather delicate, owing to the few informations concerning the publication dates of the prints and the ownership of the decorative patterns. Lebeurre Alexia. Le « genre arabesque » : nature et diffusion des modèles dans le décor intérieur à Paris, 1760-1790. In: Histoire de l'art, N°42-43, 1998. Architecture et décor. pp. 83-98.

The iconographic, formal and technical analysis of the decoration elements of El Castillo and La Pasiega (Cantabria) highlights a heterogeneous distribution of the main themes, with distribution logics that are very different in each of the caves. In El Castillo, the main themes appear in distinct sectors, each one containing a central area with a high density of motifs and an end that sets its limit. Consequently, the decoration appears as a mosaic formed of small sets of motifs. In contrast, using the same analysis criteria for the cave of La Pasiega shows that, besides motifs of the same type spread in the network space, there are more structured decorated sets. The set of Gallery A shows an increasing number of motifs from the beginning to the end of the sector, with a maximum density at the level of the back areas. In turn, the set of Gallery B comprises animal figures that stood out all the more to the viewers that they were illuminated by natural light. Whereas the decoration of Gallery A is organised in the manner of deep sanctuaries, the ornamentation of the Salle du Mégacéros of Gallery B falls rather in the logic of open-air sanctuaries. info:eu-repo/semantics/published SCOPUS: ar.j

International audience; The Augustan Theatre of the Roman city of Arausio (Orange, France) is the only one in the Roman West to have preserved its entire stage building; however, it is now completely stripped of the rich marble decoration that originally adorned it. While thousands of fragments of this decoration have survived, it is paradoxically difficult to propose a global restitution, due to the conservation conditions, the presence of ancient restorations and the extreme fragmentation of the remains. As a step of the new researches on the theatre undertaken in 2000, the use of digital imaging to study the figurative set has made it possible to overcome some of these obstacles: the digitisation and gathering of fragments of certain friezes in the same virtual space thanks to the development of a dedicated software tool has considerably facilitated observations, comparisons and restitution proposals. In a second step, the integration of these friezes into the orders of the scaenae fronscould be considered. Whether based on technical criteria (tool traces, fixing mortices, etc.), iconographic or stylistic criteria (determination of characteristic rhythms, volumetric comparisons, restoration of figurative sequences, etc.), the application of these technologies has not only provided an unparalleled visualization tool to date, but also allowed the multiplication of restitution hypotheses and their validation.; Le théâtre augustéen d’Orange est le seul dans l’Occident romain à avoir conservé l’intégralité de son bâtiment de scène ; il est cependant aujourd’hui entièrement dépouillé du riche décor de marbre qui le parait à l’origine. Alors que des milliers de fragments de cette parure nous sont parvenus, il est paradoxalement difficile d’en proposer une restitution complète, du fait des conditions de conservation, de la présence de restaurations anciennes et de l’état de fragmentation extrême des vestiges. Dans la continuité de la nouvelle étude du théâtre entreprise en 2000, le recours à l’imagerie numérique pour l’étude du décor figuré a permis de dépasser une partie de ces obstacles : la numérisation et la réunion des fragments de certaines frises dans un même espace virtuel grâce à la mise au point d’un outil logiciel dédié a facilité considérablement observations, comparaisons, rapprochements et propositions de restitution. Dans un second temps, l’intégration de ces frises aux ordres du mur de scène a pu être envisagée. Qu’elle se soit fondée sur des critères techniques (relevé des traces d’outil, des mortaises de fixation, etc.), iconographiques ou stylistiques (détermination de rythmes et d’alternances caractéristiques, comparaisons volumétriques, restaurations de séquences figuratives, etc.), l’application de ces technologies aura non seulement fourni un outil de visualisation sans équivalent jusqu’à présent, mais aussi permis la multiplication des hypothèses de restitution et leur validation sans avoir à manipuler ou à déplacer les fragments.

International audience; Between the 1800’s and the 1840’s the printed textile manufactories in France have seized the theme of monuments representation, often associated to a country or a capital. This fascination for architecture leads emblematic images of countries – China, Egypt, Italia – or large capitals, especially Paris. If these images invite to a travel, imaginary or real, monuments are a way to incarnate a monumentalized history. In the politic context of the end of the Empire and the Restoration’s advent, these patterns feed a vision of France history where nostalgia of old time is a pretext to maintain political ideas. But these fabrics intended to bed’s manufacture have first as purpose to seduce consumers by offering them a travel.; Dès le XVIII e siècle, les motifs d'architecture ont participé à l'élaboration des compositions de « meubles à personnages », c'est-à-dire des toiles figuratives imprimées à la plaque de cuivre en une seule couleur, connues sous le terme éponyme de toile de Jouy 1. Cette technique d'impression, mise au point à partir des procédés de l'estampe et importée d'Angleterre, favorise l'apparition d'un nouvel art textile qui se caractérise par de grands dessins paysagers 2. Dans cette esthétique empruntée à la peinture de paysage, l'architecture sert de décor, parfois elle contribue à situer un espace. Ces motifs restent des éléments secondaires et anecdotiques dans un récit qui privilégie les relations entre les personnages et les situations pittoresques. Des bâtiments dans les jardins ou dans les scènes de vie à la campagne agrémentent ces nouvelles étoffes dans lesquelles la disposition des saynètes participe à la recherche de profondeur sur le fond écru de la toile. Au début du XIX e siècle, les meubles à personnages connaissent un profond renouvellement, passant de scènes bucoliques à des décors néoclassiques. L'évolution des thèmes s'accompagne d'une transformation décorative, le principe des saynètes dans un paysage laisse place à des compositions symétriques sur un fond orné. Le goût à l'antique, la littérature ou les monuments sont des thèmes à la mode. Les dessinateurs accordent une attention nouvelle aux sites historiques et aux vues de villes pour des motifs destinés à orner les murs et à fabriquer des lits. Cette profusion de monuments se manifeste de plusieurs manières, la valeur accordée à l'architecture évolue, entre souvenirs de voyages, références historiques et artistiques ou symboles politiques. Les choix des manufacturiers montrent que ces décors se trouvent investis d'une nouvelle signification, cherchant à séduire un large public. Ce phénomène s'accentue dans les années 1820 lorsque ces étoffes figuratives qui ont séduit la petite bourgeoisie par leurs prix abordables deviennent des produits très bon marché. L'analyse des propositions iconographiques et artistiques des fabricants permet d'appréhender cet engouement pour la représentation de l'architecture dans les toiles imprimées et son évolution durant la première moitié du XIX e siècle.

International audience; As with geography, ceramic decorations are essentially spatial organisations of features. Therefore, they should be analysed with spatial indexes. But spatial analyses, at the shard or the complete ceramic scale, are often difficult to set up, mostly because of the contiguity of graphical features.This paper presents a new method to record and analyse ceramic decoration. We use graph theory, with a GIS interface and Python programming, to analyse ceramic decoration in a bottom-up process. A priori definitions are minimal and only concern elementary units (morphological, graphical and plastic) which compose the ceramic.The studied corpus is composed of ceramic decorations belonging to the Mailhac I facies (Late Bronze Age), characterised by complex figurative compositions. Each decoration — complete or fragmented — is considered as a spatialized network (i.e. geometric graph). Graph theory provides tools to record and measure proximities between units and normalised indexes to compare different decorations, whatever their completeness. The GIS offers a graphic interface and ensures the correctness of spatial relationships between these units. The typology of these units is realised in a hierarchical oriented graph. This structure allows processes of generalisation (going up the tree) and specification (going down the tree), permitting comparison between units with different kinds of resolution and/or complexity. The method presented here can be used for other types of mediums(statuary, rock art, etc.).

National audience à venir

International audience; Throughout their careers, the Impressionists demonstrated a strong, but rarely examined, interest in decoration. Between 1870 and 1900, a careful examination shows that Pissarro, Degas, Cézanne, Monet, Renoir, Morisot, and Caillebotte continued to explore the values of decoration and the decorative. Along with a number of artworks explicitly designated as “decorative” that were predominantly exhibited at the Impressionist shows, they also produced more than twenty decorative ensembles made for the interiors of patrons and amateurs. Initially publicized by the painters in the 1870s, their decorative works were subsequently undertaken more quietly, although still continuously. The critics’ attention, however, grew from the relative disinterest in making the decorative key to their approach at the turn of the century. An analysis of these experiments and their critical reception encourages, as this article demonstrates, a reconsideration of our vision of Impressionism, for its development drew much more from the decorative than has so far been said.; Manifesté entre 1876 et 1887 par la présentation publique, aux expositions impressionnistes principalement, d’œuvres clairement désignées comme décoratives par leurs auteurs, puis incarné dans plus de vingt ensembles intentionnellement conçus comme décorations pour des intérieurs, l’intérêt des Impressionnistes pour la décoration a jusqu’ici été largement occulté de l’étude de ce mouvement. Pourtant, entre 1870 et 1900 chez Pissarro, Degas, Cézanne, Monet, Renoir, Morisot et Caillebotte, et au-delà pour Renoir et Monet, la décoration et les valeurs du décoratif en art se révèlent des enjeux majeurs. L’analyse de ces expérimentations – publicisées par les peintres avant que d’être poursuivies moins ouvertement, et parallèlement éreintées par la critique qui en fera cependant, à la fin du siècle, le levier d’une interprétation laudatrice de l’impressionnisme – nous permet de relire une vaste partie de la production impressionniste et d’en découvrir de puissants ressorts, encore souvent insoupçonnés.

The British Neolithic transition, occurring around 4000 BC, at least one millennium after the continental part of Northwest Europe, is still subject to important debate these days. Various studies suggest that the Neolithic start involved farming immigrants from various parts of the Continent. However, ceramics of the Early Neolithic of Britain became increasingly distinct from their Continental roots, particularly in the Southwest and Southeast of England. We recently completed two important projects, one on Early Neolithic British and Irish pottery and the other on Peterborough Ware, integrating a new way of considering these early productions through a technological approach and the observation of various steps of the chaîne opératoire. This paper is the opportunity to present preliminary results which shed a new light on the evolution of pottery wares during the fourth millennium BC in Southern Britain. It specifically highlights strong connections between Early Neolithic and Middle Neolithic pottery, in terms of style, but above in terms of manufacturing techniques.

En choisissant de mettre à l’honneur des citoyens modèles, notamment grâce à la technique des décorations, la Troisième République a recours à une pédagogie par l’exemple pour installer durablement une culture méritocratique dans la société française. Pour cela, elle invente de nouvelles médailles tout en s’appropriant celles qui avaient été créées sous les régimes précédents comme la plus prestigieuse d’entre elles : la Légion d’Honneur (1802). Si l’historiographie des usages symboliques de la République a été rendue solide avec les travaux de Maurice Agulhon sur la Provence, moins connues sont ces « élites de l’honneur » dont les archives publiques ont conservé les traces. En explorant le célèbre « Var rouge », il nous a été permis de cerner le profil de ces élites méditerranéennes que l’État républicain a souhaité honorer entre 1870 et 1940. Parmi celles-ci, se distingue la catégorie des maires, en particulier ces « bons maires » qui œuvrent pour la « républicanisation » de la société. Ce sont quelques-unes de ces personnalités qui seront présentées dans ce chapitre. In designating model citizens through processes like decorations, the French Third Republic set examples to establish a culture of meritocracy in French society. It invented new medals and appropriated existing ones created by former regimes, including the most prestigious of all: the Légion d’Honneur (1802).Although the historiography of the Republic’s symbolic practices has been augmented by Maurice Agulhon’s works on Provence, this “elite of honour” whose trace remained in public archives is not well known. We explored the “Var rouge” (the predominantly left-wing Var département) to study the profiles of this Mediterranean elite which was honoured by the Republican state between 1870 and 1940. These include the category of mayors, in particular the “bons maires” who contributed to the “republicanisation” of society. This chapter presents a few of these personalities.

1370–1410 yılları arasında Dazya’da inşa edilen Lulu bin Abdullah ve Tokat’ta inşa edilen Horozoğlu Ahmed Bey dergahlarının bazı bölümleri, göze çarpan benzerliklere sahip zarif ustuka süslemelerle bezelidir. Bu derlemede, Orta Çağ Anadolusu’nda, günümüzde bile çalışmalarda hak ettiği yeri bulamayan ustuka üretiminin yanı sıra Eretna Beyliği topraklarında, Osmanlı hakimiyetiyle birlikte girilen geçiş dönemi dergah mimarisinde tek tipleşme ele alınmıştır. Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz bölgelerinden bu iki örnek olay incelemesine odaklanan makale, ustuka imalatının köklerinin yerel geleneklere dayandığını savunmaktadır. Buna ek olarak, söz konusu süslemelere Osmanlı’nın ilk yıllarında inşa edilen dergahlarda da rastlanması, bölgesel ölçekte sanatsal etkileşimler ve bilgi alışverişi konularını açıklığa kavuşturarak Orta Anadolu’nun Orta Çağı’nı Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun doğuş döneminden keskin bir çizgiyle ayıran tarihi sınırı ortadan kaldırmaktadır. Built between the 1370s and the 1410s, the dervish lodges of Lulu ibn ʿAbdallah in Tazya and of Horozoğlu Ahmed Bey in Tokat are partially ornamented with refined stucco decorations that have remarkable similarities. This corpus illustrates the production of stucco in medieval Anatolia, a material still understudied, as well as the progressive standardization of the architecture of dervish lodges during a transitional period that witnessed the emergence of the Ottomans in the former Eretnid realm. Focusing on these two case studies from the Inner Pontos region, this paper argues that such production is rooted at the local scale. Moreover, the study of such ornamentation also present in early Ottoman dervish lodges sheds new light on the artistic exchanges and circulations at a regional scale, deconstructing the historiographic border isolating central Anatolia from the emerging Ottoman Empire.