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Titele in WoS: The metropolises of the Middle East

How can the Danish lawn be read and interpreted through the last century? The cases vary a lot, therefore the cases reach out towards a general discussion.The investigation aims at exploring the Danish lawn in an international perspective, and lawns in landscape architecture or lawns as symbols signify critical points of view to societal matters.The present contribution explores the lawn as a central component in selected cases from 1915 till today. The modern breakthrough in the 1920s in Danish landscape architecture revitalized the lawn. Further artistic contributions in the 1950s launched the lawn in a delicate poetic edition. Only a few years later in the 1960s, the lawn signified the inhuman, industrialized suburb. The color TV in the 1980s made the lawn synonymous with commercial football and technology. In 2019, the lawn is an everyday thing, and parallelly it exists as the antonym to the ecological flower meadow – the “true” urban nature.

In this paper runestones are compared to early Christian grave monuments, the so-called Eskilstuna cists, in an area of Västergötland extending from Husaby to Sparlösa. In order to compare the carving techniques, runestones and grave monuments were analysed by 3D scanning and groove analysis employing a method developed at the Archaeological Research Laboratory at Stockholm University. The hypothesis is that carving technique as a part of material culture reflects the mobility patterns of rune carvers, their contacts and the relationship between individuals and groups. Results indicate that the carving of runestones was relatively uniform over the whole area investigated, whereas the technique of those who carved grave monuments clearly differs between the main sites Husaby, Häggesled and Kållands-Råda. This may suggest that runestone carvers had contacts with one another, while the carvers of the grave monuments kept to their own local site with a lesser degree of interaction among themselves. In a wider context, this change in mobility patterns may be a part of the general restructuring of eleventh century society resulting from Christianization.

The aim of this paper is to examine if any homogeneity or heterogeneity can be traced in burials from Preboreal, Boreal and Early Atlantic period, in the area of the Baltic Sea. Furthermore, the paper will deal with the Early Mesolithic burials based on theoretical perspectives on rituals, materiality and agency.To enable the purpose of identifying the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the data, relational multi-varied Correspondence Analysis of the individuals and their artifact variations, body position, burial type etc. have been applied.The data used in this study contain information from 41 sites including 171 graves with 194 individuals from nine different countries (Denmark, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway Poland, Russia and Sweden). The study is based on the work Mesolithische Bestattungen in Europa. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Gräberkunde. Teil I-II of Judith M. Grünberg from 2000, however some new sites and graves have been added.This study is expected to contribute new contextual interpretations of the Early Mesolithic burials of the area of the Baltic Sea.