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We present a global atlas of downcore foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotope ratios available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.936747 (Mulitza et al., 2021a). The database contains 2106 published and previously unpublished stable isotope downcore records with 361 949 stable isotope values of various planktic and benthic species of Foraminifera from 1265 sediment cores. Age constraints are provided by 6153 uncalibrated radiocarbon ages from 598 (47 %) of the cores. Each stable isotope and radiocarbon series is provided in a separate netCDF file containing fundamental metadata as attributes. The data set can be managed and explored with the free software tool PaleoDataView. The atlas will provide important data for paleoceanographic analyses and compilations, site surveys, or for teaching marine stratigraphy. The database can be updated with new records as they are generated, providing a live ongoing resource into the future. International audience

Cooper et al . (Research Articles, 19 February 2021, p. 811) propose that the Laschamps geomagnetic inversion ~42,000 years ago drove global climatic shifts, causing major behavioral changes within prehistoric groups, as well as events of human and megafaunal extinction. Other scientific studies indicate that this proposition is unproven from the current archaeological, paleoanthropological, and genetic records.

Marine phytoplankton are believed to account for more than 45% of photosynthetic net primary production on Earth, and hence are at the base of marine food webs and have an enormous impact on the entire Earth system. Their members are found across many of the major clades of the tree of life, including bacteria (cyanobacteria) and multiple eukaryotic lineages that acquired photosynthesis through the process of endosymbiosis. Our understanding of their distribution in marine ecosystems and their contribution to biogeochemical cycles have increased since they were first described in the 18th century. Here, we review historical milestones in marine phytoplankton research and how their roles were gradually understood, with a particular focus on insights derived from large-scale ocean exploration. We start from the first observations made by explorers and naturalists, review the initial identification of the main phytoplankton groups and the appreciation of their function in the influential Kiel and Plymouth schools that established biological oceanography, to finally outline the contribution of modern large-scale initiatives to understand this fundamental biological component of the ocean. Fil: Pierella Karlusich, Juan José. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Ecole Normale Supérieure; Francia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ibarbalz, Federico Matias. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Ecole Normale Supérieure; Francia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; Argentina Fil: Bowler, Chris. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Ecole Normale Supérieure; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia

Analysis of high-resolution multi-beam bathymetry, 2D multi-channel seismic, and high-resolution seismic sub-bottom profiles revealed the presence of widespread fluid escape features in the middle slope of the Patagonian Continental Margin. On the sea-bottom, these features correspond to pockmarks and mud volcanoes, whereas in the sub-surface they are represented in the seismic records by several acoustic anomalies such as chimneys, acoustic blanking, enhanced reflectors, and reverse-phase enhanced reflectors among others. Some of these acoustic signatures can be traced to syn-rift deposits that fill a deep re-activated and inverted graben. Analysis of pockmarks elongation and pockmarks alignments show a good correlation with inverted normal faults, suggesting that faults and fractures have influenced the pockmark's shape and might have acted as pathways for upward fluid migration. Some of the acoustic anomalies associated with pockmarks are interpreted as evidence of gas. The gas observed in the seismic data seems to be thermogenic, and the seismic data suggests a deep origin associated with over-pressured syn-rift deposits. Two morphometrically different sets of pockmarks were identified: an older set hosted by Miocene aged rocks, and a younger set hosted by Quaternary deposits. Different potential triggers are discussed for the genesis of the Miocene pockmarks in relation to the seismostratigraphy, structural geology and regional tectonics. It is concluded that, tectonic activity associated with the Neogene inversion of the graben faults, due to Andean compression, is the most likely cause for the formation these pockmarks. The presence of gas charged sediment and young pockmarks also suggest that after the Middle Miocene tectonic climax, a more recent pulse of release of fluids occurred. Sí

AbstractAntico et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020897) made available the longest hydrometric record (1875–2017) of the Paraná River of South America, one of the 10 largest rivers in the world. The oldest part of this record (1875–1883) has low accuracy because it was obtained from a hand‐drawn plot of the time series of daily water levels at Rosario City, Argentina. Here we overcame this data limitation by digitizing more accurate typewritten daily water levels observed at Rosario in 1875–1883. The digitized levels were referenced to the modern datum, subjected to quality checks, and corrected for errors caused by a gradual gauge sinking. A rating curve was used to convert water levels into discharges. Interestingly, our data capture the extreme Paraná flood associated with the very strong 1877–1878 El Niño.

Abstract Although the Parana River wetland includes a high number of Late Holocene archaeological sites from hunter-gatherer groups which share material properties related to a common subsistence strategy, material variability can be seen in the regional scale. Through the analysis of pottery style, some authors have proposed that this could be related to the development of social limits. While in sites earlier than 1100 years BP pottery decoration is heterogeneous, in later samples, there is a group of archaeological sites with homogeneous patterns in pottery decoration, while this is mostly plain in others. Bone technology could be used to test and discuss these ideas, as it is well represented in different sectors of the Parana River, in archaeological contexts from ~2300 to 700 years BP. Although the functional character of bone tools has been largely addressed, decorative and morphological stylistic features have remained outside the scope of traditional literature. As a result of our analysis, we conclude that there is a differential behaviour in the decorative style of bone tools. In early sites, decoration is rare and highly variable, which could be interpreted as an individual marker. In late contexts, decoration is only present in sites with plain pottery and it shows a standardized pattern that suggests the existence of a common code among certain groups of people.

Changes in the geometry of ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC) are crucial in controlling past changes of climate and the carbon inventory of the atmosphere. However, the accurate timing and global correlation of short-term glacial-to-deglacial changes of MOC in different ocean basins still present a major challenge. The fine structure of jumps and plateaus in atmospheric and planktic radiocarbon (14C) concentration reflects changes in atmospheric 14C production, ocean–atmosphere 14C exchange, and ocean mixing. Plateau boundaries in the atmospheric 14C record of Lake Suigetsu, now tied to Hulu Cave U∕Th model ages instead of optical varve counts, provide a stratigraphic “rung ladder” of up to 30 age tie points from 29 to 10 cal ka for accurate dating of planktic oceanic 14C records. The age differences between contemporary planktic and atmospheric 14C plateaus record the global distribution of 14C reservoir ages for surface waters of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and deglacial Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS-1), as documented in 19 and 20 planktic 14C records, respectively. Elevated and variable reservoir ages mark both upwelling regions and high-latitude sites covered by sea ice and/or meltwater. 14C ventilation ages of LGM deep waters reveal opposed geometries of Atlantic and Pacific MOC. Like today, Atlantic deep-water formation went along with an estuarine inflow of old abyssal waters from the Southern Ocean up to the northern North Pacific and an outflow of upper deep waters. During early HS-1, 14C ventilation ages suggest a reversed MOC and ∼1500-year flushing of the deep North Pacific up to the South China Sea, when estuarine circulation geometry marked the North Atlantic, gradually starting near 19 ka. High 14C ventilation ages of LGM deep waters reflect a major drawdown of carbon from the atmosphere. The subsequent major deglacial age drop reflects changes in MOC accompanied by massive carbon releases to the atmosphere as recorded in Antarctic ice cores. These new features of MOC and the carbon cycle provide detailed evidence in space and time to test and refine ocean models that, in part because of insufficient spatial model resolution and reference data, still poorly reproduce our data sets. Climate of the Past, 16 (6) ISSN:1814-9332 ISSN:1814-9324